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Singapore Management University

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Full-Text Articles in Technology and Innovation

Soaps, Creams And Strips: Procter & Gamble’S Approach To Innovation, Knowledge@Smu Sep 2009

Soaps, Creams And Strips: Procter & Gamble’S Approach To Innovation, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Innovate to give the customers what they desire -- it may sound like a simple and straightforward mantra for success in business, but many companies find themselves struggling to be gainfully innovative! Throw in ‘fickle-minded consumers’ and ‘a myriad of competitor offerings’ into the mix and the challenge magnifies glaringly. Yet, Procter and Gamble (P&G), a 172-year-old company, has somehow managed to get it right – and with more than 300 brands across 80 countries. Dr Shekhar Mitra, P&G’s Senior Vice-President of Research and Development, offers Singapore Management University an insider look into the innovation principles that guide one of …

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Changing The World, One Laptop At A Time, Knowledge@Smu Sep 2009

Changing The World, One Laptop At A Time, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

When Nicholas Negroponte mooted the idea of a US$100 laptop four years ago, he was met with scepticism. Undaunted, he and his team signed up partners and sponsors. Today, the end product, once described as “impossible”, is said to be inspiration behind netbooks. However, technological advancement was not the driving force behind the XO, as this laptop is called. Negroponte was motivated, instead, by the educational needs of developing nations, seeing that a large number of children in these countries receive little or no education. But just how far can inexpensive laptops go to address the needs of poverty-stricken communities?

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A Dialectic Perspective On Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, And Ambidexterity, Ronald Bledow, Michael Frese, Neil Anderson, Miriam Erez, James Farr Sep 2009

A Dialectic Perspective On Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, And Ambidexterity, Ronald Bledow, Michael Frese, Neil Anderson, Miriam Erez, James Farr

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Innovation, the development and intentional introduction of new and useful ideas by individuals, teams, and organizations, lies at the heart of human adaptation. Decades of research in different disciplines and at different organizational levels have produced a wealth of knowledge about how innovation emerges and the factors that facilitate and inhibit innovation. We propose that this knowledge needs integration. In an initial step toward this goal, we apply a dialectic perspective on innovation to overcome limitations of dichotomous reasoning and to gain a more valid account of innovation. We point out that individuals, teams, and organizations need to self-regulate and …

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Between Innovation And Legitimation-Boundaries And Knowledge Flow In Management Consultancy, Andrew Sturdy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Robin Fincham, Karen Handley Sep 2009

Between Innovation And Legitimation-Boundaries And Knowledge Flow In Management Consultancy, Andrew Sturdy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Robin Fincham, Karen Handley

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Management consultancy is seen by many as a key agent in the adoption of new management ideas and practices in organizations. Two contrasting views are dominant-consultants as innovators, bringing new knowledge to their clients or as legitimating client knowledge. Those few studies which examine directly the flow of knowledge through consultancy in projects with clients favour the innovator view and highlight the important analytical and practical value of boundaries-consultants as both knowledge and organizational outsiders. Likewise, in the legitimator view, the consultants' role is seen in terms of the primacy of the organizational boundary. By drawing on a wider social …

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How To Optimize Knowledge Sharing In A Factory Network, Arnoud De Meyer, Ann Vereecke Sep 2009

How To Optimize Knowledge Sharing In A Factory Network, Arnoud De Meyer, Ann Vereecke

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Designing a manufacturing network entails devising and managing flows of innovation and know-how—not just determining what to produce and where—and organizing the resulting logistics flows.

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Understanding Early Diffusion Of Digital Wireless Phones, Robert J. Kauffman, Angsana A. Techatassanasoontorn Sep 2009

Understanding Early Diffusion Of Digital Wireless Phones, Robert J. Kauffman, Angsana A. Techatassanasoontorn

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

There is increasing empirical evidence from academic research and strong recognition among policymakers that wide diffusion and innovative uses of digital wireless phones are important sources of a country's economic growth and social development. Adopters do not necessarily adopt digital wireless phones at the same time though. Although the diffusion of innovation theory suggests five adopter categories according to their degree of innovativeness, this approach lacks theoretical justification and, more importantly, it makes a critical assumption of a normal distribution of adopters that needs empirical validation. This study investigates the basis for defining different adopter categories and factors that affect …

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The Importance Of Being Earnest… In Cyberspace, Knowledge@Smu Aug 2009

The Importance Of Being Earnest… In Cyberspace, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Community websites are increasingly viewed as treasure troves of opinions, from restaurant service to hotel accommodations, from mobile phone reviews to reliability ratings of an online auctioneer. An underlying factor behind the success of such websites is the implicit trust between users – to offer unbiased, accurate views. Consequently, a trustworthy online community puts users at ease to make decisions and perform transactions confidently. So web administrators would do well to maintain a trusting online community, if only to keep the cash tills a-ringing. But is it possible to measure or monitor something as unquantifiable as inter-user trust?

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Plus Ça Change: Innovation And The Spirit Of Enterprise In Tocqueville’S America, Christine Dunn Henderson Aug 2009

Plus Ça Change: Innovation And The Spirit Of Enterprise In Tocqueville’S America, Christine Dunn Henderson

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Tocqueville describes the spirit of enterprise—along with the taste for material well-being—as “the distinctive characteristic” of the American people. This paper explores the American spirit of innovation and enterprise, beginning with the centrality of this spirit for America's commercial greatness. Tocqueville observes that the taste for innovation is a part of American national character, and its roots can be traced to the equality of conditions which characterizes democratic life. But the same equality of conditions which promotes the spirit of innovation also can also threaten it, for equality of conditions paradoxically encourages individuals both to rely upon their own judgment …

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Think Outside Your Box: Enhancing Creativity Through Multicultural Interactions, Knowledge@Smu Jul 2009

Think Outside Your Box: Enhancing Creativity Through Multicultural Interactions, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Creative ideas are often the result of two or more seemingly non-overlapping concepts. The more we expose ourselves to diverse experiences, the more likely we might be to sample from a richer pool of ideas, thereby facilitating our creativity, and by extension for some, organisational innovation. This is because experience lowers our resistance and increases our readiness to sample foreign concepts. Angela Leung, an assistant professor of psychology at Singapore Management University, notes that while ideas from differing cultural experiences can be recruited as intellectual resources, several factors inhibit our ability to draw on these experiences, thus impeding our creative …

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Academics Or Entrepreneurs? Investigating Role Identity Modification Of University Scientists Involved In Commercialization Activity, Sanjay Jain, Gerard George, Mark Maltarich Jul 2009

Academics Or Entrepreneurs? Investigating Role Identity Modification Of University Scientists Involved In Commercialization Activity, Sanjay Jain, Gerard George, Mark Maltarich

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Establishing the microfoundations of academic entrepreneurship requires closer scrutiny of a key actor contributing to this phenomenon—the university scientist. We investigate the sense-making that scientists engage in as part of their participation in technology transfer and postulate that this process involves a potential modification in their role identity. We analyzed more than 70 h of interview data at a premier U.S. public research university. We observe that scientists invoke rationales for involvement that are congruent with their academic role identity. They typically adopt a hybrid role identity that comprises a focal academic self and a secondary commercial persona. We delineate …

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Knowledge Production In Innovative Firms Under Uncertain Intellectual Property Conditions, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang Jun 2009

Knowledge Production In Innovative Firms Under Uncertain Intellectual Property Conditions, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Knowledge is a valuable and strategic asset that affects how firms and organizations innovate and compete. This study addresses how uncertain intellectual property right (IPR) conditions impact knowledge production and accumulation in different types of innovative firms and organizations, especially when they operate or develop innovations across different IPR institutions.

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Categories In Evaluation Of Innovative Activities Of Competing Firms, Xuesong Geng Jun 2009

Categories In Evaluation Of Innovative Activities Of Competing Firms, Xuesong Geng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

I examine how the stock market evaluation of a firm’s innovative activities is influenced by the categorization of the firm and its rivals. I find that innovations that blur the industry boundaries cause negative evaluation bias, but the competing innovations by outside industry firms cause positive evaluation bias in firm valuation.

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Microfinance In Asia: Not So Risky, Not So Micro, Knowledge@Smu May 2009

Microfinance In Asia: Not So Risky, Not So Micro, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Microfinance is proving to be a successful way to help the rural poor and disadvantaged improve their economic conditions by running their own businesses. However, the current economic crisis has reduced funding available for this pool. But with a proven strong credit history and improvements in technology, microfinancing is now seen as more than just as a nice social obligation. In the words of Nhan Phan Cu, a speaker at a recent seminar on this issue, microfinance in Asia is less risky than investment banking. However, the economic outlook poses some challenges.

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Cultural Analytics: A New Field That Combines Arts, Media And It, Knowledge@Smu Apr 2009

Cultural Analytics: A New Field That Combines Arts, Media And It, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

The volume of digital data is exploding, driven largely by visuals, text, video and other cultural content. Just about everyone can be a “culture professional”. Thus, there is a need to find ways to track and make sense of the growing cultural data volume. Cultural analytics, as this new field is called, is a combination and extension of arts, media and IT. The study of this field will have applications far and wide-ranging, says Lev Manovich, a professor of visual arts at University of California.

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The Strategies Of Chinese And Indian Software Multinationals: Implications For Internationalization Theory, Jorge Niosi, F. Ted Tschang Apr 2009

The Strategies Of Chinese And Indian Software Multinationals: Implications For Internationalization Theory, Jorge Niosi, F. Ted Tschang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

China and India are emerging as major entrants into the international software industry. Both are rapidly learning through outsourcing with multinational enterprises (MNEs) from advanced nations, yet their paths to this dynamic sector are very different. Chinese software firms have focused on their domestic market by working with foreign MNEs, while they move cautiously abroad. Indian firms, which are already large, continue to expand overseas as well as to climb the value chain. Different approaches to MNEs provide useful perspectives. At the same time, the innovation systems approach is necessary to explain the foundations of the industry. The article provides …

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Me-Business Model: Building Value From Consumer Created Content, Knowledge@Smu Feb 2009

Me-Business Model: Building Value From Consumer Created Content, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

As more businesses move from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and Web 3.0, they can benefit immensely from the insights gained through consumer generated intelligence. The newest customer-centric technologies shaping the Internet, and how they create opportunities for new business models, formed the theme of a talk by Andreas Weigend, former Chief Scientist at Amazon.com, at the Singapore Management University recently.

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Globality Is What Happens After Globalisation, Knowledge@Smu Feb 2009

Globality Is What Happens After Globalisation, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Globality is what happens after globalisation, say authors Hal Sirkin, Jim Hemerling and Arindam Bhattacharya of Boston Consulting Group in their book, Globality -- Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything, published last year. Incumbents, companies from developed economies, must face the challengers from emerging economies who are quickly shifting the balance.

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Collaboration With Mit Gaming Lab Fosters Industry Development In Singapore, Knowledge@Smu Feb 2009

Collaboration With Mit Gaming Lab Fosters Industry Development In Singapore, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Singapore aims to be a seedbed for the computing gaming industry. One educational initiative to develop in-country capacity is an ongoing gaming laboratory known as GAMBIT (Gamers, Asethetics, Mechanics, Business, Innovation, Technology), run jointly by MIT and Singapore’s Media Development Authority.

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Managing Information Technology Project Escalation And De-Escalation: An Approach-Avoidance Perspective, Gary Pan, Shan Ling Pan, Michael Newman Feb 2009

Managing Information Technology Project Escalation And De-Escalation: An Approach-Avoidance Perspective, Gary Pan, Shan Ling Pan, Michael Newman

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper presents an integrated theoretical process model for identifying , describing, and analyzing the complex escalation and de-escalation phenomena in software development projects. The approach-avoidance theory is used to integrate core elements of various escalation theories into a holistic, explanatory framework for the two phenomena. We use a process model to identify antecedent conditions, sequences of events, critical incidents, and outcomes over the course of a project. The analysis also operates at multiple levels: project, work, and environment. This highlights the recursive interactions between project, organizational work activities, and their contexts during the software project development process. By conceiving …

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Innovation Rules: A Step By Step Approach Towards Identifying New Innovation Opportunities, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu, Institute Of Innovation And Entrepreneurship Jan 2009

Innovation Rules: A Step By Step Approach Towards Identifying New Innovation Opportunities, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu, Institute Of Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Research Collection Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

This book is organized in three sections. The first section introduces twenty five innovation rules that reflect how innovations have progressed over time. The second section explains how the innovation rules can be used to identify possible innovation opportunities. The third section explains how to choose innovations for commercialization. Pay sufficient attention to each of the Innovation Rules when you read the first section. Each rule captures the introduction and evolution of successful innovations. Each rule is listed on one page and its description on the opposite page. Rules have more than one stage, the initial stage followed by one …

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Innovation: Not For The Non-Profit?, Sharifah Maisharah Mohamed Jan 2009

Innovation: Not For The Non-Profit?, Sharifah Maisharah Mohamed

Social Space

Is innovation a foreign language in the social sector? Sharifah Maisharah Mohamed studies the innovation conundrum in the non-profit world.

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New Models For Doing Business: An Interview With Ho Kwon Ping, Kwon Ping Ho Jan 2009

New Models For Doing Business: An Interview With Ho Kwon Ping, Kwon Ping Ho

Social Space

The business sector has been a tremendous source of innovation for the social space, giving the world social innovations such as microfinance and venture philanthropy. Business entrepreneur Ho Kwon Ping shares with Social Space his insights on how business principles can be applied to the social sector, and on the paradigm shifts needed in the commercial sector as well as in business schools.

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Big-Time Small-Scale Innovations, Corline Van Es, Chris Sigaloff Jan 2009

Big-Time Small-Scale Innovations, Corline Van Es, Chris Sigaloff

Social Space

Is there value in supporting small-scale, yet innovative projects? Based on their experience in Digital Pioneers – a programme supporting innovative Dutch civil society initiatives – Corline Van Es and Chris Sigaloff of Kennisland, Netherlands, make a case for this latest sector trend and the support it deserves.

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Socially Innovative Youth Projects In Asia, Lien Centre For Social Innovation Jan 2009

Socially Innovative Youth Projects In Asia, Lien Centre For Social Innovation

Social Space

The Lien Centre spotlights the creative efforts of four groups of tertiary students in spearheading new social projects in Asia.

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The Effects Of Patent Characteristics As Signals On The Growth Of Follow-On Innovations: Evidence From Chinese Patenting Activities In U.S, Wenxin Guo Jan 2009

The Effects Of Patent Characteristics As Signals On The Growth Of Follow-On Innovations: Evidence From Chinese Patenting Activities In U.S, Wenxin Guo

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

As global trade and business activities intensified, cross-national patenting activities have been playing an increasingly important role in the process of innovation accumulation and growth. However, few studies (to my knowledge) have examined the characteristics of cross-national patents and their relationship to the accumulation and growth of innovation, especially in the context of a developing versus a developed country.
Motivated by the anecdotal evidence and `Patent Signaling Theory'(Spence, 1973), I investigate the possible influential factors on the `quality' of a US patent with a Chinese priority (thereafter `US-CN' patent) and their impact on the growth of follow-on innovation. By developing …

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Threat-Balancing In Vendor Transition, Cecil Eng Huang Chua, Wee-Kiat Lim, Siew Kien Sia, Christina Soh Dec 2008

Threat-Balancing In Vendor Transition, Cecil Eng Huang Chua, Wee-Kiat Lim, Siew Kien Sia, Christina Soh

CCX Research

While many outsourcing contracts are expiring, and vendor transition is becoming an increasing concern, little research helps organizations manage vendor transition. This paper explores vendor transition across two case sites. In one case, the outgoing vendor cooperated with the client which resulted in the client distancing itself from interactions between vendors. In the second case, the outgoing vendor was openly hostile, with the result that the client allied with the incoming vendor to manage vendor transition. These findings mirror expectations from balance of threat theory, a political science theory about interactions between nations. Balance of threat theory predicts that outgoing …

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Milestone Payments Or Royalties? Contract Design For R&D Licensing, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve Nov 2008

Milestone Payments Or Royalties? Contract Design For R&D Licensing, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We study how innovators can optimally design licensing contracts when there is incomplete information on the licensee's valuation of the innovation, and limited control over the licensee's development efforts. A licensing contract typically contains an up-front payment, milestone payments at successful completion of a project phase, and royalties on sales. We use principal-agent models to formulate the licensor's contracting problem, and we find that under adverse selection, the optimal contract structure changes with the licensee's valuation of the innovation. As the licensee's valuation increases, the licensor's optimal level of involvement in the development-directly or through royalties-should decrease. Only a risk-averse …

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Entrepreneurs Are Serial Risktakers Not Gamblers, Says Phillip Phan, Knowledge@Smu Oct 2008

Entrepreneurs Are Serial Risktakers Not Gamblers, Says Phillip Phan, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

Entrepreneurs are not gamblers, believes Phillip Phan, management professor at Johns Hopkins University. He is also Tommie Goh visiting professor of entrepreneurship and business at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University (SMU). Phan delivered a lecture in Singapore recently about the essence of entrepreneurship, how to identify entrepreneurial opportunities, and the role of governments in supporting entrepreneurs.

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Lighting Up Rural Indonesia Through Community-Owned Hydropower Projects, Knowledge@Smu Oct 2008

Lighting Up Rural Indonesia Through Community-Owned Hydropower Projects, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

More than 105 million people, just under half the total population of Indonesia, are without electricity even today. 2006 Ashoka Foundation Fellow Tri Mumpuni, executive director of Indonesian NGO IBEKA (People Centred Economic and Business Institute), spoke at a forum -- organised by the Lien Centre for Social Innovation of the Singapore Management University -- about how IBEKA is helping to develop sustainable community enterprises in the energy sector.

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Origami’S Enterprise 2.0 Solution: The Next Frontier In Computing?, Knowledge@Smu Sep 2008

Origami’S Enterprise 2.0 Solution: The Next Frontier In Computing?, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

James Ong, founder and CEO of technology company, Origami Frontiers, exemplifies a new generation of western educated technocrats and market-savvy entrepreneurs. After nearly two decades in the US, Ong returned to his roots in 2002, fuelled by a vision to develop innovative enterprise solutions based on emerging Web 2.0 technologies. At a research seminar organised by the School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Ong described how he wanted to be a part of the technology revolution in Asia.

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