Education Commons^™

The Learning Styles Of Health And Physical Education Students Using The Capsol Style Of Learning Assessment, Erin D. Palpant

Masters Theses

Students in a classroom all receive the information the same way, however, those students most likely learn and process information quite differently. Therefore the format in which it is received can make a large impact on the effectiveness of the instruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning styles of health and physical education students using the CAPSOL Styles of Learning Assessment. One hundred ten undergraduate PE students in the college of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER) from Western Michigan University participated in this study during February 2005.

Frequencies and percentages were figured for the students …

Safer Schools: Promoting Safe Play On School Playground Equipment, Kimberly Elaine Seckinger

Masters Theses

Each year, over 200,000 people receive emergency room care for injuries sustained on recreational equipment, and a vast majority of these injuries involve children under the age of 15 who have been hurt on school playground equipment. To date, a single empirical study has been conducted applying behavioral technology to decrease children's risky behavior on playground equipment (Heck, Collins, & Peterson, 2001 ), and showed reductions in risk-taking behavior when programmed consequences were in place. The purposes of the current investigation were to replicate and extend previous research though a component analysis of an injury prevention package designed to decrease …

Impact Of Standards On Physical Education Teacher Education: Curriculum, Collaboration, And Learning Outcomes, Xiangren Yi

Dissertations

Standards are sweeping across the physical education teacher education field. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether national standards had influenced a change of curriculum, and whether curriculum changes were related to standards, individual or institutional variables. The analysis will also identify whether there are any individual and institutional characteristics that are significant predictors for determining curriculum. This study's targeted participants are a random sample of 110 program directors working in institutions that have a Physical Education Teacher Education program.

Differences were found to exist in directors' perceptions regarding curriculum. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysis demonstrated the impact …

Comparison Effects Of Tape And The Mcdavid Ultra Brace In Limiting The Amount And Rate Of Ankle Inversion, Leah M. Pataki

Masters Theses

The ankle joint is among one of the most common sites for injury, accounting for 86% of all injuries. Commonly, athletic tape or an ankle brace is used to prevent or protect ankle injuries from occurring and/or re-occurring. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of athletic tape and the McDavid Ultra brace in limiting the amount and rate of ankle inversion when using dynamic ankle inversion. Subjects (6=Males, 12=Females) completed ten trials on an inversion platform under the following conditions: no-tape (control) and two bracing conditions (athletic tape and McDavid Ultra Brace). A 2 x 3 …

A Survey Of Lightning Safety Policy In Selected High Schools, Katie Groszek

Masters Theses

Our research will entail a survey of high school certified athletic trainers in the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association (District 4) of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) on lightning safety policy. The NATA has written a position statement (Walsh, 2000) on lightning safety to educate athletic trainers and other individuals on the dangers of lightning and safety guidelines to follow. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) also has lightning safety guidelines for the schools it governs. Despite the recommendations of the NAT A and NCAA, there has been a demonstrated lack of lightning safety policy. The purpose of this …

White Rules, Black Stars: Race, Sport, Community, And The Emergence Of Integrated Boys' High School Basketball In Benton Harbor, Michigan, 1945-1965, Christopher Michael Jannings

Masters Theses

Located in the southwestern corner of the state in Berrien County, the city of Benton Harbor, Michigan rests along the shores of Lake Michigan, in the heart of the Fruit Belt, and near the St. Joseph River. Not until the early 1940s did a significant number of black migrants arrive from the South and larger metropolitan areas in the North to take advantage of a booming a wartime economy, higher paying jobs, and better living conditions. The growing black presence greatly altered the social, political, cultural, and economic structure of Benton Harbor. By the late 1950s and early 1960s the …

A Model For Using The National Board Dental Hygiene Examination Results As A Method Of Outcomes Assessment, Debra Scott Schultz

Dissertations

This research study examined the use of the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) results for the Dental Hygiene Program at Grand Rapids Community College (GRCC) in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Dental hygiene programs must develop outcomes assessment plans through a 7-year accreditation cycle under the auspices of the American Dental Association's (ADA) Council on Dental Accreditation using pass/fail rates for program graduates.

T -tests and ANOVA statistical tests were used in this study to examine NBDHE results from the Dental Hygiene Program within Grand Rapids Community College (GRCC) during the years 1998 to 2000 to answer four questions: (1) How …

Effects Of Emu Oil In Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Of The Quadriceps, Michaelyn Sebold

Masters Theses

Limited research on emu oil has shown evidence of anti-inflammatory activity. Currently, emu oil has been used anecdotally to reduce soreness after physical activity. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of emu oil on delayed onset muscle soreness in the quadriceps. The objectives were to examine whether emu oil decreased soreness perceptually and physiologically after eccentric exercises on a leg extension machine.

The research design was a double blind format. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Those three groups were randomly assigned to a given treatment order (control, placebo, or treatment). This was a counter-balanced …

The Effects Of Water Versus Land Plyometric Drills On Balance, Jaclyn Kelly

Masters Theses

Plyometrics are used by athletes of all to increase strength, power, and speed and often used during rehabilitation programs both on land and in water. Previous research suggested that aquatic plyometrics may have an affect on balance, however there is no data to support this claim. The purpose of this study was to compare aquatic to land plyometrics and the effects on balance. Thirty-six healthy subjects (17 males, 19 females) were randomly assigned to one of three groups, control, land, or aquatic. Plyometric training took place twice a week for seven weeks. Each subject performed three trials of static (single …

The Effects Of Two Different Body Weight Support Harnesses On Oxygen Consumption And Heart Rate In Healthy Individuals, Sara Alison Koski

Masters Theses

The use of a body weight support hydraulic system can be beneficial for athletes with lower extremity injuries to help maintain cardiovascular fitness and provide athletes with the ability to advance lower extremity injuries to full weight bearing earlier than without a body weight support harness. However, body weight support harnesses can be a limiting factor due to rubbing or riding up when an injured athlete is attempting to maintain their current level of cardiovascular fitness. Discomfort is experienced with the use of many harnesses in the form of rubbing, tightness, and sliding up the torso. Two different body weight …

Sport Supplements And High School Athletes: A Study Of Use And Motivations, Bethany Coovert

Masters Theses

The use of sports supplements is prevalent among American society, including high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine what sports supplements high school athletes are consuming, what are the motivations behind the athletes use, where do the athletes obtain the supplements, where do the athletes acquire information regarding sports supplements and who encourages and/or discourages the athletes supplement use. A questionnaire was distributed to high school athletes in the greater Kalamazoo, Michigan area, with a seven percent response rate.

The study found that 34% of the high school athletes surveyed reported to use sports supplements. The …

Perception Of The Treatment Efficacy Of Therapeutic Magnets On Pain Control Of Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness In The Non-Dominant Wrist And Forearm In High School Athletes, Stacy L. Schlumbohm

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to determine if patient perceptions had a significant influence on the perceived success of therapeutic magnets. Volunteer subjects included 33 (14=Female, 19=Male) high school athletes. The subjects were divided into a control group and two treatment groups. Treatment group 1 received Nikken-Kenko Magnetic Promo Pad (2.15"x 3.23") and treatment group 2 received a placebo magnet. Treatment groups underwent an exercise induced muscle soreness protocol for the non-dominant wrist. The test groups completed a pain questionnaire every 12 hours for 96 hours. A post-test questionnaire was administered to the test groups at the conclusion of …

Effects Of Beta-Blockers On Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Steven P. Cramer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this meta-analytical review was to synthesize the data and find a consensus within the literature as to how beta-blockers affect VO₂ max in the healthy population. A thorough investigation of the literature was first performed, and a coding form developed to help select those articles with similar procedures that would be comparable to one another. This process resulted in the analysis of 10 research studies, in which the mean and standard deviation for an overall and for correlated non beta-blocker results, selective beta-blocker results, and non-selectivebeta blocker results were calculated.

The overall calculations showed little difference, …

A Biomechanical Analysis Of Steeplechase Barrier Clearance Techniques: Hurdle And Step-On, David G. Paschke

Masters Theses

The problem investigated was to compare the kinematic variables associated with the conventional hurdle technique and the step-on technique used in barrier clearance in the steeplechase. Twenty NCAA Division 1 male track and field athletes were filmed during competition in the steeplechase event of the Mid-American Conference Track and Field Championships, May, 1995.

Five ANOVAs and descriptive statistics were used to compare the step-on technique and the hurdle technique. Descriptive statistics provided information for the dependent variables. Statistically significant differences (p< .05) were found for trajectory angle, initial horizontal velocity and final horizontal velocity. The step-on technique was found to be superior to the hurdle technique in all cases. Suggestions were made for applying these findings in pragmatic settings.

Specifying The Psychomotor Domain Of The Construct Of Nursing Competence, Joni L. Jones

Dissertations

The measurement of an individual's predicted performance in his/her field is a requirement of many professions. The NCLEX-RN® is the measurement tool used to determine whether or not new graduates of registered nursing programs are competent to enter the profession. Although there are three domains of learning in nursing (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) the only domain tested for licensure is the cognitive. Many factors contribute to the lack of testing in the psychomotor area. One of the major impediments is that the entry-level psychomotor domain for registered nursing has yet to be defined. The purpose of this study was to …

A Comparison Between Stationary And Moving Handlebars During Forward And Backward Pedaling At Various Resistances On An Elliptical Trainer, George Hajiefremides

Masters Theses

The study compared the effects of moving handlebars versus stationary handlebars during forward or backward pedaling on the Precor® EFX™ 556 elliptical trainer. The variables measured were: heart rate, heart rate as a percent of maximum heart rate, relative VO₂, relative VO₂ as a percent of VO₂ max, absolute CE, relative CE, RPE for arms, RPE for chest, RPE for legs and RPE for overall body. The 12 subjects completed four conditions - arm use with FR pedaling, no arm use with FR pedaling, arm use with BK pedaling, and no arm use with BK pedaling, …

A 3-D Biomechanical And Emg Analysis Of Three Mountain Bike Pedal Designs, David Lacy

Masters Theses

The problem of this study was to compare the lower limb kinematics and EMG activity of three bicycle pedal designs. The pedals investigated were a flat pedal platform and two different clip-in pedal designs, float with friction (FF) and spring recentered float (SF). The FF pedals offered 8° of rotational float and the SF pedals offered 10° of rotational float and 3 mm of medial-lateral translation. Sixteen healthy male and female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 29 performed five complete cycles of motion, beginning and ending at ATP, at two cadences under each of the three pedal conditions. …

Differences Among Accredited Athletic Training Education Programs In Preparing Students For The National Certification Examination, Donna M. Ritenour

Dissertations

A retrospective quantitative study that surveyed all of the CAAHEP accredited athletic training education programs was performed. The purpose of this study was twofold: (I) what are the institutional and programmatic characteristics associated with the colleges/universities that sponsor CAAHEP accredited entry level athletic training education programs, and (2) do these differences significantly alter the preparedness of students for the athletic training profession. Athletic Training Education Programs that were developed prior to 1993 were compared to those programs that were developed after 1993 to determine if institutional or programmatic characteristic differences exist among the Colleges/Universities that sponsor CAAHEP accredited entry level …

Development Of A Submaximal Test To Predict Vo2Max Using An Elliptical Trainer, Alicia C. Armour

Masters Theses

The study attempted to determine whether an elliptical trainer is a valid exercise devise for the use in submaximal exercise testing to predict VO₂ max. Each subject performed two maximal treadmill exercise tests (Bruce Protocol), and three submaximal elliptical trainer exercise tests. The graded exercise test (GXT) had the following features: (a) 3-minute stages, (b) incremental increases in resistance of three levels between stages, and (c) a cycling (step) rate of 100 per minute. The variables measured in the study were: (a) VO₂ max, (b) HR, (c) RPE, and (d) workload expressed in watts. HR and watts were …

A Comparison Of Physiological And Perceptual Responses Generated By Riding A Stationary Upright And Recumbent Bicycle, Amy E. Geib

Masters Theses

The study compared the effects of cycling at three different cadences and three different workloads on a stationary upright and stationary recumbent bicycle on the following variables: (a) heart rate, (b) heart rate as a percentage of maximum heart rate, (c) relative VO₂, (d) relative VO₂ as a percentage of VO₂ max, (e) absolute energy cost, (f) RPE legs, and (g) RPE overall. Heart rate, relative VO₂, R values, and RPE were measured as 18 subjects completed 18 experimental conditions in random order. The experimental conditions consisted of cycling on the stationary upright bicycle …

The Impact Of The Program For Athletic Coaches Education (Pace) Certification –Mivca Coaching Association, Heather L. Sawyer

Masters Theses

This study identified the level of awareness, and perceived usefulness of the Program for Athletic Coach (PACE) by the Michigan Interscholastic Volleyball Coaches Association (MIVCA) (n=296). The study further examined: (1) the extent MIVCA coaches are engaged in PACE; (2) the relative importance of content delivered; (3) the important content to improve coaching; and (4) what the MIVCA coaches believed their personal investment should be in a coaching education program.

The participants were asked to complete a survey that ranked the importance of the domains and standards found in the National Standards for Athletic Coaches (NSAC). Results indicate a relatively …

Physiological And Perceptual Responses To Elliptical Trainer Exercise At Three Different Grade And Resistance Settings, Katherine A. Wehmeyer

Masters Theses

The study compared the effects of elliptical trainer exercise at different grade (G) and resistance (R) settings on the following variables: (a) heart rate, (b) heart rate as a percentage of maximum heart rate, (c) relative VO₂, (d) relative VO₂ as a percentage of VO₂ max, (e) absolute energy cost, (f) relative energy cost, (g) RPE for legs, (h) RPE for chest, and (i) RPE for overall body. Heart rate, relative VO₂, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, and RPE were measured as 30 subjects completed nine experimental conditions. The experimental conditions consisted of striding forward on …

The Role Physical Maturation Plays When Children Perform The Presidential Fitness Test, Anil M. Joseph

Masters Theses

The problem of the study was to determine the relationship between maturational age and performance on the Presidential Fitness Test. Seventy three subjects, boys and girls ranging in age from 8 to 12 years were involved in the study. It was the intent of the researcher to determine the relationship between maturational age and performance on The Presidential Fitness Test. The Roche, Wainer and Thissen (RWT) (Roche, Wainer, & Thissen, 1975) method of maturation was used to establish maturational age for all the subjects. The researcher used data that waere previously collected by Spring Arbor College for this current research. …

The Biomechical Analysis Of The Kinetics And Kinematics For Three Figure Skating Jumps, Laura Blazok

Masters Theses

The problem of this investigation was to describe the kinetics and kinematics of three figure skating jumps: axel, double toe loop, and double loop. Specifically, the researcher investigated impact force, kinetic energy, and selected kinematic variables of female skaters during the landing phase of the three figure skating jumps. Kinetic energy and impact force were calculated during three phases of landing: Initial, Mid, and Final. Each of these phases represented a third of the time spent in landing each of the jumps. The kinematic variables measured during the landing phase of the jumps were vertical velocity, horizontal velocity, shoulder rotation, …

A Biomedical Analysis Of The Walking Patterns Of Blind Individuals Who Consistently Veer, Beth Engler

Masters Theses

The problem of the study was to describe the gait patterns of congenitally blind adults who veer when attempting to walk in a straight path. Specifically, the investigation compared the walking patterns of blind subjects to the walking patterns of sighted subjects as described in the literature and compared the symmetry between the right and left sides of the body. Results indicated: (a) no significant difference among the three trials for pelvic rotation, foot position at foot plant, knee angle, shoulder rotation, vertical displacement of the center of gravity, ankle angle, thigh angle, foot displacement, left step length, and trunk …

The Safety And Efficacy Of Resistance Training For Chronic Heart Failure Patients, John B. Coleman

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of resistance training (RT) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Two retrospective CHF patient groups were assessed pre and post 4-week participation at the Borgess Health and Fitness Center CHF Clinic. The first group participated only in monitored aerobic exercise (AG, N= 10), while the second group participated in monitored aerobic exercise along with the six experimental RT exercises (ARG, N= 10). The safety parameters measured during the aerobic and RT exercises were incidence of new onset arrhythmia and rate pressure products (RPP). The efficacy parameters measured were …

A Comparative Analysis Of Walking Patterns Between Genu Varum And Normal Subjects, Nerline Varda Maurisseau

Masters Theses

The problem was to compare angular and linear kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF), temporal changes, and electromyography (EMG) of selected muscles while walking one gait cycle to a metronome set at 100 beats per minute (bpm) between genu varum and normal men, ages 20-25 years. Results indicated: (a) the Normal Group had a lower stride time than the Genu Varum Group, although the results were not significantly different; (b) the Normal Group showed greater range of motion in the ankle, knee, hip rotation, and tibial rotation angles-however, the results were not significantly different; (c) there was no significant difference in …

The Fair Play Project: Evaluation Of Ethical-Value Choices In An Educational Sportsmanship Program, C. Bruce Martin

Masters Theses

The erosion of ethical values of athletes and the rise of unsportsmanlike behaviors by our nation's athletic programs is at near epidemic levels. This study evaluated the four-year Fair Play Project intervention in its attempt to correct the problem of poor sportsmanship behaviors created by a lack of ethical reasoning. Beginning in the summer of 1996 as an initiative from athletic directors representing an interscholastic athletic conference in Southwest Michigan, the Fair Play Project had four goals: (I) Plan and implement an annual student leadership conference; (2) Create a school-based student Sportsmanship Task Force in order to improve the sportsmanship …

Temporal And Emg Relationships Among The Phases Of Vertical And Depth Jumps, Amanda Albright

Masters Theses

Plyometric exercises blend speed and strength training and are often used to help an athlete reach his or her ultimate power potential. Specifically, plyometric training is a technique that enhances neuromuscular excitability, which may in tum increase the ability to achieve a greater work output.

The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal and EMG differences between two different jumping techniques: a vertical jump and depth jumps of varying heights. The study consisted of 20 female physical education majors grouped as skilled or unskilled. Temporal and EMG data were collected for (a) the duration of time spent in …

The Effects Of Supplemental Protein On Urea Nitrogen Excretion In Women 40-70 Years Old, Tammy D. Moran

Masters Theses

The problem of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental liquid protein in women 40-70 years of age over a 4-week period. Weeks 1 and 3 served as the control period. During this time, no particular diet regime was required, but protein drinks were prohibited. The treatment condition occurred during Weeks 2 and 4. During this time, subjects consumed two protein drinks each day for a period of 7 days. Twenty-four hour urine collections occurred at the end of each week. Urine was analyzed for the presence of urea nitrogen. The dependent variables were urinary urea nitrogen, self-perceived …