Education Commons^™

Mental Health Presentations To Acute Psychiatric Services: 3-Year Study Of Prevalence And Readmission Risk For Personality Disorders Compared With Psychotic, Affective, Substance Or Other Disorders, Kate L. Lewis, Mahnaz Fanaian, Beth Kotze, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background The relative burden and risk of readmission for people with personality disorders in hospital settings is unknown. Aims To compare hospital use of people with personality disorder with that of people with other mental health diagnoses, such as psychoses and affective disorders. Method Naturalistic study of hospital presentations for mental health in a large community catchment. Mixed-effects Cox regression and survival curves were generated to examine risk of readmission for each group. Results Of 2894 people presenting to hospital, patients with personality disorder represented 20.5% of emergency and 26.6% of in-patients. Patients with personality disorder or psychoses were 2.3 …

Caffeine Affects Children's Erps And Performance In An Equiprobable Go/No-Go Task: Testing A Processing Schema, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio, Jack Fogarty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Caffeine's stimulant properties were used to test a proposed processing schema for children's processing stages in the equiprobable auditory go/no-go task. Active control-related ERP components were hypothesized to be differentially enhanced by caffeine. Caffeine (80 mg) was administered in a counterbalanced, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 24 children, aged 8-12 years. Four blocks of an equiprobable auditory go/no-go task were completed on each of two occasions, while on or off caffeine. ERP data sets from each condition (caffeine/go, placebo/go, caffeine/no-go, placebo/no-go) were subjected to separate temporal PCAs with extraction and varimax rotation of all components. Caffeine significantly reduced reaction …

Remembering In The Context Of Internal States: The Role Of Sleep For Infant Memory, Sabine Seehagen, Norbert Zmyj, Jane S. Herbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research with adults has shown that a person's internal context, or state, influences how memory functions. This factor is rarely considered in research on infant memory, in part because of the practical and ethical difficulties of manipulating these variables in infants. In this article, we argue that models of infant memory will remain limited in scope and accuracy if the internal context of participants is not considered. As a case in point, we present emerging literature on sleep-dependent memory. Our review shows that for infants, timely sleep after a learning experience helps them retain and further process new memories. Studies …

Strategies To Improve Dietary, Fluid, Dialysis Or Medication Adherence In Patients With End Stage Kidney Disease On Dialysis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Intervention Trials, Karumathil Murali, Judy Mullan, Steven J. Roodenrys, Hicham Ibrahim Cheikh Hassan, Kelly Lambert, Maureen A. Lonergan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Parental Involvement In Decision-Making About Their Child's Health Care At The Hospital, Antje Aarthun, Knut Oymar, Kristin Akerjordet

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aim: To explore parents' experiences on parental involvement in decision-making about their child's health care at the hospital and to identify how health professionals can improve parental involvement. Design: An explorative descriptive qualitative study within a constructivist research paradigm. Methods: Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 parents. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: This study gives unique insight into how parental involvement in children's healthcare decisions influence parents' ability to cope with the parental role at the hospital. The results showed that parents' competence and perceived influence and control over their child's health care appeared …

Developing Attentional Control In Naturalistic Dynamic Road Crossing Situations, Victoria Nicholls, Geraldine Jean-Charles, Junpeng Lao, Peter De Lissa, Roberto Caldara, Sebastien R. Miellet

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the last 20 years, there has been increasing interest in studying visual attentional processes under more natural conditions. In the present study, we propose to determine the critical age at which children show similar to adult performance and attentional control in a visually guided task; in a naturalistic dynamic and socially relevant context: road crossing. We monitored visual exploration and crossing decisions in adults and children aged between 5 and 15 while they watched road traffic videos containing a range of traffic densities with or without pedestrians. 5-10 year old (y/o) children showed less systematic gaze patterns. More specifically, …

Pharmacists And Patients Sharing Decisions About Medicines: Development And Feasibility Of A Conversation Guide, Kristie Weir, Carissa Bonner, Kirsten Mccaffery, Vasi Naganathan, Stacy M. Carter, Debbie Rigby, Lyndal Trevena, Andrew J. Mclachlan, Jesse Jansen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In Australia, the Home Medicines Review (HMR) is a nationally-funded program, led by pharmacists to optimize medication use for older people. A Medicines Conversation Guide was developed for pharmacists to use in the context of a HMR. The Guide aims to increase patient involvement and support discussions about: general health understanding, decision-making and information preferences, health priorities related to medicines, patient goals and fears, views on important activities and trade-offs.

Objective: This study describes the development and feasibility testing of a Medicines Conversation Guide in HMRs with pharmacists and older patients.

Methods: The Guide was developed using a systematic …

Sms Sos: A Randomized Controlled Trial To Reduce Self-Harm And Suicide Attempts Using Sms Text Messaging, Garry J. Stevens, Trent Hammond, Suzanne Brownhill, Manish Anand, Anabel De La Riva, Jean Hawkins, Tristan Chapman, Richard Baldacchino, Jo Micallef, Jagadeesh Andepalli, Anita Kotak, Naren Gunja, Andrew Page, Grahame V. Gould, Christopher Ryan, Ian Whyte, Gregory L. Carter, Alison L. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Hospital-treated deliberate self-harm (DSH) is common, costly and has high repetition rates. Since brief contact interventions (BCIs) may reduce the risk of DSH repetition, we aim to evaluate whether a SMS (Short Message Service) text message Intervention plus Treatment As Usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone will reduce hospital DSH re-presentation rates in Western Sydney public hospitals in Australia. Methods/design: Our study is a 24-month randomized controlled trial (RCT). Adult patients who present with DSH to hospital emergency, psychiatric, and mental health triage and assessment departments will be randomly assigned to an Intervention condition plus TAU receiving nine SMS …

Effects Of Self-Assessment Feedback On Self-Assessment And Task-Selection Accuracy, Steven F. Raaijmakers, Martine Baars, Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G Van Merrienboer, Tamara Van Gog

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Effective self-regulated learning in settings in which students can decide what tasks to work on, requires accurate self-assessment (i.e., a judgment of own level of performance) as well as accurate task selection (i.e., choosing a subsequent task that fits the current level of performance). Because self-assessment accuracy is often low, task-selection accuracy suffers as well and, consequently, self-regulated learning can lead to suboptimal learning outcomes. Recent studies have shown that a training with video modeling examples enhanced self-assessment accuracy on problem-solving tasks, but the training was not equally effective for every student and, overall, there was room for further improvement …

Vascular Effects On The Bold Response And The Retinotopic Mapping Of Hv4, H Boyd Taylor, Alexander M. Puckett, Zoey J. Isherwood, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite general acceptance that the retinotopic organisation of human V4 (hV4) takes the form of a single, uninterrupted ventral hemifield, measured retinotopic maps of this visual area are often incomplete. Here, we test hypotheses that artefact from draining veins close to hV4 cause inverted BOLD responses that may serve to obscure a portion of the lower visual quarterfield-including the lower vertical meridian-in some hemispheres. We further test whether correcting such responses can restore the 'missing' retinotopic coverage in hV4. Subjects (N = 10) viewed bowtie, ring, drifting bar and full field flash stimuli. Functional EPIs were acquired over approximately 1.5h …

People Living In Rural Areas May Be At Lower Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

People who live in regional or remote areas may be at lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, according to our recent research. Using data from more 260,000 adults in New South Wales who were aged 45 and over, we found those living in regional or remote areas of the state had a 6% to 19% lower risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease over 11 years, compared with their city counterparts.

School-University Partnerships In Australia: A Systematic Literature Review, Corinne Green, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Michelle J. Eady

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Across Australia and around the world, school-university partnerships have been advocated by researchers and policymakers as a means of bridging the perceived theory-practice divide for which teacher education programs have been criticised. A range of literature exists that explores school-university partnerships either from a theoretical perspective, or grounded in specific examples. As these pieces of research typically provide an overview of school-university partnerships in general, or rely on findings from one or two partnerships, a broad understanding of partnerships and the research gaps that remain can be difficult to ascertain. This paper presents a systematic literature review to provide collective …

Exposure To Domestic Violence During Adolescence: Coping Strategies And Attachment Styles As Early Moderators And Their Relationship To Functioning During Adulthood, Linda Hui Gin Pang, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to domestic violence during adolescence on an individual's psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the long-term role of different coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, as potential moderators in the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and an individual's functioning during adulthood. A total of 218 adult participants completed measures regarding exposure to domestic violence, engagement in coping strategies, and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, and psychological health, ability to …

Increasing Tree Cover May Be Like A 'Superfood' For Community Mental Health, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasing tree canopy and green cover across Greater Sydney and increasing the proportion of homes in urban areas within 10 minutes' walk of quality green, open and public space are among the New South Wales premier's new priorities. Cities around Australia have similar goals. In our latest study, we asked if more of any green space will do? Or does the type of green space matter for our mental health?

A Protocol For A Discrete Choice Experiment: Understanding Patient Medicine Preferences For Managing Chronic Non-Cancer Pain, Marian D. Shanahan, Briony K. Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Milton Cohen, Maria Schaffer, Gabrielle Campbell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: High rates of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), concerns about adverse effects including dependence among those prescribed potent pain medicines, the recent evidence supporting active rather than passive management strategies and a lack of funding for holistic programme have resulted in challenges around decision making for treatment among clinicians and their patients. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are one way of assessing and valuing treatment preferences. Here, we outline a protocol for a study that assesses patient preferences for CNCP treatment.

Methods and analysis: A final list of attributes (and their levels) for the DCE was generated using a detailed iterative …

Riots In West Papua: Why Indonesia Needs To Answer For Its Broken Promises, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Last weekend, the Indonesian police took 43 West Papuan students into custody for allegedly disrespecting the Indonesian flag during an independence day celebration (an allegation the students deny). Police stormed the students' dorm and used teargas to force them out, while bystanders and officers called them "monkeys", a derogatory term for ethnically Melanesian Papuans. West Papuans have long been cast by Indonesians as primitive people from the Stone Age, and this racist treatment continues to this day. West Papuan author Filep Karma described the extent of racism against West Papuans in his 2014 book, As If We Are Half-Animal: Indonesia's …

Association Of Urban Green Space With Mental Health And General Health Among Adults In Australia, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Importance: Recent studies indicate that living near more green space may support mental and general health and may also prevent depression. However, most studies are cross-sectional, and few have considered whether some types of green space matter more for mental health.

Objective: To assess whether total green space or specific types of green space are associated with better mental health.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included a residentially stable, city-dwelling sample of 46786 participants from Sydney, Wollongong, and Newcastle, Australia, in the baseline of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (data collected from January 1, 2006, to …

Single Portion Packaging And The Use Of User Test Protocols To Determine Patient Accessibility, Alaster Yoxall, Alison F. Bell, K Gee, Caroline Lecko

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2015, the UK National Health Service (NHS) established a taskforce to review single portion food and beverage packaging, which has been identified as a potential challenge to users in hospitals. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the suitability and accessibility of the current single portion packs. The packaging was assessed using ISO 17480 (Guidelines for Accessible Packaging), Annex D. The standard determines a pass or fail of packaging opening asking a panel 20 older adults to open a pack. A pack is recorded as a failure if within the 20 people cohort, there is an example of pack …

Investigating The Mediators And Moderators Of Child Body Mass Index Change In The Time2bhealthy Childhood Obesity Prevention Program For Parents Of Preschool-Aged Children, Megan L. Hammersley, Anthony D. Okely, Marijka Batterham, Rachel A. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore factors which mediated or moderated the effect of the Time2bHealthy online program for parents of preschool-aged children on body mass index (BMI) change. Study design: Mediation and moderation analyses of data from a two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. Methods: Randomisation was conducted after baseline measures. The intervention group received an 11-week online program, and the comparison group received emailed links to information from an evidence-based parenting website. Data on the primary outcome (child BMI), potential mediators (energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, discretionary food intake, physical activity, screen-time, sleep, child feeding, …

Engaging With Bourdieu's Theory Of Practice: An Empirical Tool For Exploring School Students' Technology Practice, Tiffani L. Apps, Karley A. Beckman, Sue Bennett

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article presents Bourdieu's theory of practice as a tool for exploring school students' technology practice in empirical research. The authors provide educational technology researchers with an accessible introduction to the theory of practice. They then detail the conceptual, methodological and analytic application of the theory of practice in two educational technology studies. The application of the theory in the two studies highlights the potential of the sociological framing for informing a robust critical research agenda and understanding the circumstances that can contribute to digital inequalities. Practically, knowledge gained through theoretically informed research is critical for researchers, governments, schools and …

Comparing Neuropsychological Performance In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Healthy Controls: An Online Study, Olivia Winkworth, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aims: Both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and adult attention deficit hyperactivity. disorder (ADHD) are associated with neuropsychological underperformance, however few studies have directly compared neuropsychological performance between individuals with OCD versus those with ADHD. Additionally, previous studies have often included participants with comorbid conditions including depression, which may confound results.

Method: Adults with existing diagnoses of OCD (n = 20) or ADHD (n = 71) without comorbid disorders, and controls (n = 63) completed online measures of symptoms of OCD, ADHD and depressive symptoms, and tasks assessing executive functions, working memory, inhibition and attention using an online cognitive testing platform. Analyses …

A Sound Track To Ecological Crisis: Tracing Guitars All The Way Back To The Tree, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Analyses of music and environment are proliferating, yet new conceptions are needed to make sense of growing ecological crisis in the Anthropocene. From an empirical project tracing guitars all the way back to the tree, I argue for deeper conceptual and empirical integration of music into the material and visceral processes that constitute ecological crisis itself. Musicians are not only inspired by environmental concerns for compositional or activist purposes. They are entangled in environmental crisis through material and embodied relations with ecosystems, especially via the musical instruments we depend upon. I foreground three 'more-than-musical' themes to make sense of unfurling …

The Material Politics Of Smart Building Energy Management: A View From Sydney's Commercial Office Space, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling, Chantel A. Carr

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The potential of cities in leveraging energy transformation is increasingly recognised, with a growing focus on urban built environments. In this paper we focus on smart building energy management as an increasingly pivotal material means through which energy transformation comes to matter in cities, and through which buildings are politicised in the negotiation of energy transformation. We advance a material political analysis of the case of Sydney's premium commercial office building sector to explore how such buildings are conferred with political capacity. We explicitly extend this material politics framework to pluralise the 'whereabouts' of the politics of energy transformation, expanding …

'Learning To Leave' Or 'Striving To Stay': Considering The Desires And Decisions Of Rural Young People In Relation To Post-Schooling Futures, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Erica Southgate, Ann Jardine, Janine Delahunty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article presents an examination of how rural young people contemplate their post-schooling futures and how understandings of mobility inform this decision making. While the 'push' and 'pull' of rural living has been documented in the literature, rarely has this drawn on the combined perspectives of rural high school students and teachers. Drawing upon interviews and video transcripts created with rural young people and combined with teacher focus groups, this article provides nuanced insight into the complex and negotiated nature of decisions, desires and dreams about life after school. The data has been drawn from a research project that worked …

Nature Conservation And Nature-Based Tourism: A Paradox?, Isabelle D. Wolf, David B. Croft, Ronda J. Green

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Throughout the world, areas have been reserved for their exceptional environmental values, such as high biodiversity. Financial, political and community support for these protected areas is often dependent on visitation by nature-based tourists. This visitation inevitably creates environmental impacts, such as the construction and maintenance of roads, tracks and trails; trampling of vegetation and erosion of soils; and propagation of disturbance of resilient species, such as weeds. This creates tension between the conservation of environmental values and visitation. This review examines some of the main features of environmental impacts by nature-based tourists through a discussion of observational and manipulative studies. …

Grounded Theory And Empirical Ethics, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Building on the success of the bestselling The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory (2007), this title provides a much-needed and up-to-date overview, integrating some revised and updated chapters with new ones exploring recent developments in grounded theory and research methods in general. The highly acclaimed editors have once again brought together a team of key academics from a wide range of disciplines, perspectives and countries. This is a method-defining resource for advanced students and researchers across the social sciences. Chapters are arranged around the following parts: Part One: The Grounded Theory Method: 50 Years On; Part Two: Theories and Theorizing …

'Those Are The Things That We Need To Be Talking About': The Impact Of Learning About The History Of Racial Oppression During Ghana Study Abroad, Katarzyna J. Olcon, Rose Pulliam, Dorie Gilbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article examined what U.S. college students who participated in a Ghana study abroad program learned about the history of racial oppression and the meaning-making that resulted from that knowledge. Based on inductive thematic analysis of a variety of qualitative data sources, four themes were identified: (1) the suffering and resilience of African and African descent people; (2) 'it's still happening today'; (3) 'you don't learn about that in school'; and (4) remembrance, equity, and healing. Students expressed frustration with the U.S. education system which 'breezes through' the topics of slavery and colonialism. As connections between the past and present …

Cognitive Architecture And Instructional Design: 20 Years Later, John Sweller, Jeroen J. G Van Merrienboer, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cognitive load theory was introduced in the 1980s as an instructional design theory based on several uncontroversial aspects of human cognitive architecture. Our knowledge of many of the characteristics of working memory, long-term memory and the relations between them had been well-established for many decades prior to the introduction of the theory. Curiously, this knowledge had had a limited impact on the field of instructional design with most instructional design recommendations proceeding as though working memory and long-term memory did not exist. In contrast, cognitive load theory emphasised that all novel information first is processed by a capacity and duration …

Supporting Self-Regulated Learning In Online Learning Environments And Moocs: A Systematic Review, Jacqueline Wong, Martine Baars, Dan Davis, Tim Van Der Zee, Geert-Jan Houben, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) allow learning to take place anytime and anywhere with little external monitoring by teachers. Characteristically, highly diverse groups of learners enrolled in MOOCs are required to make decisions related to their own learning activities to achieve academic success. Therefore, it is considered important to support self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and adapt to relevant human factors (e.g., gender, cognitive abilities, prior knowledge). SRL supports have been widely investigated in traditional classroom settings, but little is known about how SRL can be supported in MOOCs. Very few experimental studies have been conducted in MOOCs at present. To …

Parenting And Personality Disorder: An Overview And Meta-Synthesis Of Systematic Reviews, Kayla Steele, Michelle L. Townsend, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background/Objectives: Maladaptive parenting (including childhood maltreatment, abuse and neglect) has been implicated in the scientific literature exploring the aetiology of personality disorder, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD). Our primary objective was to summarise the evidence on the relationship between parenting and personality disorder, assisting clinical decision-makers to translate this research into clinical policy and practice.

Methods: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews that assessed individuals with personality disorder pathology for experiences of maladaptive parenting, compared to psychiatric or healthy comparisons/controls, and the impact on psychopathological and relational outcomes. Systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, …