Education Commons^™

Effects Of Blood-Flow Restriction On Hemodynamic And Cardiorespiratory Responses To Aerobic Exercise Testing, Jordan H. Stovall, Stacy D. Hunter, John L. Walker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood-flow restriction (BFR) training has grown increasingly popular in the world of resistance training with noted benefits for muscle health in healthy individuals as well as a potential alternate training mode for populations who cannot tolerate high-intensity exercise. Although BFR resistance training is well-studied, its effects on hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise are not clearly established. PURPOSE: to evaluate hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise with and without BFR during submaximal treadmill exercise testing. METHODS: Ten healthy, physically active college students participated in two testing sessions, separated by ~7 days, completing a modified Balke treadmill …

Recovery Of Hindlimb Bone Mass Following Prolonged Disuse, Nicholas A. Igbinigie, Corinne Metzger, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to mechanical loads placed on it. For populations with extensive periods of disuse, like those in prolonged bed rest and astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, significant bone loss can occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolonged disuse on weight-bearing bones and the length of time needed to recover disuse-induced bone loss utilizing the hindlimb unloading (HU) method in young rodents. We hypothesized that hindlimb bone mass would partially recover to age-matched control levels by 14 days of recovery following prolonged disuse and fully recover by 90 days of …

Coagulation Activation Pathway May Be Altered In Individuals Comorbid With Hiv And Type 2 Diabetes, Anthony Wolfe, Julie Zuniga, Michelle Harrison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The expected lifespan of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has increased significantly due to improved treatment options. However, an unintended consequence has been an increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It is therefore important to explore the underlying biological mechanisms for this increased risk of T2D among PLWH since it is not yet well understood. Investigation of specific biomarkers could help define the pathogenesis of T2D in PLWH and yield many positive outcomes including the detection of ‘at risk’ individuals as targets of early interventional strategies along with identification of new diagnostic …

Potential Diurnal Variation In Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Collected Skeletal Muscle Mass Measures: A Pilot Study, Jeb F. Struder, Daniel Newmire

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle mass (SKMM) is ~30 to ~40 % of total body weight. Measuring SKMM is an important assessment for both exercise and nutritional research. There is biological variation in dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimates related to subject presentation, changes in tissue hydration, as well as GI tract contents. The consumption of water alone may increase lean mass estimates. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine how normal daily activities (e.g. eating, sleeping, exercise) may influence SKMM measures using DXA. METHODS: (Mean ± SEM; n = 8; ht: 170.2 ± 8.1 cm; wt: 70.6 ± 5.1 …

Plantar Fasciitis, Ashley Brown, Chuck Ruot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: During the initial meeting with the patient, they will describe an intense pain they have been experiencing in their calcaneal region. This type of pain is prevalent as an overload injury, excessive foot pronation during walking or exercise, or obesity. Other risks for plantar fasciitis would be prolonged running periods, high arch, leg length discrepancy, or tightness of the Achilles tendon. Usually the patient states experience of a sharp pain in the mornings when they first get up, after standing for a long time, or after sitting down and resting for a period of time. …

Influence Of Age And Gender On Indoor Rowing Performance, Briana N. Dawkins, Stephen J. Roy, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physiological functional capacity is important in determining one’s ability to perform functional tasks and can be determined by studying peak exercise performance. Rowing is a unique sport requiring substantial muscle strength as well as high endurance capacity. Since it is a non-weight bearing activity, a number of older adults in general and older women in particular engage in this activity as they age. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between aging, gender, and exercise task duration using indoor rowing performance records. METHODS: World records from indoor rowing events were analyzed and plotted against age (17-99 years of age) in …

The Effect Of Repeated 40 Meter Sprint Trials On Salivary Cortisol In Elite Youth Female Soccer Players, Michael D. Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Todd Castleberry, Ryan A. Gordon, Ola Kayed, Manisha Rao, Ada Simpson, Matt Sokoloski, Emily L. Zumbro, Vic Ben-Ezra, Kyle Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The outcome of an intense exercise session is a stress response, potentially resulting in an increase in circulating cortisol. The acute cortisol response due to intense exercise may vary when comparing elite youth athletes and may not be noticeable in athletic performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare salivary cortisol responses between older (17-19 yo) and younger (11-13 yo) elite female soccer players after repeated 40m sprint trials. METHODS: All participants (n=8) were current United States Soccer Federation Development Academy players. Participants were placed into young (n=4, mean ± SD; age 12 ± 0 yrs; …

Functional Hyperemia Is Attenuated In Type 1 Diabetic Rats Following Static Hindlimb Contraction, Charles Kikutaro Crawford, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Kai Ybarbo, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Functional hyperemia is a responsive, localized increase in blood flow following muscular contraction, which results from the accumulation of metabolites in the contracted region. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with reduced vascular function and an abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise; it is not known, however, if the reactive increase in blood flow succeeding exercise is also impaired in T1DM. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T1DM on functional hyperemia following static muscle contraction. METHODS: We injected (i.p.) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) in male and female Sprague Dawley …

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 Is Upregulated In Early Stage Type 1 Diabetic Rats, Yu Huo, Michelle Harrison, Audrey Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation. T1DM patients are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation, and this is reflected by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. However, the time point at which these pro-inflammatory cytokines become elevated is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the early stage of T1DM. METHODS: We injected (i.p) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) into male and female Sprague Dawley rats …

Mental Toughness In Sport: Moving Towards Conceptual Clarity And Consensus, Thejasvi Anantasagar, Kassi Abbott, Andreas Stamatis, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although in the past three decades Mental Toughness (MT) has been very popular, recent systematic reviews of the literature reveal that its conceptualization remains vague. The definitional issues and conceptual discrepancies have been hindering both research and practice. PURPOSE: To add on the current state of knowledge and facilitate researchers and practitioners by collating available evidence in regards to construct definitions proposed in literature and by presenting aggregated data about their usage. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases of Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus. Only papers in the English language were included. Cases studies and …

The Effects Of Prior Aerobic Exercise On Lipid And Lipoprotein Responses Following A High-Carbohydrate Meal In Postmenopausal Women, Adam R. Gloeckner, Sarah Bailey, Andreas Kreutzer, Emily Garrity, Lachristina Adams, Carmen Cook, Meena Shah, Beverly Adams-Huet, Dennis J. Cheek, Jada Stevenson, Joel B. Mitchell Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Elevations in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations have been associated with the consumption of high-carbohydrate (CHO) meals. It is not clear if aerobic exercise performed prior to consuming a high-CHO meal will improve blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. PURPOSE: To observe if prior aerobic exercise improves lipid and lipoprotein concentrations following a meal high in CHO in post-menopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-two post-menopausal women completed 2 trials, one with exercise (EX) and the other without exercise (NE), in a randomized cross-over design, with a washout period of 7 days. The EX trial required the completion of 60 min of treadmill …

The Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability And Skeletal Muscle Damage In Female Collegiate Athletes, Brett Crossland, Matt Sokoloski, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an accurate indicator of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity. With athletes, HRV analysis can be a useful tool in analyzing the readiness to train, recovery status, and chronic adaptations to training, and overtraining. Skeletal muscle damage, which can be an outcome of overtraining, may be assessed using biomarkers in the blood, including creatine kinase (CK). The relationship between skeletal muscle damage and measures of HRV with regards to performance is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between HRV measures and serum CK concentrations. A secondary purpose …

Creating A Type I Diabetic Rat With Streptozotocin, Kai Ybarbo, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

The American Heart Association (AHA) recognizes diabetes as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to the destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. A common model for studying T1D is the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rat. STZ targets and destroys beta cells of the pancreas and therefore causes the rats to develop T1D. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to describe the procedure for inducing T1D in a in vivo rat model, to study the cardiovascular responses to exercise. METHODS: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were …

Effect Of Prior Aerobic Exercise On High-Sugar Meal Induced Endothelial Dysfunction In Postmenopausal Women, Sarah Bailey, Adam Gloeckner, Andreas Kreutzer, Emily Garrity, Lachristina Adams, Carmen Cook, Joel B. Mitchell Ph.D., Dennis J. Cheek, Jonathan Oliver, Melody D. Phillips, Meena Shah

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-sugar meals may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is unclear if aerobic exercise performed 13-16 h prior to consumption of a high-sugar meal (HSM) attenuates endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women (PMW). PURPOSE: To examine if prior aerobic exercise attenuates endothelial dysfunction induced by a HSM in PMW. METHODS: Twenty-two PMW were recruited for the study. All subjects completed 2 trials, one with exercise (EX) and the other without exercise (NE), in a randomized cross-over design, with a washout period of ≥ 7 days. During the EX trial, the subjects completed a 60 min bout of supervised aerobic exercise, at …

Effects Of Fluid Consumption Volumes On Fluid Retention During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols, Shelby L. Greene, Elizaveta Roslanova, David M. Morris

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Numerous investigations have supported the use of sodium-aided hyperhydration to improve hydration status and exercise performance in the heat. Sodium-aided hyperhydration studies typically utilize fluid volumes ranging from 10 - 25 mL ∙ kg bm^-1; however, optimum fluid consumption volumes have not been identified. While it may seem logical that larger fluid consumption volumes would promote greater hyperhydration, excessive expansion of plasma volume could stimulate high-pressure baroreceptors and promote excessive diuresis. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different fluid consumption volumes on fluid retention during a sodium-aided hyperhydration protocol. METHODS: Urine excretion was measured during four …

Body Weight Support On Anti-Gravity Treadmill Induces Less Physiological Strain While Running, Ryan A. Gordon, Chris Irvine, Michael Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Kyle D. Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anti-gravity treadmill developed by AlterG® can be used as an alternative to traditional treadmill running. The AlterG® unloads an individual’s body weight through lower body positive pressure (LBPP) and can support up to 80% of an individual’s body weight. The cardiorespiratory response resulting from a bout of exercise on an AlterG® treadmill may be attenuated compared to similar exercise on a traditional treadmill. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of running at 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% of body weight support (BWS) on the AlterG® to a traditional treadmill. METHODS: Ten …

Exploring Health Related Lifestyle Habits And Influences In Rural India, Priyanka Aranha

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) diabetes in India is projected to increase from 31.7 million in 2000 to 79.4 million in 2030. This drastic growth clearly outlines the need for an increase in both awareness and education. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to collaborate with the non-governmental organization, Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency (MYRADA), to develop an understanding of the perspective towards diabetes in the Chitradurga District. Methods: Focus groups were developed within eight villages to discuss lifestyle behaviors (i.e. level of physical activity, leisure time, occupation, nutritional habits, alcohol and tobacco …

Wireless Exercise Monitoring Enhances Cancer Rehabilitation Program, Megan L. Bowlin, Rachel A. Kelley, Hannah L. Lynam, Nathan E. Hall, Emily K. Jost, Emily G. Bontekoe, Natalie G. Kieffer, Dani S. Ingle, Kori E. Ferguson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cancer rehabilitation increases functional capacity (FC) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Exercise monitoring enhances program safety and effectiveness. Advanced monitoring technology and devices may further enhance program quality and integrity. PURPOSE: Examine the use of the Zephyr BioHarness in monitoring and analyzing physiological parameters during a 12-week cancer rehabilitation program. METHODS: Oklahoma cancer survivors (CS) and caregivers (CG) are recruited to participate in the OBU CARES Program, an evidence-based cancer rehabilitation program designed to promote healthy lifestyles, increase FC, and enhance HRQOL. Programming includes an orientation session, fitness testing, exercise prescriptions (ExRx), and supervised exercise sessions. ExRx …

Validity Of Vertical Jump Measuring Devices, Samuel Montalvo, Sandor Dorgo, Colton Tune, Cassie Sapien, Matthew Gonzalez, Jose Sanchez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The vertical jump has been used to assess athleticism in explosive sports. Field measuring methods have been recently introduced to the market. Some of these devices have been previously validated, however, they have not been validated by an independent research institute nor have been concurrently validated in the same training session. PURPOSE: This research intends to conduct an independent validation of alternative vertical jump devices and to validate multiple devices within the same training session. METHODS: 50 physically active University students were recruited for this study. The subjects performed a self-paced 5 minute jog on a treadmill as …

Effect Of Oral Rinsing With Pre-Workout On Cycling Time Trial Performance, Michaela S. Pollaro, Victoria R. Lansford, Andrew M. Avila, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There is evidence that oral rinsing with a carbohydrate solution can have similar effects on aerobic performance compared to consuming the beverage, but less is known of sugar-free and pre-workout beverages. PURPOSE: to examine the effects of oral rinsing with a pre-workout supplement on aerobic performance. METHODS: After recording age (32.4±12.1 yrs), height (173.2±11.2 cm), and weight (76.8±14.8 kg), eleven participants rinsed 10 sec with either 2.5 oz. of carbohydrate (CHO), sugar-free pre-workout (PWO), or a sugar-free placebo (CN) beverage. Participants were interfaced with a metabolic analyzer and resting measurements were collected after two minutes. Participants then cycled …

The Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Training On Measures Of Strength And Body Composition In College Age Females, Alecia Ann Hicks, Garrett Brandon, Deborah Chandler, Riley Ripley, Austin Torisk, Alison Warnecke, Peggie Williamson, Stacie Urbina, Lem Taylor, Colin Wilborn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a non-invasive technique that uses wraps, bands, or inflated blood pressure cuffs to alter blood flow within targeted muscles. BFR has been seen as a means to potentially help people build muscle mass and strength faster while they are exercising. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the body composition and strength changes resulting from traditional resistance training without BFR to the changes resulting from resistance training combined with BFR. METHODS: 21 females with at least one year of resistance training experience were recruited to participate in the study. Participants …

Acute Effects Of Yoga On A Vibration Platform On Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Flexibility, And Vertical Jump, Ricardo Parra, Elijah Lopez, Jason Mendoza, Joshua Fronk, Arnold Jimenez, Ashley Rivas, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Both yoga and whole-body vibration exercise may have a wide-range of positive effects independent of each other. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of yoga performed on and off a vibration platform on blood pressure, flexibility, and vertical jump. METHODS: Subjects (n = 14; 9 females, 5 males; mean age = 22.5 ±1.9) completed 3randomized protocols of yoga on and off a vibration platform. The testing protocols were: 1) yoga poses on vibration platform with low frequency and low amplitude (PPL), 2) yoga poses on platform with high frequency and high amplitude …

Insulin Sensitivity Effects On Peripheral Vascular Responses To Fmd In Metabolic Syndrome Women., Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Annajita A. Rubio, Shannon Jackson, Matthew A. Barlow

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sedentary populations with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have presented with impaired vascular dysfunction, including vasodilation reduced 40-50%. The mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction has also been associated to the bioavailability of nitric oxide levels and in metabolic compromised individuals the diminished content of endothelial NO are a prime mechanistic target for study. PURPOSE: We hypothesize that decreased reactive hyperemia observed in MetSyn compared to age matched-control patients are primarily due to mechanistic dysfunction of the eNOS pathway and lower Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI). METHODS: 30 participants (10 MetSyn and 20 Controls) completed brachial FMD testing and vascular …

Acute High Dietary Phosphate Consumption Impairs Macrovascular, But Not Microvascular Function In Young, Healthy Men, Brandi Y. Stephens, Jasdeep Kaur, Jennifer R. Vranish, Thales C. Barbosa, Auburn L. Johnson, Jeanette Blankenship, Paul J. Fadel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic consumption of inorganic phosphate (P_i) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Importantly, with the growing abundance of processed foods, dietary intake of P_i in the United States has doubled the daily-recommended amount. However, the influence of acute consumption of high P_i on the cardiovascular system is not clearly understood, with equivocal results reported. Shuto et al. demonstrated that acute consumption of high P_i results in an impairment of endothelial function in healthy subjects, whereas a recent study by Levac et al. has refuted this finding. Moreover, these …

Exercise-Induced Improvement In Oxygen Consumption At Ventilatory Threshold Is Unaffected By Family History Of Diabetes, Christopher Figueroa, Manuel Amador, Cesar Meza, Mario Garcia, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A family history of type 2 diabetes (FH+) has been reported to increase the risk for insulin resistance. However it is unknown whether a family history of diabetes impairs lipid oxidation capacity. PURPOSE: To investigate if FH impacts lipid oxidation capacity and oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold (VT). Additionally, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise training on resting lipid oxidation and oxygen consumption at VT in healthy, sedentary, Mexican American males with and without (FH-) a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 19 sedentary, normoglycemic, Mexican American males underwent 8 weeks of combined …

Five Week Summer School Program Improved Glucose And Lipoprotein Profiles In Hispanic Female High School Students, Benjamin Son, Anna Bergquist, Rachel Meach, Kyung-Shin Park, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There has been a drastic rise in obese children and adolescents in the past few decades. Evidence suggests that adolescents decrease physical activity during the summer months, contributing to this rise. Purpose: To investigate whether a 5-week summer school program involving physical activity has an effect on plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles among Hispanic female high school students. Methods: Thirty-three female high school students (15-17 years) from an underprivileged Hispanic area in southern Texas were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that participated in a summer school program (n=17) or a control group that did not …

Irisin Treatment During Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease In An Rodent Model Improves Bone Formation Rate, Anne M. Anderson, Corinne Metzger, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to many stressors including physical stress and certain disease states. Chronic systemic inflammatory conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), result in increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation leading to low bone mass and high fracture incidence. There currently are no effective, safe treatments for IBD. Irisin is a hormone that is released during exercise and has previously been shown to increase bone mass. PURPOSE: Determine if exogenous treatment with irisin can mitigate the inflammatory insult of chronic IBD on bone. We hypothesized that young male rats with induced IBD and treatment …

Effects Of An Acute Strength And Conditioning Bout On Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Results, Jason R. Lytle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess body composition have become increasingly popular, especially in athletic populations. Acute factors, such as hydration status and food intake have been shown to alter DXA results (Tinsley, MSSE 2016). It is currently not known if prior strength and conditioning bouts may alter fat mass, lean mass, and bone density results. PURPOSE: To determine if a strength and conditioning (S&C) bout, similar to what athletes regularly engage in, will alter the fat mass, lean mass, and bone content results of a DXA scan. METHODS: Fourteen strength-trained subjects (10 men, 4 women, age 24 …

Assessment Of Total Plasma Macronutrient Contents By Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Following High-Fat Diet And Exercise, Jarrett Walbolt, Arish Bheraiya, Susanna Hamsley, Raegan Chunn, David Gresch, Olademehin Latunde, Sung Kim, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat-low carbohydrate (HFLC) diets are a common approach to enhancing overall health and performance in endurance runners. Total macronutrient contents in plasma may change in response to diet and exercise. PURPOSE: To examine the responses of total plasma macronutrient contents in trained males following dietary manipulation in combination with aerobic exercise. METHODS: Eight distance runners that typically consumed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets switched to a HFLC diet for 3 weeks. The caloric intake during the HFLC intervention derived from 70% fats with ≤ 50g of carbohydrates. Participants maintained their normal fitness routines. Indoor treadmill exercise for 50 minutes …

Effects Of Twenty Sessions Core Stability Exercise On Functional Movement And Balance, Joungbo Ko, Jongil Lim, Jiyeon Kim, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

People often experience lower limb injury due to sport activities or falls in their daily life. Core stability exercise may contribute to prevent or minimize the chronic discomfort in skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core stability exercise for subjects who have mild discomfort of the lower limb. METHODS: Participants (N=20, 32.3±8.6 yrs, male and female) were randomly divided in two different groups: 10 in the control group and 10 in the exercise group performing core stability exercise program. The core stability exercise consisted of ten main exercises including modified mat pilates …