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Covid-19

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Full-Text Articles in Education

The Good, The Bad, And The In Between: The Effects Of Covid-19 And Remote Learning, Samantha Anastasio May 2024

The Good, The Bad, And The In Between: The Effects Of Covid-19 And Remote Learning, Samantha Anastasio

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This Capstone Project delves into the perspectives of Bay High School teachers regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning on students' education. Through a thorough analysis of interviews and relevant research, the study aims to address and mitigate the learning setbacks experienced by students during this challenging period. With a focus on the two-year learning gap caused by remote learning and school closures, the researchers highlight the significance of understanding teachers' firsthand experiences and insights. They argue that the implementation of effective tutoring programs emerges as the most promising approach to bridge the education gap and support …


An Exploratory Comparison Of The Impact Of Covid-19 On American And Chinese College Student Lives, Arvind Agrawal, Alan Hamlin, Steve Barney, Yongchuan Shi Apr 2024

An Exploratory Comparison Of The Impact Of Covid-19 On American And Chinese College Student Lives, Arvind Agrawal, Alan Hamlin, Steve Barney, Yongchuan Shi

Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Technology

US and Chinese students in their home countries rated their life experiences since the advent of Covid-19 on various aspects of their lives, including academic performance, social life, and emotional, financial, and physical well-being. Input was also received about how Covid-19 has affected their communication, career planning, and post-graduate goals.

To assess the impacts of these changes on college students, the authors created a questionnaire to ask students about their perceptions of these COVID-related impacts on their personal lives. The survey had 56 questions, with 1580 students responding, providing both objective input and subjective comments. Due to the volume of …


Returning To School After A Pandemic: K-6 Special Education Teachers Perspectives On Students With Disabilities Returning To School In Regard To Mindset, Behavior, Social Connections, And Academic Achievement, Andrea Xenios Mar 2024

Returning To School After A Pandemic: K-6 Special Education Teachers Perspectives On Students With Disabilities Returning To School In Regard To Mindset, Behavior, Social Connections, And Academic Achievement, Andrea Xenios

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to determine K-6 special education educators’ perceptions of the impact on students with disabilities returning to school after the trauma of a pandemic for 2 years with regard to behavior, academic achievement, mindset, and social connections.

Methodology: This qualitative study interviewed 10 special education teachers who taught before, during, and after the pandemic in Orange County, CA. Semi-structured open ended interview questions was the main source of data collection with other sources including observations, and artifacts. Data was coded and the researcher analyzed the data for themes and patterns.

Findings: The study …


Efficacy Indicators For Ict Addiction Prevention: A Case Study Of Clickeando, Amparo Luján-Barrera, Lydia Cervera-Ortiz, Mariano Chóliz- Montañés Jan 2024

Efficacy Indicators For Ict Addiction Prevention: A Case Study Of Clickeando, Amparo Luján-Barrera, Lydia Cervera-Ortiz, Mariano Chóliz- Montañés

Revista Española de Pedagogía

No abstract provided.


Indicadores De Eficacia De La Prevención De La Adicción A Las Tic: Clickeando, Estudio De Caso, Amparo Luján-Barrera, Lydia Cervera-Ortiz, Mariano Chóliz- Montañés Jan 2024

Indicadores De Eficacia De La Prevención De La Adicción A Las Tic: Clickeando, Estudio De Caso, Amparo Luján-Barrera, Lydia Cervera-Ortiz, Mariano Chóliz- Montañés

Revista Española de Pedagogía

No existen muchos programas de prevención de adicción a las TIC y menos todavía validados científicamente. Prevenir la adicción a las TIC es clave en las políticas gubernamentales de salud mental de los adolescentes. Clickeando es un programa escolar de prevención universal de la adicción a las TIC para adolescentes. Lleva realizándose catorce años y ha sido diseñado con base en los índices de calidad destacados para esta clase de programas. Desde 2020, Clickeando evalúa a sus participantes con el fin de vincular los esfuerzos de organismos y agentes preventivos, lo que ha permitido valorar los efectos del programa en …


Students' Readiness In Following Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Siti Wakijah, Thomas Sukardi, Putu Sudira, Pramu Pramu, Ranu Iskandar, Rijalul Haq Dec 2023

Students' Readiness In Following Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Siti Wakijah, Thomas Sukardi, Putu Sudira, Pramu Pramu, Ranu Iskandar, Rijalul Haq

Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors, including the education sector. This study aimed to determine Polbangtan YoMa students' readiness to follow online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is survey research. The subjects of this study were 158 Polbangtan YoMa students. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study results are: (1) the aspects of facilities and infrastructure get the percentage of 66%, meaning that Polbangtan YoMa students are ready to follow the learning from the aspect of facilities and infrastructure; (2) the technological literacy aspect gets the percentage …


The Impact Of Online Learning On Students Learning Motivation, Andrian Riyadi, Sudiyatno Sudiyatno Dec 2023

The Impact Of Online Learning On Students Learning Motivation, Andrian Riyadi, Sudiyatno Sudiyatno

Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi

The current Covid-19 pandemic forces the learning process to be carried out online or long distance to impact every factor that supports smooth learning, one of which is student learning motivation. Thus, this study aims to determine the impact of online learning on vocational school students' learning motivation. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method. The research approach used is a literature study by collecting data from the results of research that has been done previously that discusses the variables related to this research. The study indicates that several factors cause a decrease in student …


Leading For What, Leading For Who? An International Comparative Analysis Of University Presidents’ Leadership Amid Covid-19, Santiago Castiello-Gutiérrez, Jon Mcnaughtan, Sarah Maria Schiffecker, Hugo A. García Dec 2023

Leading For What, Leading For Who? An International Comparative Analysis Of University Presidents’ Leadership Amid Covid-19, Santiago Castiello-Gutiérrez, Jon Mcnaughtan, Sarah Maria Schiffecker, Hugo A. García

Journal of Research on the College President

The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique shared challenge for all HEIs leaders around the world. Besides balancing institutional tasks and ensuring the health and safety of the campus community, university presidents were challenged with promoting equity and showing empathy in their leadership. Framed by Henry Mintzberg’s (1973) theory on managerial roles, this study uses in-depth interviews of 14 university presidents in eight countries, to understand how they enacted different roles in leading their institutions through a global crisis. Despite differences among presidential leadership styles in diverse contexts, findings from the study show that leadership roles shifted from securing their institution’s …


The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Students In The School Setting: The Adaptations Needed For Tiered Supports, Eleni M. Gajewski Dec 2023

The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Students In The School Setting: The Adaptations Needed For Tiered Supports, Eleni M. Gajewski

Dissertations

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on students in the school setting and identify necessary adaptations needed, particularly through a tiered system of support. The research aims for two primary objectives by employing a constructivist framework utilizing mixed methods for data collection. Firstly, it aims to provide districts with a foundation for understanding the social-emotional and academic consequences of the pandemic on students. Secondly, its purpose is to empower districts to leverage this comprehensive evaluation as a proactive approach to cater to the diverse needs of all students. This includes responding to the challenges posed …


Hiring Criteria And Employability Of Esl/Efl Instructors In The Tesol Job Market In Canada And The United Arab Emirates, Shaden S. Attia Nov 2023

Hiring Criteria And Employability Of Esl/Efl Instructors In The Tesol Job Market In Canada And The United Arab Emirates, Shaden S. Attia

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study investigated the hiring criteria and employability of ESL/EFL instructors in Canada and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in higher education. It also explored challenges facing instructors and program administrators in today’s global TESOL job market, and how they both tackled these challenges. The study drew on intersectionality and Critical Race Theory and a qualitative methodological approach to answer the research questions. The research methods included an online questionnaire, analyses of online job advertisements and instructors’ journal reflections, and interviews with instructors and program administrators.

The findings indicate that educational qualifications, and teaching experience and certification constituted the primary …


Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Experienced Introductory Stem Instructors’ Teaching Practices, Sarah Boesdorfer Oct 2023

Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Experienced Introductory Stem Instructors’ Teaching Practices, Sarah Boesdorfer

Journal of STEM Teacher Education

Professional development for STEM instructors and facilitating change in their instruction requires understanding current practices along with what motivates or causes them to change their teaching practice. Teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic caused a lot of change in how courses were delivered in-person or online, but it also provided opportunities for instructors to change the teaching method used in the courses, potentially shifting towards more student-centered practices. Some commonly cited barriers to faculty changes were removed or lowered during this time and instructors had to think about their teaching due to the nature of the pandemic. Opportunity for change was …


The Impact Of The Corona Pandemic On The Quality Of High School Exam Questions In Jordan أثر جائحة كورونا في جودة أسئلة امتحان الثانوية العامة في الأردن, Haidar Zaza Aug 2023

The Impact Of The Corona Pandemic On The Quality Of High School Exam Questions In Jordan أثر جائحة كورونا في جودة أسئلة امتحان الثانوية العامة في الأردن, Haidar Zaza

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

The study aimed to identify the quality of the high school exam questions by measuring that the questions do not violate the rules of their writing. The number of questions that formed the study population was 4,915 distributed over 160 exams held during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The descriptive analytical approach was followed to analyze 1230 multiple-choice questions using the violation detection tool. The results showed that 434 (35.3%) questions violated at least one rule, and 736 (59.8%) questions violated two or more rules. In total, the analysis revealed that 1170 (95.1%) questions violated five rules out of 18 …


The Future Of Extension Programming Post-Pandemic: The Need For Diverse Approaches, Andrew Zimbroff Aug 2023

The Future Of Extension Programming Post-Pandemic: The Need For Diverse Approaches, Andrew Zimbroff

The Journal of Extension

The Covid-19 pandemic has been highly disruptive to Extension programming. Online programming has emerged as one of the primary approaches for maintaining engagement with the communities and populations Extension serves. Some have even suggested that it might become the default programming method, even after it is safe to return to in-person programming. In this commentary, I discuss some of the current limitations and challenges inherent in online-only programming -- ones that are often overlooked by Extension personnel. Further, I discuss key factors that Extension personnel should take into account when considering online programming for any future professional efforts.


Examining Shifting Factors Predictive Of Health Center Utilization On College Campuses Using The Abm Theoretical Model, Kimberly Loren Reynolds Aug 2023

Examining Shifting Factors Predictive Of Health Center Utilization On College Campuses Using The Abm Theoretical Model, Kimberly Loren Reynolds

Theses and Dissertations

There is extensive research over the decades around health care services utilization trends, however, limited data and research exists around student utilization of campus health centers. Furthermore, there is very minimal data on student utilization trends of campus health services since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since a crucial component to fostering healthy and safe college campuses is through campus health services, it clearly indicates a need for further research on the trends and perceptions of students’ campus health services utilization. This study examines utilization rates of students through exploring key demographic characteristics of students, including their perceptions toward …


Implementing Successful Foundational Reading Intervention: Resources For Upper Elementary Teachers, Colleen Myers Aug 2023

Implementing Successful Foundational Reading Intervention: Resources For Upper Elementary Teachers, Colleen Myers

Culminating Experience Projects

Research shows that being able to read fluently is linked to other academic success and socioemotional outcomes such as having increased empathy. However, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) shows that approximately one-third of fourth graders are reading at a level that is considered below basic. Upper elementary teachers are in a unique position, as the students they are currently teaching likely had their foundational reading instruction interrupted due to the covid-19 pandemic. This means that upper elementary teachers are having to set up reading interventions that focus on foundational skills. Often, these teachers are not provided with the …


Examining The Impact Of Course Modality And Course Content Presentation Modality On Undergraduate Grade Outcomes And Course Evaluations, Valerie E. Hogan-Sandi Aug 2023

Examining The Impact Of Course Modality And Course Content Presentation Modality On Undergraduate Grade Outcomes And Course Evaluations, Valerie E. Hogan-Sandi

Doctoral Dissertations

This study was conducted with students previously enrolled in an introduction to educational psychology course during the fall 2019 “F2F”, fall 2020 “online”, and fall 2021 “mixed” semesters, (N =515). The primary goal of this study was to examine how course modality, online and F2F, impacts certain course variables. Specifically, research questions examine how course modality impacts overall course performance, exam performance, homework completion, homework timeliness, and student ratings. Overall course grade, exam grades, and homework completion information were downloaded from Canvas and students identifying information were removed. De-identified student evaluation data were shared with the investigator.

A Kruskal-Wallis H …


The Perceived Impact Of A Global Pandemic On The Academic Achievement And Social-Emotional Health Of Students In The Title I Elementary Classroom: A Phenomenology, Tiffany Nicole Paige Jul 2023

The Perceived Impact Of A Global Pandemic On The Academic Achievement And Social-Emotional Health Of Students In The Title I Elementary Classroom: A Phenomenology, Tiffany Nicole Paige

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This phenomenological study explored the perceived impact of the global pandemic on students' academic achievement and social-emotional health in Title I elementary schools in Northcentral Georgia. The central research question driving this research sought to explore teachers' experiences with perceived student achievement and overall social-emotional health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theories of behaviorism and social learning guided this study as the researcher’s goal was to identify how COVID-19 has impacted students academically, as well as taking a more rigorous look at the social-emotional wellbeing of students who have experienced numerous educational changes due to the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic …


College Education Students' Learning Experiences On The Advent Of Online Distance Education In The Philippines: A Phenomenological Study, Lalin A. Tuguic, Henry P. Bilan Jul 2023

College Education Students' Learning Experiences On The Advent Of Online Distance Education In The Philippines: A Phenomenological Study, Lalin A. Tuguic, Henry P. Bilan

The Qualitative Report

The introduction of online distance learning in the Philippines was like the emergence of an uninvited houseguest who refused to leave. This pandemic disrupted the status quo of education, and as a result, institutions resorted to using online distance learning methods. The purpose of this research was to explore the home-based learning experiences of college education students. Phenomenological interviews were used to collect information from 15 participants of the study. Overall, a text analysis was structured around their perspectives on learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and found significant themes related to online distance education like methods and means regarding how …


Elementary School Teachers' Pedagogical Digital Competency And Self-Efficacy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multiple Case Study, Teerath Kaur Grewal Jun 2023

Elementary School Teachers' Pedagogical Digital Competency And Self-Efficacy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multiple Case Study, Teerath Kaur Grewal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the pedagogical digital competence and self-efficacy of educators from Delta Technology Elementary School and MacArthur Elementary School during emergency remote teaching of the 2020-2021 school year caused by the Covid-19 crisis. Previous research has shown that factors such as competency and self-efficacy as primary elements that immensely influence the educator’s ability to integrate technology in a classroom. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, which explains the educator’s ability to integrate educational technology within instructional practices successfully. Qualitative multiple case study was used to explore the challenges and …


Kanwork Covid-19 Vaccine Initiative, Mazanah Muhamad, Nor Aida Maskor, Asmah Ismail, Nik Hasnaa Nik Mahmood Jun 2023

Kanwork Covid-19 Vaccine Initiative, Mazanah Muhamad, Nor Aida Maskor, Asmah Ismail, Nik Hasnaa Nik Mahmood

Adult Education Research Conference

COVID-19 triggered the need for vaccination. A mixed method inquiry revealed that KanWork Cancer Society’s vaccination initiative was successful in educating members to make informed decision to vaccinate.


Limitations Of Telemedicine Vs. Face-To-Face Eye Examination In A Patient With New Headaches, Joseph Hallak, Od, Danielle Kalberer, Od Apr 2023

Limitations Of Telemedicine Vs. Face-To-Face Eye Examination In A Patient With New Headaches, Joseph Hallak, Od, Danielle Kalberer, Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: During the emergence and rise of COVID-19, precaution directives and limitations on in-person eye examinations re-routed a significant portion of care to telemedicine and virtual modalities. While these technologies allowed for healthcare communications that otherwise could not occur during such trying times, there are major limitations to these sanctioned applications. This report will present a seemingly benign case that could have easily been re-routed from an in-person examination to a telemedicine version due to the patient’s seemingly “routine” vision complaints.

Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient contacted the eye clinic with a complaint of a minor, new, unexplained headache …


Impact Of The Pandemic On Computer Science Education, Dwight Miller, Guy Trainin Apr 2023

Impact Of The Pandemic On Computer Science Education, Dwight Miller, Guy Trainin

Research and Evaluation in Education, Technology, Art, and Design

This poster examines the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on computer science education in Nebraska. Data collected by Code.org on student and teacher engagement in CS education in Nebraska public and private schools helps paint a picture of the changing landscape.We reveal a significant decrease in rural student participation since the 2019-20 school year, a minimal increase in the number of teachers teaching with Code.org, and a significant drop in participation of girls at the secondary level. By uncovering these trends in engagement, we hope to inform and inspire educators and administrators to take action.


Consumer Shift: Examining Female Generation Y Consumers’ Activewear Consumption, Lauren Laporte Mar 2023

Consumer Shift: Examining Female Generation Y Consumers’ Activewear Consumption, Lauren Laporte

LSU Master's Theses

The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a change to standard consumption patterns as consumers began prioritizing health and wellness, working remotely, and made a switch from material-based consumption practices to an experiential-value-based consumption mindset. Additionally, Covid-19 brought economic downturns, loss of jobs, and supply chain issues. Consequently, the activewear market demonstrated unclear results making it necessary to understand trends within the activewear market while also understanding consumer motivations to wear or not to wear activewear during these societal shifts. This research paper aims it’s focus on female members of Generation Y, a popular and growing market for activewear. …


School Personnel Lived Experiences Related To High School Engineering Education And The Covid-19 Pandemic, Justina R. Jackson, Katherine L. Boice, Stephen Cochran, Brooke Skelton, Jeffrey Rosen, Marion Usselman Feb 2023

School Personnel Lived Experiences Related To High School Engineering Education And The Covid-19 Pandemic, Justina R. Jackson, Katherine L. Boice, Stephen Cochran, Brooke Skelton, Jeffrey Rosen, Marion Usselman

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

This study investigated the teaching experiences of three school personnel at a public high school during the 2020–2021 school year as they implemented a unique science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) unit with in-person and virtual students in their engineering classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. A research team interviewed two teachers and one administrator at the school to better understand the nuances of pre-college engineering during a pandemic year and how changes in school and district policy affected the instructional delivery of STEAM projects. Narrative analytic methods were utilized to understand each participant’s experience and an inductive content thematic …


Factors Affecting The Satisfaction Of Sultan Qaboos University Students About Remote Academic Advising During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Abdul Rahim M. Al Droushi Phd, Khalifa Mubarak Al Jadidi Phd, Kashef Zayed Phd Feb 2023

Factors Affecting The Satisfaction Of Sultan Qaboos University Students About Remote Academic Advising During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Abdul Rahim M. Al Droushi Phd, Khalifa Mubarak Al Jadidi Phd, Kashef Zayed Phd

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction of Sultan Qaboos University students with remote academic advising during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed to explore the factors that might affect the extent of satisfaction, such as gender, academic year, and the nationality of the academic advisor. To achieve these aims, the researchers developed an academic advising satisfaction survey. The survey consisted of three sub-scales, namely, satisfaction with the advisor's competence and information, satisfaction with the advisor's interest and enthusiasm, and satisfaction with the ease of communication with the advisor. The survey was distributed to a sample of 490 …


‘Chinese Virus’: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Anti-Asian Racist Discourse During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Peiwen Wang, Theresa Catalano Feb 2023

‘Chinese Virus’: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Anti-Asian Racist Discourse During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Peiwen Wang, Theresa Catalano

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Since the emergence of COVID-19, researchers have documented an increase in cases of anti-Asian racism and hate crimes. Research shows a possible connection between the ‘Chinese virus’ discourse of the Trump administration and violence in society (Arora and Kim 2020:387). Drawing from critical discourse studies we explore 2,071 comments from one YouTube video which documents anti-China rhetoric by the Trump administration in order to understand the underlying strategies commenters relied on in their reproduction and defence of this discourse. Findings show the trickle-down influence of Trump’s discourse on YouTube commenters, but also ways in which social media created a platform …


Peran Regulasi Biaya Tes Antigen Dan Tes Pcrterhadap Penerimaan Departemen Laboratorium Rs X, Nia Murniati, Bulan Kamillah Jan 2023

Peran Regulasi Biaya Tes Antigen Dan Tes Pcrterhadap Penerimaan Departemen Laboratorium Rs X, Nia Murniati, Bulan Kamillah

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Pemeriksaan Tes Antigen dan Tes Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) adalah langkah pertama dalam penegakan diagnosa Covid-19. Sejak kemunculannya di awal pandemi hingga terbitnya regulasi pemerintah tentang penyeragaman tarif yang mengatur ketentuan biaya pemeriksaan memberikan dampak terhadap penerimaan rumah sakit terutama pada Departemen Laboratorium. Regulasi pemerintah yang berkali-kali berubah terkait tarif biaya pemeriksaan menyebabkan rumah sakit tidak dapat memproyeksi penerimaan dari item pemeriksaan Tes Antigen dan PCR di Departemen Laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran regulasi biaya tes antigen dan PCR terhadap penerimaan Departemen Laboratorium RS X, menggunakan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan data penerimaan Departemen Laboratorium RS X periode April 2021 …


Examining Faculty’S Transition To 100% Online Learning During A Pandemic: A Narrative Inquiry, Christa Ann Banton, Jose Garza Jan 2023

Examining Faculty’S Transition To 100% Online Learning During A Pandemic: A Narrative Inquiry, Christa Ann Banton, Jose Garza

The Qualitative Report

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quickly emerged as an unprecedented pandemic that has impacted communities at every level. Although online teaching is not a new concept, many faculty entered new territory as they transitioned into the online learning environment at the onset of the pandemic. This qualitative, narrative inquiry sought to capture the unique experiences of on-ground faculty during the rapid transition into online learning. Through these twenty interviews, some emerging themes included the instability and usage of technology, changes in engagement and participation, and the need for additional student and faculty support. Emerging themes provide insight to future implications related …


Remote Working And Online Education Among Neurodiverse Individuals, Kendall Smith Jan 2023

Remote Working And Online Education Among Neurodiverse Individuals, Kendall Smith

Emerging Writers

Many jobs and schools closed in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, and a vast majority of students and employees found it difficult to resume their education and careers online; however, those on the neurodiverse spectrum found it much harder. Upon first glance, it was easy to see how frustrating and stressful online schooling was for special needs students. Many had difficulty concentrating during virtual lectures or lacked motivation to stay on task. Likewise, many neurodiverse employees found that at-home distractions were far worse than in-office ones, and the loneliness from staying home all day was jarring. But after pulling research …


Creating The Pause: A Theoretical Approach To Helping Students Achieve Creative Independence, Amanda J. Anderson Jan 2023

Creating The Pause: A Theoretical Approach To Helping Students Achieve Creative Independence, Amanda J. Anderson

MSU Graduate Theses

This paper will detail how the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic revealed the need for a modification of our current educational best practices. This modification asks that teachers create an intentional Pause where students can spend time dwelling on content and making their own meaning before teachers intervene through scaffolding and front loading. It uses a combination of personal experience, review of best practices, and Covid-19 data to show that best practices did not transfer well during the pandemic. It will then provide evidence for the addition of the Pause as well as addressing anticipated counterarguments.