Education Commons^™

Ec95-819 Estate Planning For Farm And Ranch Families: Information For Your Legal And Tax Advisers, Paul H. Gessaman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one in a series of Cooperative Extension publications providing information and background for estate planning by persons operating Nebraska's farms and ranches. Titles of documents in the series are listed at the end. Reading the documents in this series will improve your understanding of estate planning tools and alternatives, and will make it easier to communicate with your attorney, accountant, and other helpers when your estate plan is prepared.

Rp95-568 Alternative Financial/Organizational Structures Of Farm And Agribusiness Firms, Michael Boehlje, David Lins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The range of options for organizing and financing a business has expanded considerably in recent years as innovations in financial markets created new alternatives to meet the varied needs of business managers.

The purpose of this publication is twofold: (1) to provide a comprehensive listing of organizational and financing options for farm and agribusiness firms, and (2) to explain the circumstances under which these various options are likely to be most useful.

Ec95-817 Nebraska Agricultural Producers Preferences For National Agriculture, And Food Policy After 1995, A.L. (Roy) Frederick, Glenn A. Helmers, Steven L. Elmore

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Farmers' preferences are important in the development of farm bills. In that spirit, the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the Nebraska Agricultural Statistics Service recently asked a random sample of agricultural producers about their preferences for the 1995 farm bill. Similar surveys were undertaken in 1984 and 1989, prior to the last two farm bills. Each Nebraska survey was part of a larger, national effort. This year, 15 states, scattered across all regions of the United States, participated.

The purpose of this report is to summarize Nebraska producers' views on key issues likely to be …

Ec94-811 Older Nebraskans: Patterns And Changes In Nebraska, 1970-1990, John C. Allen, Jian Wu

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The number of Americans 65 and older increased rapidly in the last 20 years. Nationwide, the growth rate was 27 percent between 1970 and 1980 and 22 percent between 1980 and 1990. In each decade the number of older adults grew more than twice as fast as the general population.

This circular discusses this population increase of the older Nebraska generation by county, towns, and cities.

Ec94-807 A Measure Of Agribusiness On Nebraska's Economy, R.G. Taylor, Charles Lamphear, Karl H. Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In 1990, agribusiness in Nebraska sold over $14.9 billion in goods and services, employed over 121,000 workers, paid an estimate $3.6 billion in wages and salaries and contributed $4.5 billion to value added. Moreover, agribusiness' total direct and indirect contribution to Nebraska's economy in 1990 was close to 250,000 jobs, with an estimated payroll of nearly $6 billion. This extension circular discusses the contributions that agribusiness has made to the Nebraska economy.

Ec94-810 Increasing Racial And Ethnic Diversity Of Nebraska, John C. Allen, Jian Wu

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

During the last decade, minority population in Nebraska increased rapidly while white population declined slightly. This increase was more rapid than was projected, but similar to the national trend.

This extension circular discusses the growth and decline of races in the state of Nebraska.

G75-249 1994 Nebraska Farm Custom Rates - Part Ii (Revised February 1995), Raymond E. Massey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A survey of producers and custom machine operators was conducted in fall 1994 to determine the rates being charged for many late summer and fall farm machine practices.

This NebGuide defines custom rates and reports common charges in 1994.

Ec94-852 Cash Flow Planning Form, Larry L. Bitney, James Friesen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This extension circular covers the following areas of a cash flow planning form: Beginning Cash Balance, Operating Sales (crop and hay, market livestock, livestock product, custom work); Capital Sales (breeding livestock, machinery and equipment); Personal Income (wages, interest); Operating Expenses (car/truck, chemicals, conservation, custom hire, feed purchased, fertilizers and lime, freight and trucking, gasoline, fuel and oil, insurance, labor hired, rents and leases, repairs and maintenance, seeds and plants, storage, warehousing, supplies, taxes, utilities, veterinary, breeding fees and medicine, feeder livestock); Capital Purchases (breeding livestock, machinery and equipment, family living withdrawals, personal investments, income and social security, term loan payments); …

Rp92-217 No. 6 Delivering On A Live Cattle Futures Contract, Al Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A producer who hedges with a live cattle futures contract normally will offset the futures position by buying a futures contract and selling the cattle on the cash market. However, there may be a time when it is advantageous to make delivery of the cattle against the contract. In fact, the potential or alternative for delivery is an important necessary contract feature.

Live cattle futures follow a Certificate of Delivery procedure, the details are covered later in this Fact Sheet. Mid-America Exchange delivery units equal one-half the size and have the same delivery conditions as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) …

Ec92-891, Farm Financial Records: Record-Keeping Alternatives For Nebraska Producers, Timothy A. Powell, Raymond E. Massey, James E. Friesen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A well organized and complete set of records is an important part of a successful farm business. Farm records are needed to prepare income tax reports, as a basis for credit, and to assist with management decisions including lease arrangements, insurance programs, cropping decisions, marketnig, and participation in government programs.

Many options are available to Nebraska producers. They range from the simple hand-kept record books to fully computerized systems. A description of the major alternatives that are available to Nebraska producers follows in this publication.

Ec92-890 Farm Financial Records: Financial Analysis, Timothy A. Powell, Raymond E. Massey, James E. Friesen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication is one is a series of four on farm financial records.

All farmers and ranchers should have a basic set of financial statements at their disposal and they should know how to analyze and interpret them. Financial records can eb used as a management tool, to aid in tax preparation, to provide a basis for credit, and to help in evaluating lease arragements, contracts, farm insurnace, and government programs.

G92-1066 Agricultural Retirement Packages, Raymond E. Massey, Gary L. Bredensteiner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses Simplified Employee Pension plans and Keogh plans as an employee benefit provided by agricultural employers.

Retirement Plans

Various retirement packages allow pre-tax dollars to be used to save money until retirement age. The most familiar and easy to use retirement account is the Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Other accounts are Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans and Keogh plans.

This NebGuide discusses IRA, SEP and Keogh plans in the context of an employee benefit provided by the employer.

Ec92-888 Farm Financial Records: Accounting Principles, Raymond E. Massey, James E. Friesen, Timothy A. Powell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In this publication, you will learn about record-keeping in general and accounting in particular. Acceptable accounting practices, financial statements and their use are presented. The object is to allow you to become familiar enough with accounting to be able to begin using a basic accounting system for various business purposes. This publication selectively chooses those portions of accounting which are applicable to agrticultural producers. The examples used deal with agriculture.

Rp92-217 #2 Producer Marketing Mangement: Deferred Pricing Alternatives For Grain, Darrel Good

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Grain producers must make marketing decisions every day. First they must decide whether to price or hold grain. If they decide to price grain, they must then choose the most appropriate method of pricing: cash sale, forward contract, or hedging. If they decide to hold grain (not to price), they must choose the most appropriate method of retaining ownership.

This fact sheet presents some guidelines to help producers choose the least costly method of owning grain or speculating on price level changes.

Ec92-889 Farm Financial Records: Selecting A Computerized Accounting Program, James E. Friesen, Raymond E. Massey, Timothy A. Powell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication addresses the use of accounting for agricultural management. It builds upon the information of accounting practices and financial statements as they relate to agriculture. It discusses accounting and record keeping as they relate to selecting a computerized record keeping system for an agricultural business.

G91-1031 How To Hire A Crop Consultant, J. F. Witkowski, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz, Robert J. Wright

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide reviews factors to consider when choosing a crop consultant. Efficient management of a profitable crop production system includes estimating pest populations, determining fertilizer needs, and, in the case of irrigation, monitoring soil/water conditions. Decisions regarding pest management should include information from recurring field visits that estimate pest populations, potential plant damage and crop growth. Regular visits to the field are necessary to monitor soil/water conditions by the use of soil probes, soil moisture blocks, tensiometers, or other methods to assure efficient application and use of irrigation water.

G78-394 Parity Prices, Everett E. Peterson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Under the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, parity prices are used to determine support levels for only two commodities: sugar and milk. However, interest in parity prices as goals for support prices of other farm products persists in farm policy discussion because of such use in 40 years of agricultural programs, and because the term "parity" carries connotations of equity for agriculture in relation to other economic sectors.

This NebGuide defines what is a parity price, how it is computed, and the parity ratio.

G77-346 Land Use Decisions, Duane A. Olsen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

New challenges associated with scarce energy and the natural environment have focused attention upon the conflict between public and private interests in land. A review of the characteristics of these public and private interests seems useful for the evaluation of present and future land use policies.

G77-367 Cost Components Of The Farm-Retail Price Spread For Beef, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The farm-retail spread for beef is the difference between the retail price of 1 pound of Choice beef and the farm value of live Choice steer, less the value of the by-products (hide, tallow, etc.).

This NebGuide discusses the trends, costs and profits, problems of price spreads.

G77-339 Price Spreads For Beef And Pork, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The price spreads for beef and pork are determined by calculating the differences between prices at three marketing levels: farm (live animals), wholesale (carcass or wholesale cuts), and retail (average of retail cuts). Three price spreads, farm-wholesale, wholesale-retail, and farm-retail can be estimated from these prices. Farm-to-retail price spreads for beef and pork represent the total marketnig charges for processing and distribution from farm gate through retail counter and are discussed in this NebGuide.

G77-381 Suggestions For Making Family Farm And Ranch Operating Agreements Work, Philip A. Henderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Both parents and young people are interested in ways to help the younger generation get started in farming. The kinds of arrangements being used are many. No two are exactly alike. Families have different objectives; different resources are involved, and the relative contributions which involved parties make are unique to each family situation.

There are certain principles, however, that need to be recognized in every family farm or ranch operating agreement and they are discussed here in this NebGuide.

G77-378 Odor Controls As Affected By Nuisance Laws, John M. Sweeten, Donald R. Levi

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Confined feeding operations are subject to both public and private air pollution regulation. Public regulation is focused primarily on preventing measurable levels of emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, subjective human tolerance levels serve as the basis for private regulation of the environment. The impact of public and private regulatory schemes on feedlots will be reviewed in this NebGuide.

G77-371 Nebraska Livestock Market Outlets, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

These are 629 outlets in Nebraska where one or more species of livestock may be sold. This does not include special sales by breed associations and livestock shows.

This NebGuides discusses the major types of livestock market outlets which are: terminal markets, local markets, auctions, dealers and/or order buyers and slaughter plants.

G76-312 What Are Good Labor Relations?, Robert E. Perry

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Good labor relations is the factor most often identified as necessary for successful employment by farm employees. Farmers who employ hired labor also rate "good labor relations" as an important factor, though many rate good wages as more important

What are "good labor relations"? From answers received from employees, they appear to involve a mixture of human characteristics and open communications that build mutual respect and loyalty.

G73-57 Hot Weather Livestock Stress, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

During periods of high temperatures and humidity, livestock losses can occur from "Hot Weather Stress." How weather stress is particularly hazardous to closely confined livestock (those in feedlots, sorting and holding pens, trucks and rail cars). High relative humidity when the temperature is at 80 degrees or higher adds to the likelihood of profit-stealing losses if necessary precautions are not taken.

Nebraska livestock producers can make their livestock handling and marketing plans flexible enough or take necessary precautions to reduce or eliminate livestock hot weather stress by following this Livestock Weather Hazard Guide.

G73-42 Slaughter Cattle Sale Choices (Revised June 1976), Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Cattle sold for slaughter can be sold either on a live or carcass weight basis. The ability to compare bid price for these two alternatives is necessary if the producer is to receive the maximum return from the cattle being sold. This publication discusses these choices for the livestock producer to use.

Ec71-854 Income Statement (Revised)

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This extension circular is an income statement form that covers the following areas: Cash Farm Income (grain/hay sales, livestock sales, livestock product sales, government payments, custom work); Cash Farm Expenses (cash operating, breeding livestock purchases, gross cash farm expenses); Adjustment (inventory, machinery/equipment depreciation, fixed farm improvements depreciation, capital gain or loss on machinery/equipment, gross sales of machinery/equipment, real estate sold); and Non-Farm Income (operators's wage, wife's wage, interest/dividend income, gifts/inheritances, gain or loss on security, non-farm inventory change, net income on other farms owned and non-farm real estate).

50 Years Of Research At The North Platte Experiment Station, W. W. Burr, J. C. Adams

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The North Platte Experiment was established fifty years ago. So many changes have occurred since then that few people remember why research in dry land agriculture was started in Nebraska and other Great Plains states. In order to get a proper perspective, it may be well to consider some early history.

Fifty Years Of Achievement In Agricultural Investigation, R. T. Prescott

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

In Nebraska, a hustling frontier state in 1887, the legislature hesitated not at all in taking advantage of the provisions of the Hatch Act, and now that fifty years have elapsed since the Station was founded, seventy-five years since the Land Grant College Act was passed and the U. S. Department of Agriculture established, and almost twenty-five years since the Agricultural Extension Service was added, it seems worth while to present a general summary of achievement within the state. The main object will be to show some of the important things that have been learned through the investigations of the …

Rb30-244 Types Of Farming In Nebraska, Harold Hedges, F.E. Elliott

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

"Type of farming" as used in this bulletin is a term descriptive of a group of farms similar in size and enterprise combination. Thus a group of farms having the same kind, quantity, and proportion of crops oand livestock may be said to be following the same type of farming. The term "type-of-farming area" refers to an area within which there is a high degree of uniformity in the type of farming practicse and in the physical and economic conditions under which production takes place. This should not be understood to mean that there is absolute uniformity either in farming …