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Articles 31 - 60 of 141
Full-Text Articles in Education
When Good Evidence Is Not Enough: The Role Of Context In Bowel Cancer Screening Policy In New Zealand, Kathy Flitcroft, James Gillespie, Stacy Carter, Lyndal Trevena, Glenn P. Salkeld
When Good Evidence Is Not Enough: The Role Of Context In Bowel Cancer Screening Policy In New Zealand, Kathy Flitcroft, James Gillespie, Stacy Carter, Lyndal Trevena, Glenn P. Salkeld
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Bowel cancer is a serious health problem in developed countries. Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ) reviewed the same randomised controlled trial evidence on the benefits and harms of population-based bowel cancer screening. Yet only NZ, with the highest age standardised rate of bowel cancer mortality, decided against introducing a bowel cancer screening programme. This case study of policy making explores the unique resource, ethical, institutional and political environments in which the evidence was considered. It highlights the centrality of context in assessing the relative worth of evidence in policy making and raises questions about the suitability …
Preferences For Ct Colonography And Colonoscopy As Diagnostic Tests For Colorectal Cancer: A Discrete Choice Experiment, Kirsten Howard, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michael P. Pignone, Peter Hewett, Peter Cheung, Julie Olsen, Wayne Clapton, Ian Roberts-Thomson
Preferences For Ct Colonography And Colonoscopy As Diagnostic Tests For Colorectal Cancer: A Discrete Choice Experiment, Kirsten Howard, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michael P. Pignone, Peter Hewett, Peter Cheung, Julie Olsen, Wayne Clapton, Ian Roberts-Thomson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objective Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is an alternative diagnostic test to colonoscopy for colorectal cancer and polyps. The aim of this study was to determine test characteristics important to patients and to examine trade-offs in attributes that patients are willing to accept in the context of the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Methods A discrete choice study was used to assess preferences of patients with clinical indications suspicious of colorectal cancer who experienced both CTC and colonoscopy as part of a diagnostic accuracy study in South Australia. Results were analyzed by using a mixed logit model and presented as odds ratios …
Mental Illness In Policy Discourse: Locating The Criminal Justice System, Natalia K. Hanley, Stuart Ross
Mental Illness In Policy Discourse: Locating The Criminal Justice System, Natalia K. Hanley, Stuart Ross
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the Australian Political Science Association 2011 Conference, 26-28 September 2011, Canberra, Australia
Ethnic Differences In Adolescent Mental Health Trajectories And The Influence Of Racism And Context: The Determinants Of Adolescent Social Well-Being And Health (Dash) Study, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Maria J. Maynard, Erik Lenguerrand, Seeromanie Harding
Ethnic Differences In Adolescent Mental Health Trajectories And The Influence Of Racism And Context: The Determinants Of Adolescent Social Well-Being And Health (Dash) Study, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Maria J. Maynard, Erik Lenguerrand, Seeromanie Harding
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Inaugural Conference, 22-24 September 2010, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Assembling Geographical Knowledge Of Changing Worlds, Pauline M. Mcguirk
Assembling Geographical Knowledge Of Changing Worlds, Pauline M. Mcguirk
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This piece is sympathetic to the critical questions and epistemological arguments Larner (2011) presents for the current conjuncture of global transformations. I mobilize Larner's arguments for process-oriented assemblage thinking and apply them to the particular conjuncture through which one of these transformations - climate change - is being problematized in the Australian empirical context, and its connection to existing and emergent institutional and political formations and knowledge practices. I also point to emergent process-oriented, situated scholarly accounts of climate change in Australia and their potential to expand the contestable spaces whereby alternative politicizations and alternative political and institutional forms might …
Population Growth And Change: Implications For Australia's Cities And Regions, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Neil Argent
Population Growth And Change: Implications For Australia's Cities And Regions, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Neil Argent
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Australia's distinctive pattern of settlement has long presented a suite of social, economic, infrastructural, and environmental challenges for the nation's cities and regions. These challenges will be intensified by the population growth and dynamics anticipated in the 2010 Intergenerational Report. Future growth will inevitably have differential impacts for metropolitan, regional, and rural settlements, and for inland and coastal regions. This paper analyses current trends and likely directions in population change and distribution and the major implications for the nation's metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. For Australia's cities, core issues include: access to affordable housing, suitable employment, infrastructure, and services; managing growth …
Sound Diaries: A Method Of Listening To Place, Michelle Duffy, Gordon R. Waitt
Sound Diaries: A Method Of Listening To Place, Michelle Duffy, Gordon R. Waitt
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This paper develops a methodology for understanding how relations between people and place are co-constituted through music and sounds. Using the case of Four Winds Festival Bermagui, New South Wales, the paper discusses our use of "sound diaries" as a means to better understand the role of sound in participants' understanding of place. Highlighted within our discussion is how our experimental methodology overcomes some of the inherent problems of researching so-called "sound geographies." Sound diaries provide a possible technique to provide partical insights into the embodied knowledge triggered by sounds and music. Woven within these personal interpretations and their attributed …
Local Jekyll And Global Hyde: The Dual Identity Of Face Identification, Sebastien R. Miellet, Roberto Caldara, Philippe Schyns
Local Jekyll And Global Hyde: The Dual Identity Of Face Identification, Sebastien R. Miellet, Roberto Caldara, Philippe Schyns
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The main concern in face-processing research is to understand the processes underlying the identification of faces. In the study reported here, we addressed this issue by examining whether local or global information supports face identification. We developed a new methodology called "iHybrid." This technique combines two famous identities in a gaze-contingent paradigm, which simultaneously provides local, foveated information from one face and global, complementary information from a second face. Behavioral face-identification performance and eye-tracking data showed that the visual system identified faces on the basis of either local or global information depending on the location of the observer's first fixation. …
Feasibility And Acceptability Of Sexual Abstinence For Interruption Of Hiv Transmission Among Individuals With Acute Hiv Infection - Formative Data From Chavi 011, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Audrey Pettifor, Amy Corneli
Feasibility And Acceptability Of Sexual Abstinence For Interruption Of Hiv Transmission Among Individuals With Acute Hiv Infection - Formative Data From Chavi 011, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Audrey Pettifor, Amy Corneli
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
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Social Experience Does Not Abolish Cultural Diversity In Eye Movements, David J. Kelly, Rachael Jack, Sebastien R. Miellet, Emanuele De, Kay Foreman, Roberto Caldara
Social Experience Does Not Abolish Cultural Diversity In Eye Movements, David J. Kelly, Rachael Jack, Sebastien R. Miellet, Emanuele De, Kay Foreman, Roberto Caldara
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Adults from Eastern (e.g., China) and Western (e.g., USA) cultural groups display pronounced differences in a range of visual processing tasks. For example, the eye movement strategies used for information extraction during a variety of face processing tasks (e.g., identification and facial expressions of emotion categorization) differs across cultural groups. Currently, many of the differences reported in previous studies have asserted that culture itself is responsible for shaping the way we process visual information, yet this has never been directly investigated. In the current study, we assessed the relative contribution of genetic and cultural factors by testing face processing in …
Dairy Constituents And Neurocognitive Health In Ageing, David A. Camfield, Lauren Owen, Andrew Scholey, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough
Dairy Constituents And Neurocognitive Health In Ageing, David A. Camfield, Lauren Owen, Andrew Scholey, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) and dementia are of increasing concern to an ageing population. In recent years, there has been considerable research focused on effective dietary interventions that may prevent or ameliorate ARCD and dementia. While a number of studies have considered the impact that dairy products may have on physiological health, particularly with regard to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular health, further research is currently needed in order to establish the impact that dairy products have in the promotion of healthy brain function during ageing. The present review considers the available evidence for the positive effects of dairy products …
The Future Of Geography In English Universities, Noel Castree
The Future Of Geography In English Universities, Noel Castree
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Geography in England is one of many university subjects that will be significantly restructured - with almost immediate effect - because of powerful external drivers altering research and teaching. In this commentary I want to speculate on the likely changes ahead, and to consider how university-based geographers in England might respond to them. Given the considerable international influence that geographers in England exert within the wider subject, this commentary ought to interest those working in other countries. Notwithstanding the perils of futurology, I consider some possible scenarios in the midst of a formative moment for higher education in the UK's …
Sydney Multisite Intervention Of Laughterbosses And Elderclowns (Smile): Results From A Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial, Lee-Fay Low, Henry Brodaty, Anne-Nicole Casey, Belinda Goodenough, Peter Spitzer, J Bell, Lynn Chenoweth, Richard Fleming
Sydney Multisite Intervention Of Laughterbosses And Elderclowns (Smile): Results From A Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial, Lee-Fay Low, Henry Brodaty, Anne-Nicole Casey, Belinda Goodenough, Peter Spitzer, J Bell, Lynn Chenoweth, Richard Fleming
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract from the International Psychogeriatric Association Reinventing Aging through Innovation 15th International Congress, 6-9 September 2011, The Hague, Netherlands.
Scaremongering On Today Tonight: The Truth About Wireless Radiation Risks, Rodney J. Croft
Scaremongering On Today Tonight: The Truth About Wireless Radiation Risks, Rodney J. Croft
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In a recent episode of Channel Seven’s current affairs program Today Tonight, it was claimed that wireless devices in the home – such as cordless phones and routers – can cause a range of negative health effects, including: insomnia, depression, migraines and even cancer. These claims don’t bear scrutiny.
Don’T Panic, Mobile Phones Are Still Only As Carcinogenic As Pickles, Rodney J. Croft
Don’T Panic, Mobile Phones Are Still Only As Carcinogenic As Pickles, Rodney J. Croft
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The World Health Organisation’s cancer agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), has classed mobile phones as Group 2B or “possibly carcinogenic” in a new report. In this Q+A Rodney Croft, Professor of Health Physiology at University of Wollongong, explains why we don’t need to panic.
Does Religious Faith Make People Healthier And Happier?, Natascha Klocker, Brigid Trenerry, Kim Webster
Does Religious Faith Make People Healthier And Happier?, Natascha Klocker, Brigid Trenerry, Kim Webster
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
As immigrants from around the world have joined Australia’s cultural mix, an inevitable rise in religious diversity has followed. But has this made for a healthier society? A recent VicHealth study showed that while religion can protect against illness, religious discrimination can harm health. This has led to a renewed call to embrace and respect religious diversity.
Fast Food Loses Tick But Can The Heart Foundation Regain Its Credibility?, Sandra C. Jones
Fast Food Loses Tick But Can The Heart Foundation Regain Its Credibility?, Sandra C. Jones
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The Heart Foundation today announced plans to dump its tick from takeaway foods, citing unfair advantage for companies such as McDonalds over small takeaway outlets that can’t afford the accreditation fees. The tick will still be available to supermarket food manufacturers. So what does the tick actually mean? And does it improve consumer decisions? Professor Sandra Jones, the Director of the Centre for Health Initiatives at the University of Wollongong, explains: The Heart Foundation tick is perceived by consumers to mean a product is healthy. But it’s more complicated than that. The tick means a product is healthier than other …
The Early Years And Later Development: Evidence And Social Policy, Edward Melhuish
The Early Years And Later Development: Evidence And Social Policy, Edward Melhuish
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Keynote address at the Growing Up in Ireland Annual Research Conference, 1 December 2011, Dublin, Ireland
Early Years Research And Policy, Edward Melhuish
Early Years Research And Policy, Edward Melhuish
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Presentation made at The 9th Meeting of the OECD Network on Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) - "Family and Community Engagement", 4-5 July 2011, Paris, France.
Early Years Research And Implications For Policymaking: The Uk Experience, Edward Melhuish
Early Years Research And Implications For Policymaking: The Uk Experience, Edward Melhuish
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Why should we focus on the early years? One reason is the accumulation of evidence that indicates that the child's experience in the early years has profound consequences for later life. There are now many studies that present a consistent picture indicating that adversity in early life, such as frequently accompanies child poverty, is linked to: poor adult mental and physical health , adult mortality, anti‐social and criminal behaviour, substance abuse and poor literacy and academic achievement.
Teacher Knowledge Activated In The Context Of Designing Problems, Barbara Butterfield, Mohan Chinnappan
Teacher Knowledge Activated In The Context Of Designing Problems, Barbara Butterfield, Mohan Chinnappan
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The investigation of teachers' knowledge that informs practice in the mathematics classroom is an important area for research. This issue is addressed in our larger research program which is aimed at characterising the complexity and multi-dimensionality of this knowledge. A report on an earlier phase of this program (Butterfield & Chinnappan, 2010) showed that pre-service teachers tended to activate more common content knowledge than content that is required for teaching. We build on this previous work by examining the kinds of knowledge that a cohort of pre-service teachers activated in the context of designing a learning task.
Understanding The Behaviour Of The Target Market: What Do Adolescents Think About When Asked Questions About Their Behaviour In The Sun?, Melinda Williams, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Understanding The Behaviour Of The Target Market: What Do Adolescents Think About When Asked Questions About Their Behaviour In The Sun?, Melinda Williams, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
We undertook a project to develop a psychometrically sound instrument measuring adolescent sun-related behavior for use in the evaluation of a social marketing program. During the preliminary stages, we conducted a pilot study to test the face validity of the instrument with adolescents. Think-aloud sessions were completed with 24 adolescents. Results identified gaps in our understanding of adolescent sun-related behavior. Adolescents interpreted 'tanning' as specifically lying at the beach in the sun, however also reported behaviours to 'get a bit of sun', suggesting adolescents and researchers have different interpretations of key terms. The study highlights that use of the think-aloud …
Attention-Induced Deactivations In Very Low Frequency Eeg Oscillations: Differential Localisation According To Adhd Symptom Status, Samantha J. Broyd, Suzannah K. Helps, Edmund J.S Sonuga-Barke
Attention-Induced Deactivations In Very Low Frequency Eeg Oscillations: Differential Localisation According To Adhd Symptom Status, Samantha J. Broyd, Suzannah K. Helps, Edmund J.S Sonuga-Barke
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background: The default-mode network (DMN) is characterised by coherent very low frequency (VLF) brain oscillations. The cognitive significance of this VLF profile remains unclear, partly because of the temporally constrained nature of the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal. Previously we have identified a VLF EEG network of scalp locations that shares many features of the DMN. Here we explore the intracranial sources of VLF EEG and examine their overlap with the DMN in adults with high and low ADHD ratings. Methodology/Principal Findings: DC-EEG was recorded using an equidistant 66 channel electrode montage in 25 adult participants with high- and 25 …
Combining The Health Belief Model And Social Marketing To Develop A Community-Level Campaign About Asthma For Older Adults, Uwana Evers, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Combining The Health Belief Model And Social Marketing To Develop A Community-Level Campaign About Asthma For Older Adults, Uwana Evers, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This conceptual paper provides a rationale for combining health behaviour theory with a social marketing framework in order to develop a community-level asthma campaign for adults aged 55 years and older. The prevalence of asthma in older adults in Australia is approximately 10%, higher than in many other countries, and asthma mortality increases with age. In addition, older adults' perceptions of asthma causes and treatments are often inaccurate. Many older adults believe that asthma is a childhood disease and that the effects of the condition are relatively minor and would not impact on daily life. In order to address these …
Differential Effect Of Contrast Polarity Reversals In Closed Squares And Open L-Junctions, Mark M. Schira, Branka Spehar
Differential Effect Of Contrast Polarity Reversals In Closed Squares And Open L-Junctions, Mark M. Schira, Branka Spehar
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Scene segmentation depends on interaction between geometrical and photometric factors. It has been shown that reversals in contrast polarity at points of highest orientation discontinuity along closed contours significantly impair shape discrimination performance, while changes in contrast polarity at straight(er) contour segments do not have such deleterious effects (Spehar, 2002). Here we employ (semi) high resolution fMRI (1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm) to investigate the neuronal substrate underlying these perception effects. Stimuli consisted of simple elements (a) squares with contrast reversals along straight segments; (b) squares with contrast reversals in the corner (highest orientation discontinuity); (c) L-Junctions …
Evidence For Involvement Of The Insula In The Psychotropic Effects Of Thc In Humans: A Double-Blind, Randomized Pharmacological Mri Study, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Matthijs G. Bossong, Gerry Jager, Gert Kristo, Matthias J. P Van Osch, Fernando Zelaya, Rene S. Kahn, Nick F. Ramsey
Evidence For Involvement Of The Insula In The Psychotropic Effects Of Thc In Humans: A Double-Blind, Randomized Pharmacological Mri Study, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Matthijs G. Bossong, Gerry Jager, Gert Kristo, Matthias J. P Van Osch, Fernando Zelaya, Rene S. Kahn, Nick F. Ramsey
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The main reason for recreational use of cannabis is the 'high', the primary psychotropic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This psychoactive compound of cannabis induces a range of subjective, physical and mental reactions. The effect on heart rate is pronounced and complicates bloodflow-based neuroimaging of psychotropic effects of THC. In this study we investigated the effects of THC on baseline brain perfusion and activity in association with the induction of 'feeling high'. Twenty-three subjects participated in a pharmacological MRI study, where we applied arterial spin labelling (ASL) to measure perfusion, and resting-state functional MRI to assess blood oxygen level-dependent …
Examining The Protective Effects Of Brand Equity In The Keepin' It Real Substance Use Prevention Curriculum, Jeong Kyu Lee, Michael L. Hecht
Examining The Protective Effects Of Brand Equity In The Keepin' It Real Substance Use Prevention Curriculum, Jeong Kyu Lee, Michael L. Hecht
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
While branding appears to be an effective health prevention strategy, it is less clear how successful brands have protective effects. To better understand the role of branding in health prevention and promotion, it is necessary to examine how the persuasive mechanisms of branding function in health campaigns (e.g., modeling socially desirable behaviors). Using a cross-sectional data (N = 709), the current study uncovered the mechanisms explaining branding's effects on adolescent substance use in a school-based substance use intervention, keepin' it REAL (kiR) curriculum. Consistent with our predictions, a confirmatory factor analysis suggested that kiR brand equity had a higher-order, multidimensional …
Evaluating Mediated Perception Of Narrative Health Messages: The Perception Of Narrative Performance Scale, Jeong Kyu Lee, Michael L. Hecht, Michelle Miller-Day, Elvira Elek
Evaluating Mediated Perception Of Narrative Health Messages: The Perception Of Narrative Performance Scale, Jeong Kyu Lee, Michael L. Hecht, Michelle Miller-Day, Elvira Elek
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Narrative media health messages have proven effective in preventing adolescents' substance use but as yet few measures exist to assess perceptions of them. Without such a measure it is difficult to evaluate the role these messages play in health promotion or to differentiate them from other message forms. In response to this need, a study was conducted to evaluate the Perception of Narrative Performance Scale that assesses perceptions of narrative health messages. A sample of 1185 fifth graders in public schools at Phoenix, Arizona completed a questionnaire rating of two videos presenting narrative substance use prevention messages. Confirmatory factor analyses …
It's Not Just Researchers Who Need A New Agenda, Sandra C. Jones
It's Not Just Researchers Who Need A New Agenda, Sandra C. Jones
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
An extensive review of alcohol policy published in the Lancet concluded that: ‘Making alcohol more expensive and less available, and banning alcohol advertising, are highly cost effective strategies to reduce harm’. Unfortunately, calls to ban or restrict alcohol advertising (such as calls to increase price) have been rejected by governments in most countries. Thus, as Meier states, there is a need to provide evidence of the effects of alcohol advertising on young people in order to encourage the government to take action to reduce, or eliminate, the most harmful forms of alcohol promotion (which may, or may not, be ‘advertising’ …
Combining The Health Belief Model And Social Marketing To Develop A Community-Level Campaign About Asthma For Older Adults, Uwana Kimberley Evers, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Combining The Health Belief Model And Social Marketing To Develop A Community-Level Campaign About Asthma For Older Adults, Uwana Kimberley Evers, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This conceptual paper provides a rationale for combining health behaviour theory with a social marketing framework in order to develop a community-level asthma campaign for adults aged 55 years and older. The prevalence of asthma in older adults in Australia is approximately 10%, higher than in many other countries, and asthma mortality increases with age. In addition, older adults’ perceptions of asthma causes and treatments are often inaccurate. Many older adults believe that asthma is a childhood disease and that the effects of the condition are relatively minor and would not impact on daily life. In order to address these …