Education Commons^™

G93-1128 Understanding Groundwater, William L. Kranz, Delynn R. Hay, James W. Goeke

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides information on how groundwater exists, where it exists, and how it moves. Key definitions are highlighted. Water is the life blood of every living creature on earth. Approximately 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. Through the wonders of nature, water can take on many different forms, from the water we drink, to the ice we use to chill a glass of lemonade, to the water vapor used to steam clean equipment. It is easy to understand the significance water plays in our lives, but it may be much more difficult to understand the …

G93-1188 Financing Environmental Quality Programs In Nebraska, Roy Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the role and responsibilities of the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality. Included are funding sources and environmental issues in Nebraska.

The Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has the primary responsibility for protecting and improving the quality of Nebraska's air, land and water resources. Many of the programs administered by DEQ are mandated and funded--in whole or in part--by the federal government.

In discharging its responsibilities, DEQ receives input from the state Environmental Quality Council, a 16-member panel appointed by the governor. Fifteen of the 16 council members represent a specific industry or interest affected by or …

G93-1187 Financing Natural Resources Programs In Nebraska, Roy Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the regulatory agencies of Nebraska's natural resources including their responsibilities and services. Issues in natural resources programs are discussed.

In Nebraska's system of state and local government, primary responsibility for protecting and preserving natural resources is assigned to the Nebraska Natural Resources Commission (NRC), the Nebraska Department of Water Resources (DWR) and 23 Natural Resources Districts (NRDs). Both NRC and DWR are state agencies, while NRDs are political subdivisions (local units of government). The activities of each have expanded over time as the public's interest in protecting natural resources has grown more intense.

Nf92-79 Equipment Rental Rates In Nebraska Panhandle, Thomas L. Holman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Increasing financial pressure on area farmers and ranchers has made ownership of some farm equipment and implements uneconomical. Producer and implement dealer inquiries have generated the interest in this subject.

G92-1099 Estimating Effective Rainfall, Joel E. Cahoon, C. Dean Yonts, Steven R. Melvin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

How irrigators can estimate effective rainfall, and use that estimate to schedule irrigations properly. Scheduling irrigation based on crop demand (see NebGuide G85-753 Irrigation Scheduling Using Crop Water Use Data, on the checkbook method) requires an estimate of effective precipitation or rainfall. Effective rainfall estimates are also important for planning cropping sequences in both dryland and irrigationd crop production. Effective rainfall is the amount of rainfall stored in the crop root zone. Rainfall that runs off the soil surface or passes through the root zone does not contribute to crop growth and yield. There are two steps to estimating effective …

G92-1080 Farmstead Safety Evaluation Guide, Gerald R. Bodman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Safe working conditions for personnel and safe, healthful living conditions for animals are critical requirements in the design of all farmsteads.

All farmsteads periodically should be evaluated for potential hazards and conditions that could lead to injury, death, or premature building failure or loss. Some hazards develop with time and are easily overlooked. Others are the result of poor planning or just being "too busy." To assess the safety of your farmstead and buildings, answer the following questions. Any question that cannot be answered with a firm "yes" indicates a need for corrective action.

G92-1109 Musk Thistle, Robert Wilson, Fred Roeth, Alex Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The history, identification and chemical, mechanical and cultural control of musk thistle are discussed. Musk thistle is a major problem for many Midwestern landowners. It reduces forage yields by robbing moisture and plant food from palatable grasses. Livestock refuse to enter heavily infested areas and will not graze close to the spiny plants. Since its emergence as a serious weed problem in the late 1940s, musk thistle has invaded thousands of acres of Nebraska pastureland and even occurs in some cultivated fields. It has moved from the Kansas border to the South Dakota border and as far west as Colorado …

Ec92-107 Nebraska Proso, Sunflower And Amaranth Variety Tests, 1992, David D. Baltensperger, Glen E. Frickel, Mark Swanson, Robert N. Klein, James Krall, Randy Anderson, Daryl Ellis, Drew J. Lyon

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of proso, sunflower, and amaranth variety trials conducted in cooperation with the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, Scottsbluff, Nebraska. Conduct of the experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the UNL Agricultural Research Division and the Cooperative Extension Service.

Rp92-445 Marketing Crafts And Other Products To Tourists, Sherri Gahring, Shirley Niemeyer, Rae Reilly, Janeann Stout

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The travel and tourism industry is the third largest employer in the United States, supporting over 5.85 million travel-related jobs. Foreign and domestic visitors traveling in the United States generate over $327 billion in tourism revenues in a year, making travel and tourism the third largest retail sales industry.

If you target the tourist market, what types of products appeal to people who take part in different tourist activities? Are handcrafted items of interest to tourists? How can you improve existing marketing strategies?

To find answers to these questions, a research team from Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska gathered information from …

Nf92-106 Reference Material For Commercial Vegetable Producers And Extension Agents, Laurie Hodges

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact gives you information on reference material for commercial vegetable producers and Extension Agents.

Nf92-105 Sources Of Information On Herb Production And Marketing, Laurie Hodges

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact gives you information on herb production and marketing sources.

G91-1039 Respiratory Infections In Domestic Poultry Flocks, Eva Wallner-Pendleton, Dale Webb

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the most common respiratory infections in poultry, and includes steps to diagnose, prevent, and treat each.

Small poultry flocks are susceptible to a number of respiratory infections. Some of these produce extremely mild illness while others may result in a high number of deaths.

Regardless of whether birds are raised for meat, eggs, breeding or show purposes, respiratory infections result in decreased performance. They may also disqualify a bird for show, and pose disease hazards for other poultry on the same premises.

G91-1000 Guidelines For Soil Sampling, Richard B. Ferguson, K.D. Frank, Gary W. Hergert, Edwin J. Penas, Richard A. Wiese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Soil test values are no better than the soil samples you collect. Proper soil sampling procedures must be followed to obtain meaningful test results for fertilizer decisions.

The best guideline for determining fertilizer needs is a reliable analysis of a soil sample that is representative of the field. Proper procedures must be followed to collect representative soil samples.

G91-1028 Preparing Fabric For Use, Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Grain perfection is the goal for people who sew.

Smart styling and a professional look in clothing construction require correct use of the grain of the fabric. No formula or method can conceal a poorly cut garment.

Garment pieces cut or pulled off grain will not fit correctly and will hang poorly when worn. Whether simple or elaborate in design, the fabric shows whether or not it has been cut on the exact grain.

Ec91-123 Drought Management On Range And Pastureland: A Handbook For Nebraska And South Dakota, Patrick E. Reece, Jack D. Alexander, James R. Johnson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Drought is generally defined as a prolonged period during which annual precipitation is less than 75 percent of average. Based upon this definition, drought has occurred in 21 percent of the years in the northern Great Plains since 1940. Poor distribution of precipitation in a single year or less than average precipitation in successive years can also cause drought conditions.

This extension circulation discusses the following: how plants respond to drought, management preparation for drought, herd management, animal response to drought, predicting forage production and stocking rates, drought management plans, rangeland resource inventory, grazing management, and plant recovery after drought.

Ec91-1773 Deer Damage Control In Nebraska, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Bill Baxter

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are fortunate to have two species of deer in the state — the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). They are beautiful and fascinating animals that provide many aesthetic and recreational benefits. They can however, cause problems when they damage agricultural crops, trees and backyard plantings.

This extension circular covers the methods of reducing deer damage through herd management (legal harvest, shooting permits, and live removal), deer fencing, repellents, and scare devices.

Ec91-1767 Windbreaks For Rural Living, James R. Brandle, Teresa K. Boes, Bruce Wight

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In many parts of the United States, the constant force of the wind exaggerates daily weather conditions and can make living in these areas seem unbearable. A well-designed windbreak around the home, ranch, or farmstead slows the wind and improves the overall environment. Farm and ranch windbreaks conserve energy, provide snow control, improve working and recreational environments, enhance wildlife populations, provide visual screening and dust control, and increase the production of various wood and food products.

Ranch and farmstead windbreaks provide the greatest benefits in areas with high winds, large amounts of snow, extreme temperature fluctuations, or minimal natural forest …

Ec91-1764 Windbreak Establishment, James R. Brandle, Patricia Boehner, Sherman Finch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

successful windbreak planting depends on proper establishment and care during the first few years after planting. Time spent in site preparation, weed control, and replanting is repaid many times during the lifetime of the windbreak. Take no shortcuts in the planning and establishment of your windbreak.

Windbreaks are investments in the future value of your property. Each windbreak system is unique and your windbreak should be designed for your site and objectives. Your local conservation office can provide help in designing and installing your windbreak. These organizations can also help with recommendations on where to buy planting stock and how …

Ec91-1771 Windbreaks And Wildlife, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Brandle, Mary M. Beck

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Windbreaks can support wildlife that add beauty and pleasure to our lives. They also sustain birds that eat insect pests, improve hunting opportunities, and provide a focal point for family outdoor activities. The world around us would be less appealing without the stimulation--the color, sounds, tracks, and mystery--of wild creatures; windbreaks help wildlife and in some areas are essential to survival of the wildlife we enjoy. You can add wildlife benefits to windbreak plantings whether your main goal is to shelter crops, livestock, roads, or a home or farmstead. This publication provides an overview of windbreaks and wildlife, and gives …

G91-1036 Environmental Stresses And Tree Health, Jon S. Wilson, Mark O. Harrell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is intended to help tree owners identify tree health problems caused by environmental factors, and ways to prevent or reduce damage.

Environmental stresses cause many health problems of Nebraska trees. Hot and cold temperatures, drying winds, poor soil and root conditions and man's activities can cause direct damage to leaves, bark and roots, and can predispose trees to secondary insect and disease attack. Maintaining a tree in good condition through proper maintenance can prevent many environmentally related health problems.

G91-1035 Tree Injuries -- Prevention And Care (Revised July 2002), Dave Mooter, Mike Kuhns

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

It takes proper care and maintenance to keep trees healthy and safe. This is a guide toward that objective.

It has been said that a tree is not planted until it has been in the ground five years. This is especially true in Nebraska, where trees are sometimes difficult to grow.

Ec91-1556 Subterranean Termites And Their Control, Shripat T. Kamble

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Termite damage to residential and commercial buildings in the U.S. costs more than $1 billion annually. Subterranean termites, the most destructive of all termite species, account for 95% of the damage. Subterranean termites occur in every state except Alaska. Two subterranean termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and R. tibialis Banks, are found in Nebraska. Control of these termites costs more than $1 million each year.

G91-1043 Water Runoff Control Practices For Sprinkler Irrigation Systems, William L. Kranz, David P. Shelton, Elbert C. Dickey, John A. Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes techniques to help reduce water runoff from fields irrigationd with sprinkler irrigation systems.

Water runoff is often a problem associated with sprinkler irrigation systems operated on sloping terrain. Soil particles, fertilizers and pesticides can become part of runoff waters and can be moved from their target locations, causing degradation of surface water quality.

Other potential problems associated with runoff include a lack of soil moisture in localized areas of the field, crop nutrient deficiencies, washed-out seeds or plants, and increased irrigation water pumping costs.

Cc90-342 Soil Compaction...Fact And Fiction: Common Questions And Their Answers, Alice J. Jones, Robert D. Grisso, Charles A. Shapiro

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

What causes soil compaction? Compaction occurs when soil particles move closer together because of external forces exerted by humans, animals, equipment and water droplets. It can be found on the soil surface and at almost any depth. Compacting soils leads to conditions that are less than optimum for crop growth, soil water management and efficient use of agricultural chemicals.

Ec90-1762 Nut Tree Cultivars For Nebraska, William A. Gustafson Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Proper nut cultivar (variety) selection is important for successful and satisfying results from the home gardener's efforts. Selection should be determined by personal preferences, available space, and intended use of the nuts. Harvest can be spread over several weeks if cultivars with different periods of maturity are planted.

It is important that homeowners select the nut plants or cultivars best adapted for cultivation in their area of the state. This extension circular covers how to select a nut cultivar, the plant hardiness zones, horticultural regions, and length of growing season. It contains a list of all nut cultivars suited for …

G90-963 Narrow-Row Soybeans, Roger Wesley Elmore, Russell S. Moomaw, Roger Selley

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Narrow-row spacing of soybeans may be a profitable practice with modern herbicides and new lodging-resistant varieties. This NebGuide describes considerations for producing narrow-row soybeans. Early in this century crop row spacing was determined by the breadth of the animals used to work the fields. Spacing had an impact on methods of weed control and the varieties of soybeans developed. Even a decade ago row spacing was determined by tractor tire size since cultivation was required. Also, the tall varieties of soybeans lodged severely in narrow-row systems. However, the broad spectrum of herbicides now available and lodging-resistant soybean varieties have made …

G90-992 Evapotranspiration (Et) Or Crop Water Use, Norman L. Klocke, Kenneth Hubbard, William L. Kranz, Darrell G. Watts

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

What must irrigators consider in the most efficient use of water? Read on.

Irrigators in the Great Plains have two major challenges in the years ahead:

1. Maintain groundwater quality by adjusting management to minimize the leaching of agri-chemicals from the crop root zone;

2. Continue profitable production in the face of a less abundant and increasingly costly water supply.

Irrigators must learn to convert water to grain the most efficient manner possible. Applying only enough water to meet full evapotranspiration (ET) of the crop is one key to efficient water use (ET is also called crop water use.)

Ec90-268 Nebraska Beef Weaning-Yearling Worksheet

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

EC90-268, Nebraska Beef Weaning-Yearling Worksheet helps farmers and ranchers keep track of details on a an animal's performance through a given year.

Ec90-267 Nebraska Beef Sire Summary Card

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

EC90-267, Nebraska Beef Sire Record Card helps farmers and ranchers keep track of details on a sire's performance through a given year.

G89-948 Safe Operation Of Compact Tractors, Robert D. Grisso, Rollin Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Follow these safety tips and maintenance procedures for checking, servicing and operating compact tractors to extend their life and reduce breakdowns and accidents.

Lawn and turf maintenance is easier because of modern compact tractors, but carelessness can spell trouble.

Most tractors used in grounds care can be classified into three size groups: 1) riding lawn mowers (3 to 8 horsepower) which are fitted with a mower and usually do not have other equipment or attachments that could be mounted separately; 2) lawn and garden or compact tractors (7 to 40 horsepower) that can be mounted with a variety of tools …