Education Commons^™

Undesirable Difficulty Effects In The Learning Of High-Element Interactivity Materials, Ouhao Chen, Juan Cristobal Castro-Alonso, Fred Paas, John Sweller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

According to the concept of desirable difficulties, introducing difficulties in learning may sacrifice short-term performance in order to benefit long-term retention of learning. We describe three types of desirable difficulty effects: testing, generation, and varied conditions of practice. The empirical literature indicates that desirable difficulty effects are not always obtained and we suggest that cognitive load theory may be used to explain many of these contradictory results. Many failures to obtain desirable difficulty effects may occur under conditions where working memory is already stressed due to the use of high element interactivity information. Under such conditions, the introduction of additional …

Shores: Sharks, Nets And More-Than-Human Territory In Eastern Australia, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In Australia, for eight months of each year Sydney's most popular beaches are laced with fishing nets. Stretching 150 metres (492 feet) across, and set within 500 metres (1,640 feet) of the shore, the nets are anchored off fifty-one beaches between Newcastle in the north and Wollongong in the south. The aim of the Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program NSW is to reduce the risk of dangerous encounters between sharks and people, and specifically to deter sharks from establishing territories (Department of Primary Industries NSW 2009, 2015). Program managers achieve such ends by devising and deploying tools and employing people …

Inclination Towards Research And The Pursuit Of A Research Career Among Medical Students: An International Cohort Study, Tam C. Ha, Sheryl Ng, Cynthia Chen, Sook Kwin Yong, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Say Beng Tan, Rahul Malhotra, Fernando Altermatt, Arnfinn Seim, Aya Biderman, Torres Woolley, Truls Ostbye

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Involvement of clinicians in biomedical research is imperative for the future of healthcare. Several factors influence clinicians' inclination towards research: the medical school experience, exposure to research article reading and writing, and knowledge of research. This cohort study follows up medical students at time of graduation to explore changes in their inclination towards research and pursuing a research career compared to their inclination at time of entry into medical school. Methods: Students from medical schools in six different countries were enrolled in their first year of school and followed-up upon graduation in their final year. Students answered the same …

The Predominant Learning Approaches Of Medical Students, Sonali P. Chonkar, Tam C. Ha, Sarah Chu, Ada X. Ng, Melissa Lim, Tat X. Ee, Mor J. Ng, Kok H. Tan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background By identifying medical students’ learning approaches and the factors that influence students’ learning approaches, medical schools and health care institutions are better equipped to intervene and optimize their learning experience. The aims of our study is to determine the predominant learning approach amongst medical students on a clinical posting in a hospital in Singapore and to examine the demographic factors that affect their learning approach. Methods The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) questionnaire was administered to 250 medical students from various medical schools on clinical attachment to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) department of KK Women’s …

‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background ‘Transactional sex’, defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women’s desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationship between transactional sex and consumption patterns among young women in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. In …

People With Disability In Libya Are A Medicalised Minority: Findings Of A Scoping Review, Anne Cusick, Rania M. Hamed El Sahly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study used a scoping review methodology to identify, collate and summarise published literature relating to people with disability in Libya. Most sources came from peak international agencies, some from humanitarian agency media releases, a few were Libyan government reports and very little from scholarly journals. Four themes summarize findings and provide a means to examine assumptions regarding people with disability in Libya: (1) scant data and information gaps are the norm; (2) disability is a medical problem to be managed; (3) acquisition context matters: conflict versus non-conflict disability; and (4) disability human rights - social model on paper but …

Community Mobilization To Modify Harmful Gender Norms And Reduce Hiv Risk: Results From A Community Cluster Randomized Trial In South Africa, Audrey Pettifor, Sheri Lippman, Ann Gottert, Chirayath Suchindran, Amanda Selin, Dean Peacock, Suzanne Maman, Dumisani Rebombo, Rhian Twine, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Community mobilization (CM) is increasingly recognized as critical to generating changes in social norms and behaviours needed to achieve reductions in HIV. We conducted a CM intervention to modify negative gender norms, particularly among men, in order to reduce associated HIV risk.

Methods: Twenty two villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio‐Demographic Surveillance Site in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa were randomized to either a theory‐based, gender transformative, CM intervention or no intervention. Two cross‐sectional, population‐based surveys were conducted in 2012 (pre‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 581 men) and 2014 (post‐intervention, n = 600 women; n …

Early Childhood Media Exposure And Self-Regulation: Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations, Dylan P. Cliff, Steven J. Howard, Jenny Radesky, Jade Mcneill, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To investigate: 1) prospective associations between media exposure (television viewing, computers, and electronic games) at 2 years and self-regulation at 4 and 6 years, and 2) bidirectional associations between media exposure and self-regulation at 4 and 6 years. We hypothesized that media exposure and self-regulation would show a negative prospective association and subsequent bidirectional inverse associations. Methods: Data from the nationally-representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children when children were aged 2 years (n = 2786) and 4/6 years (n = 3527) were used. Primary caregivers reported children's weekly electronic media exposure. A composite measure of self-regulation was computed from …

"Fitting Into The Teaching Profession": Supervising Teachers' Judgements During The Practicum, Lynn D. Sheridan, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study explores supervising teachers' judgements about pre-service teachers during a practicum experience. Making judgements is a complex, subjective process with judgements being conscious and intuitive, influenced by individual beliefs, contextual expectations and personal learning biographies. This research draws on Social Judgement Theory to guide the analysis of data collected from interviews with experienced supervising teachers. Analysis indicated that the supervisors placed most emphasis on 'personal qualities' of pre-service teachers. This has implications for the selection of candidates for teaching, the importance of non-academic capabilities in teaching and the development of pre-service teachers' personal qualities within initial teacher education programs.

Does Partner Selection Mediate The Relationship Between School Attendance And Hiv/Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Among Adolescent Girls And Young Women In South Africa: An Analysis Of Hiv Prevention Trials Network 068 Data, Marie Stoner, Jessie Edwards, William Miller, Allison Aiello, Carolyn Halpern, Aimee Julien, Katherine B. Rucinski, Amanda Selin, Rhian Twine, James Hughes, Jing Wang, Yaw Agyei, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Ryan Wagner, Oliver Laeyendecker, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: School attendance prevents HIV and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship remain unclear. Our study assesses the extent to which characteristics of sex partners, partner age, and number mediate the relationship between attendance and risk of infection in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa.

Design: We use longitudinal data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 randomized controlled trial in rural South Africa, where girls were enrolled in early adolescence and followed in the main trial for more than 3 years. We examined older …

Acute Eeg Patterns Associated With Transient Ischemic Attack, Jeffrey M. Rogers, Jacob Bechara, Sandy Middleton, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS) 2018. Background. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is characterized by stroke-like neurologic signs and symptoms in the absence of demonstrable structural neuropathology. There is no test for TIA, with classification often reliant on subjective, retrospective report. Functional brain measures such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) may be helpful in objectively detecting and describing the pathophysiology of TIA, but this has not been adequately examined. Methods. EEG was obtained from a single electrode over the left frontal lobe during 3-minute resting-state and auditory oddball conditions administered to consecutive patients within 72 hours of admission to the acute …

Gender Differences In The Relationship Of Weight-Based Stigmatisation With Motivation To Exercise And Physical Activity In Overweight Individuals, Krystal Sattler, Frank P. Deane, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter James Kelly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Author(s) 2018. Weight stigma is related to lower levels of motivation to exercise in overweight and obesity. This study explored the nature of the relationship between stigma, motivation to exercise and physical activity while accounting for gender differences. Participants were 439 adults with overweight and obesity (mean body mass index = 32.18 kg/m2, standard deviation = 4.09 kg/m2). Females reported significantly more frequent stigma experiences than males. Mediation models found a conditional direct effect of weight stigma for males, with higher frequency of stigma experiences related to higher levels of walking and vigorous physical activity. A conditional indirect effect …

What Do Your Earliest Childhood Memories Say About You?, Penny Van Bergen, Amy L. Bird, Rebecca Andrews

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Support To Enhance Level Of Implementation In Physical Activity Interventions: An Observational Study, Karel Strooband, Rebecca M. Stanley, Anthony D. Okely, Rachel A. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018, Early Childhood Australia Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO DESCRIBE the level of implementation (LOI) of the Jump Start study, and examine the relationship between LOI changes and the support types provided to early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres. Direct observations were conducted in 21 ECEC centres at six months and 12 months after the start of the intervention. Each centre's LOI percentage was calculated and classified into high, medium or low implementers using objective criteria. Support strategies were determined by LOI at first observation. Pearson correlations between the support types and LOI were calculated using …

International Field Placements: The Models Australian Social Work Programmes Are Currently Using, Mim Fox, Richard Hugman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

IInternational field placements have become increasingly common in Australian social work programmes. This article looks at the models of organising international placements, in sending or receiving social work students. Four such models are identified: informal linkages for individual students, linkages between Australian social work programmes, formalised university to university agreements and formalised university to agency agreements. Although there appears to be a preference for formalised ongoing relationships between institutions in different countries, drawing on all four models as appropriate and feasible will enable everyone involved in international placements to achieve the most positive practice possible.

Usability Of Food And Beverage Packs In Hospital - Experiences From The Renal Ward, Alison F. Bell, Karen L. Walton, Kelly Lambert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging, 19-22 June 2018, Zhuhai, China

Sound Tracks Of The Black Pacific: Music, Identity And Resilience In Australian South Sea Islander Communities, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon, Michael Webb

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Australian South Sea Islanders, the descendants of the Melanesians from (primarily) Vanuatu and Solomon Islands who were 'blackbirded' to Queensland and New South Wales (1847-1904) for their labour, have, through music and dance practices, come to identify as part of a global black 'transnation'. Studies of the 'Black Atlantic' point both to the transnational character of slavery and the importance of music as a medium of resistance. This article proposes that Australian South Sea Islanders' musical cultures might usefully be understood in terms of a parallel concept, the 'Black Pacific', in relation to which the Pacific's colonised and decolonised peoples …

Low Levels Of After School-Hours Social Interaction And Physical Activity Of 5-7 Year Olds, Anita C. Bundy, Lina Engelen, Geraldine A. Naughton, Shirley Wyver

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As part of a cluster randomized controlled trial (Bundy et al., 2017), the after school-hours activities of 5-7 year old children were recorded by parents and other adult carers on four consecutive weekdays between 3:30pm-7:00pm. Records of time use showed most time was spent indoors in activities involving low levels of physical activity. The most-frequently-recorded activity was screen time, accounting for approximately one quarter of all activities. Higher levels of physical activity were reported when children were outdoors (19.5% of time) and/or with peers (9.58%). If an adult was present, highest activity levels of children occurred when the child was …

Lessons From The Aboriginal Riverkeeper Team Project, Georges River, Sydney, Vanessa I. Cavanagh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Aboriginal Riverkeeper Team (ART) project operated within Sydney's Georges River catchment between 2014-2017. The project employed an Aboriginal project manager, and a team supervisor (non-Indigenous) to lead a small, full-time team of Aboriginal trainees. The eight trainees gained qualified in Certificate II Conservation and Land Management (CLM), and four of these trainees completed Cert. III Indigenous Land Management (ILM). The project incorporated strong Aboriginal cultural components through engagement with Local Aboriginal Land Councils (LALCs), Elders and knowledge holders. The project involved numerous partners and was funded by the Australian Government. The project was delivered by consultants Eco Logical Australia …

Rupaul's Drag Race Is Still Figuring Out How To Handle Gender And Race, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

For a reality TV show about a queer subculture, RuPaul's Drag Race has achieved extraordinary success. In the show, which winds up another series this Friday, drag queens compete to be named "America's Next Drag Superstar". Across 13 seasons (including three of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars) it has graduated from niche programming on the LGBT cable station Logo to a mainstream, award-winning hit on the widely viewed VH1. In Australia, the show streams on Stan and is often highlighted as a drawcard in its ad campaigns. The show's wit and glamour go some way to explaining this success. Just …

The Problem: Knowing, Using And Conserving The Wild, Michael J. Adams, Meera Anna Oommen, Aarthi Sridher

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Human engagements with nature are expressed through an extensive range of cultural forms that are dynamic, complex and often defy singular logics and ethical approaches. Whether traditional or modern, biocentric or utilitarian, societies continue these engagements along several axes that include but are not limited to protection, veneration, killing and subjugation. The Indian scenario too is an equally diverse one. Its wide array of human communities celebrate an equally vast variety of close engagements with species that range from reverence to destruction. However, being the second most populous nation with one of the fastest growing economies on the planet, India …

Authors' Response To Letter To The Editor: Anzjph‐2017‐248, Josephine Chau, Tien Chey, Sarah Burks-Young, Lina Engelen, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Authors' response to Letter to the Editor

Unhealthy Food And Non-Alcoholic Beverage Advertising On Children's, Youth And Family Free-To-Air And Digital Television Programmes In Thailand, Nongnuch Jaichuen, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Bridget Kelly, Vuthiphan Vongmongkol, Sirinya Phulkerd, Viroj Tangcharoensathien

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Food advertising is a key factor which influences children's food preferences. This study assessed the rates, nutritional quality and contents of food and beverage advertising in children's, youth and family television programmes in Thailand. Methods: Free TV was recorded for two weeks in March 2014 from six to ten am and three to eight pm on weekends and three to eight pm on weekdays across all four channels; a total of 344 h recorded. Digital TV was recorded across three channels for one week for 24 h per day in October 2014; a total 504 h recorded. Results: For …

Domain-Specific Physical Activity And Affective Wellbeing Among Adolescents: An Observational Study Of The Moderating Roles Of Autonomous And Controlled Motivation, Rhiannon L. White, Philip Parker, David R. Lubans, Freya Macmillan, Rebecca Olson, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Chris Lonsdale

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Abundant evidence demonstrates a relationship between physical activity and mental wellbeing. However, the strength of the relationship is not consistent. Factors contributing to variation in the strength of association are not well understood and, therefore, it remains difficult to optimize physical activity to ensure the strongest possible relationship with mental health. Self-determination theory suggests that more autonomously motivated behaviors lead to better mental health outcomes, when compared to more controlled behaviors. Therefore, we examined whether autonomous and controlled motivation moderated the relationships between physical activity and affective wellbeing within two domains (i.e., leisure-time and active travel). Methods: Between February …

Food Insecurity Among Older Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders, Jeromey Temple, Joanna Russell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It is well established that Indigenous populations are at a heightened risk of food insecurity. Yet, although populations (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) are ageing, little is understood about the levels of food insecurity experienced by older Indigenous peoples. Using Australian data, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Using nationally representative data, we employed ordinal logistic regression models to investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and food insecurity. We found that 21% of the older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population were food insecure, with 40% of this group exposed …

Constructions Of Alcohol Consumption By Non-Problematised Middle-Aged Drinkers: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Emma Muhlack, Drew Carter, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, Nicholas Morfidis, Jaklin Eliott

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Current research into alcohol consumption focuses predominantly on problematic drinkers and populations considered likely to engage in risky behaviours. Middle-aged drinkers are an under-researched group, despite emerging evidence that their regular drinking patterns may carry some risk. Methods We searched Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Ovid PsycInfo for peer-reviewed, English-language publications appearing prior to 31 December 2015 and relating to the construction of alcohol consumption by middle-aged non-problematised drinkers. Thirteen papers were included in our thematic analysis. Results Middle-aged non-problematised drinkers constructed their drinking practices by creating a narrative of normative drinking via discourses of gender, identity, play, and learning …

Importance Of Welfare And Ethics Competence Regarding Animals Kept For Scientific Purposes To Veterinary Students In Australia And New Zealand, Teresa Collins, Amelia Cornish, Jennifer Hood, Christopher J. Degeling, Andrew D. Fisher, Rafael Freire, Susan J. Hazel, Jane Johnson, Janice Lloyd, Clive J. C Phillips, Vicky Tzioumis, Paul Mcgreevy

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Veterinarians are in a strong position of social influence on animal-related issues. Hence, veterinary schools have an opportunity to raise animal health and welfare standards by improving veterinary students' animal welfare and ethics (AWE) education, including that related to animals used for scientific purposes. A survey of 818 students in the early, mid, and senior stages of their courses at all eight veterinary schools across Australia and New Zealand was undertaken on their first day of practice (or Day One Competences) to explore how veterinary students viewed the importance of their competence in the management of welfare and ethical decision-making …

Improving Interns' Patient-Physician Communication Skills: Application Of Self-Efficacy Theory, A Pilot Study, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, Saeideh Ghaffarifar, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Amirhossein Akbarzadeh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aim: This quasi-experimental study explored application of the self-efficacy theory in improving self-efficacy, communication skills and patient satisfaction among medical interns. Methods: This study was conducted among 70 medical intern students. Being selected by human judgment and homogenous sampling method, participants were assigned into control and intervention groups. Participants in the invention group received an e-book, two one-on-one training sessions and feedback on their shared experiences in group discussions by peers. The Kirkpatrick model was applied to evaluate the intervention. Participants' knowledge, self-efficacy and communication skills as well as their patients' satisfaction were assessed. Data from self and observational assessments …

A Checklist For Managed Access Programmes For Reimbursement Co-Designed By Canadian Patients And Caregivers, Andrea Young, Devidas Menon, Jacqueline M. Street, Walla Al-Hertani, Tania Stafinski

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Reimbursement decisions on orphan drugs carry significant uncertainty, and as the amount increases, so does the risk of making a wrong decision, where harms outweigh benefits. Consequently, patients often face limited access to orphan drugs. Managed access programmes (MAPs) are a mechanism for managing risk while enabling access to potentially beneficial drugs. Patients and their caregivers have expressed support for these programmes and see patient input as critical to successful implementation. However, they have yet to be systematically involved in their design. Objective: The aim of this study was to co-design with patients and caregivers a tool for the …

Rebel Music: The Protest Songs Of New Caledonia's Independence Referendum, Michael Webb, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

On November 4, New Caledonians will go to the polls to vote for either continued French governance, or independence.