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Life Sciences

1998

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Articles 181 - 204 of 204

Full-Text Articles in Education

Front Matter Jan 1998

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Managing Seedling Emergence Of Cuphea In Iowa, W. W. Roath Jan 1998

Managing Seedling Emergence Of Cuphea In Iowa, W. W. Roath

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Cuphea, a western hemisphere genus of some 260 species, has been proposed as a domestic source of medium-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are used primarily in soap and detergent manufacture and are presently extracted from imported tropical oils or from petroleum. Considerable difficulty in obtaining consistent plant stands with direct seeding has been experienced at two Iowa locations. Trials were initiated in 1987 and continued through 1994 to test various treatments upon seedling emergence of C. laminuligera Koehne, C lanceolata Ait., and hybrid C. viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolata. These treatments included planting depths from 1.3 to 6.4 cm, …

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Book Review - The Iowa Breeding Bird Atlas, Louis B. Best Jan 1998

Book Review - The Iowa Breeding Bird Atlas, Louis B. Best

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The Iowa Breeding Bird Atlas is the first comprehensive statewide survey of Iowa's breeding birds. Through the efforts of over 500 people, every county in the state was sampled to provide a record of the composition and distribution of the bird life in Iowa. The project entailed dividing the state into 861 atlas blocks; 83% received at least some coverage and 71 % were completed. Information known through 1995 is included in the text, although the atlas project ended in 1990.

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Introduction To The 1997 Symposium On Iowa's Declining Flora And Fauna, Cornelia F. Mutel Jan 1998

Introduction To The 1997 Symposium On Iowa's Declining Flora And Fauna, Cornelia F. Mutel

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

In 1980, Iowa's biologists and ecologists gathered at the 92nd annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science to present a symposium on the state's declining flora and fauna. Papers were published a year later in a single issue of The Proceedings of The Iowa Academy of Science (Vol. 88, No. 1), which has since been widely cited and much used as a baseline for research efforts. The symposium was a noble undertaking, for although the highly altered composition of Iowa's presettlement ecology had been widely recognized throughout the previous century, no single publication or gathering to that date …

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The Status Of Iowa's Lepidoptera, Dennis W. Schlicht, Timothy T. Orwig Jan 1998

The Status Of Iowa's Lepidoptera, Dennis W. Schlicht, Timothy T. Orwig

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Including strays, 122 species of butterflies have been confirmed in Iowa. However, since European settlement the populations of taxa of Iowa Lepidoptera have declined. While certain generalist species have experienced declines, species with life cycles that include native habitats, especially prairies and wetlands, have been particularly vulnerable. In a 1994 revision of the Iowa endangered and threatened species list, the Natural Resource Commission (NRC) listed two species of butterflies as endangered, five as threatened, and 25 as special concern, using general legal definitions of those rankings (NRC 1994). But after examining recent records, we have revised that list, using numbers …

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Cover - Perspectives On The Declining Flora And Fauna Of Iowa: A Symposium, Part 2 Jan 1998

Cover - Perspectives On The Declining Flora And Fauna Of Iowa: A Symposium, Part 2

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Perspectives On Iowa's Declining Amphibians And Reptiles, James L. Christiansen Jan 1998

Perspectives On Iowa's Declining Amphibians And Reptiles, James L. Christiansen

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Changes in range and abundance of Iowa's amphibians and reptiles can be deduced by comparing records from recent studies with excellent collections from Iowa by Professor R. M. Bailey made from 1938-1943 in addition to museum records accumulated before 1950. Additional recent data make necessary this updating of a similar study conducted in 1980. The current study finds many of our frogs to be in decline, some in a pattern from north to south, but most as a diffused loss of populations, probably as a result of habitat destruction. The crawfish frog, one of the two frogs considered threatened in …

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Mammals Of Iowa: Holocene To The End Of The 20th Century, John B. Bowles, Daryl L. Howell, Richard P. Lampe, Howard P. Whidden Jan 1998

Mammals Of Iowa: Holocene To The End Of The 20th Century, John B. Bowles, Daryl L. Howell, Richard P. Lampe, Howard P. Whidden

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

This review of Iowa's mammal fauna at the close of the 20th century summarizes changes in distributional patterns following Euroamerican settlement in the early 1800s. Data from historical records, museum specimens, and presettlement late Holocene fossils indicate presence of 69 resident mammals at that time. Hunting pressures and the conversion of prairie and forest to agricultural fields reduced the populations and ranges of many state mammals, and 14 species were extirpated by 1900. An additional 15 species are either uncommon or rare today, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources lists four species as endangered, three as threatened and one …

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Back Cover Jan 1998

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) Of Northeastern Iowa: A Comparison Of Baits For Sampling, David R. Coyle, Kirk J. Larsen Jan 1998

Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) Of Northeastern Iowa: A Comparison Of Baits For Sampling, David R. Coyle, Kirk J. Larsen

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) were inventoried over a 8-week period from June into August of 1996 at 10 sites in 4 counties of extreme northeastern Iowa. Carrion preference and relative abundance of carrion beetles were studied by use of non-lethal pitfall traps constructed from large plastic plant pots and baited with aged fish, beef liver, chicken, or piglets. A total of 3,183 carrion beetles were collected, representing 11 different species. The most commonly encountered species of carrion beetles in northeastern Iowa included Necrophila americana (71.5%) and Oiceoptoma novaboracense (18.5%). When comparing baits, chicken and fish attracted the greatest number of …

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Decline Of Iowa Populations Of The Regal Fritillary (Speyeria Idalia) Drury, Diane M. Debinskl, Liesl Kelly Jan 1998

Decline Of Iowa Populations Of The Regal Fritillary (Speyeria Idalia) Drury, Diane M. Debinskl, Liesl Kelly

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The Regal Fritillary butterfly, Speyeria idalia Drury (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Argynninae), is a prairie endemic species which has exhibited a dramatic decline in Iowa during the last few decades. Tallgrass prairie is the primary habitat of S. idalia and the butterfly's presence is correlated with the presence of violets (Violaceae). Due to the extensive habitat fragmentation of Iowa prairies, both the butterfly and its host plant populations are limited primarily to unplowed, relatively pristine prairies. Thus, S. idalia is an excellent case study of a prairie endemic species. Here, we report on the results of a two-year survey of the insect …

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Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula L.) Spread In Iowa, S. C. Huerd, S. E. Taylor Jan 1998

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula L.) Spread In Iowa, S. C. Huerd, S. E. Taylor

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a noxious perennial weed spreading south from the northern Great Plains into Iowa, is considered a threat to Iowa's Prairie preserves because it is an aggressive non-native plant that dominates the landscape through rapid sexual and asexual reproduction. Methods to control leafy spurge include cultural and chemical controls, and biological controls are currently being developed. In 1992 and 1993 we surveyed the extent of leafy spurge spread in Iowa and found 26 of 99 Iowa counties with leafy spurge populations. Iowa's leafy spurge populations are rapidly expanding on untilled lands such as roadsides, especially in …

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Book Review - Birds In Iowa, Peter Wickham Jan 1998

Book Review - Birds In Iowa, Peter Wickham

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Here is a book that those who are interested in birds and their distribution in Iowa will absolutely have to possess. This volume is the successor to the book Iowa Birds, which was written by the above authors together with three others and published in 1984. It brings our understanding to the number of species of birds and their relative abundance in Iowa up-to-date. Although only twelve years elapsed between the publication of the previous volume and this one, the activity of those interested in identifying birds increased enormously during those years. In addition, their ability to identify and find …

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Front Matter Jan 1998

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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The Fungi, Lichens, And Myxomycetes Of Iowa: A Literature Review And Evaluation, Lois H. Tiffany, George Knaphus Jan 1998

The Fungi, Lichens, And Myxomycetes Of Iowa: A Literature Review And Evaluation, Lois H. Tiffany, George Knaphus

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The fungi have been, and continue to be, a poorly documented portion of Iowa’s biological inheritance. Although many are perennially present in soil and plant debris and are crucially involved in the release and recycling of materials from organic residues or are partners with plant roots as mycorrhizae, they are not obvious until they produce fruiting structures such as mushrooms, boletes, brackets, puffballs, etc. The fungi causing plant disease are more obvious because of the reactions of their host plants; thus the earliest records of Iowa fungi are of ones causing plant diseases commonly referred to as mildews, rusts, and …

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Iowa's Odonata: Declining And/Or Changing?, Robert W. Cruden, O. J. Gode Jr. Jan 1998

Iowa's Odonata: Declining And/Or Changing?, Robert W. Cruden, O. J. Gode Jr.

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

We undertook a comprehensive survey of the Order Odonata in Iowa. Because the credibility of our conclusions derives from our collecting strategy and effort, we discuss our strategy in depth. We collected throughout the state (more than 500 sites in 94 counties), throughout the flight season (late May-early October), and tried to visit several habitats in each county. Our 7900+ observations made between 1993 and 1996 include approximately 2300 county records, 93 of the 110 species reported for the state, and eight species previously unknown from the state. At least 30 species are secure and occur across the state. Other …

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Iowa's Avifauna: Recent Changes And Prospects For The Future, James J. Dinsmore Jan 1998

Iowa's Avifauna: Recent Changes And Prospects For The Future, James J. Dinsmore

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Iowa's avifauna has changed dramatically since 1980. The state list now has 40 additional species and totals 398 species, the most of any vertebrate group. Four species that had not previously nested in Iowa (Ring-billed Gull, Great-tailed Grackle, House Finch, Eurasian Tree Sparrow) and four whose nesting populations had disappeared (Double-crested Cormorant, Sandhill Crane, Piping Plover, Least Tern) now breed regularly here. Little Blue Heron, Cattle Egret, White-faced Ibis, Mississippi Kite, Prairie Warbler, and Red Crossbill nested for the first time but do not have established nesting populations. Trumpeter Swan, Peregrine Falcon, Greater Prairie Chicken, and Sharp-tailed Grouse have been …

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Front Matter Jan 1998

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Safety Issues And Iowa Science Teachers, Jack A. Gerlovich, Ed Wilson, Rahul Parsa Jan 1998

Safety Issues And Iowa Science Teachers, Jack A. Gerlovich, Ed Wilson, Rahul Parsa

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The National Science Education Standards are providing an excellent blue print for improving science teaching for all students. However, the Standards are placing serious demands on teachers attempts to make science activities inquiry-based, real-life, open-ended, and directly applicable to today's students. This situation is further aggravated when teachers do not know essential science safety information from both federal and state governing agencies, as well as professional organizations. With proper training and tools, however, this problem can be positively addressed.

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Lack Of Genetic Variation In Cytochrome Bin A Population Of Smooth Softshell Turtles, David W. Weisrock, Tamara S. Haselkorn, Fredric J. Janzen Jan 1998

Lack Of Genetic Variation In Cytochrome Bin A Population Of Smooth Softshell Turtles, David W. Weisrock, Tamara S. Haselkorn, Fredric J. Janzen

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

An important issue in intraspecific molecular phylogenetic studies concerns distribution of genetic variation within and among populations and, hence, within-population sample sizes used in analyses. To address this sampling issue, we sequenced a 795 base pair (bp) segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 19 unrelated individuals from a Louisiana population of the smooth softshell turtle (Apalone mutica LeSueur). We found a complete lack of within-population variation in this large segment of mtDNA. This result supports the use of minimal within-population sample sizes in intraspecific molecular phylogenetic studies of Apalone using cytochrome b.

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Index For Volume 105 - Notice Of Rate Increase Jan 1998

Index For Volume 105 - Notice Of Rate Increase

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

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Iowa Prairie: Original Extent And Loss, Preservation And Recovery Attempts, Daryl D. Smith Jan 1998

Iowa Prairie: Original Extent And Loss, Preservation And Recovery Attempts, Daryl D. Smith

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Iowa's prairie has to be assessed in the context of the pre- and post-agriculturally dominated ecosystem in which it now exists. This requires an understanding of prairies and of society's perspective of prairies. Therefore, the attitudes of people through time have to be considered; (1) those who were involved in the demise of the prairie, (2) those who helped saved the pieces of the prairie and (3) those who may be called upon to recover the prairie ecosystem.

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The Effects Of Habitual Physical Activity On Number Of Colds And Incidence Of Cold Symptoms, Katie Lynn Maniatis Jan 1998

The Effects Of Habitual Physical Activity On Number Of Colds And Incidence Of Cold Symptoms, Katie Lynn Maniatis

Masters Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to compare frequency of colds and symptoms of upper respiratory infection in college students who have different levels of habitual physical activity. Subjects were Eastern Illinois University students (N=535, aged 18-25). A survey was conducted which included questions inquiring about demographic information, physical activity habits, the number of colds contracted the month before the survey, and symptom number and severity. Data collection occurred between February 12th and March 1st, 1998. This particular time period was chosen for several reasons, including that student stress level should have been lower than at the beginning or end …

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A Comparison Of Measures In Physical Fitness And Biological Maturity Between Female Gymnasts And Females Not Involved In Organized Sport, Cara Kokenes Jan 1998

A Comparison Of Measures In Physical Fitness And Biological Maturity Between Female Gymnasts And Females Not Involved In Organized Sport, Cara Kokenes

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in physical fitness and biological development between two groups of twelve year old females. One group consisted of idividuals who had been involved in competitive sport for at least two years while the other group was not involved in organized sport. Two groups of 20 subjects were examined in terms of height, weight, flexibility, strength, body composition, maturation, eating attitudes, and cardiorespiratory endurance. The results indicated that the gymnasts were significantly (p<.05) shorter, lighter, stronger in regard to left hand grip strength, lower in percent body fat, less biologically mature, and had greater cardiorespiratory fitness than the non-gymnasts. No significant differences were observed in right hand grip strength or eating attitudes. It was concluded that maturation level as well as gymnastic training played a major role in influencing values obtained through measurements of physical fitness.

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