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Articles 31 - 60 of 184

Full-Text Articles in Taxation

Depreciation Of Office Buildings: Its Relation To The Income Tax, Joseph B. Hall, National Assocation Of Building Owners And Managers Jan 1925

Depreciation Of Office Buildings: Its Relation To The Income Tax, Joseph B. Hall, National Assocation Of Building Owners And Managers

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Accountants' Directory And Who's Who, Rita Perine Merritt, American Society Of Certified Public Accountants Jan 1925

Accountants' Directory And Who's Who, Rita Perine Merritt, American Society Of Certified Public Accountants

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Waiting For The Inventory, Comparisons Made Possible By Uniform Association’S Uniform Accounting System Show Why Some Succeed., L. G. Battelle Nov 1924

Waiting For The Inventory, Comparisons Made Possible By Uniform Association’S Uniform Accounting System Show Why Some Succeed., L. G. Battelle

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Classification Of Accounts For State Departments And Institutions Adopted October, 1, 1924, H. S. Mccleskey, Mississippi. State Accounting Department Jan 1924

Classification Of Accounts For State Departments And Institutions Adopted October, 1, 1924, H. S. Mccleskey, Mississippi. State Accounting Department

Individual and Corporate Publications

The primary purpose of a state accounting classification is to furnish adequate information regarding expenditures to (1) The State Auditor as a means of fiscal control, (2) the budget authorities as a basis for appropriation schedules, and (3) the spending agency itself.


Cost Standards In Shoe Manufacturing: A Necessary Guide To Profit-Making Management, F. Richmond Fletcher Jan 1924

Cost Standards In Shoe Manufacturing: A Necessary Guide To Profit-Making Management, F. Richmond Fletcher

Individual and Corporate Publications

To take up now the first of the points that I wish to discuss today: I think the average manufacturer has laid too much stress on the use of costs as a basis for determining selling prices, when, as a matter of fact, costs should be used primarily to determine the base below which there is no profit.


Perpetual Inventory And Stores Control [Revised], Chamber Of Commerce Of The United States Of America. Department Of Manufacture Jan 1924

Perpetual Inventory And Stores Control [Revised], Chamber Of Commerce Of The United States Of America. Department Of Manufacture

Individual and Corporate Publications

This pamphlet was first published early in 1922, when industry generally had not passed the period of industrial stagnation and inventories of raw and processed materials in the store rooms of manufacturers were excessive. Under such conditions, it was felt that a pamphlet on the control of inventories was particularly timely. The subject is no less timely now. Although conditions have changed, the changed conditions have brought with them a greater need than ever for the close control of every feature of the operation of manufacturing plants. Moreover, the principles of the perpetual inventory have been found universally applicable and …


Cost Of Overhead, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Policyholders' Service Bureau. Jan 1924

Cost Of Overhead, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Policyholders' Service Bureau.

Individual and Corporate Publications

THE problem of overhead is of a two-fold character. It is partly a question of policy, and partly of accounting method. There is no rigid line of separation between the two aspects of the overhead problem, but as far as possible this leaflet is limited to a consideration of overhead as a question of policy.


Budgetary Control For Business, James O. Mckinsey, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs Jan 1924

Budgetary Control For Business, James O. Mckinsey, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Record Keeping And Accounting Methods For Insurance Agents And Brokers, American System Company Jan 1924

Record Keeping And Accounting Methods For Insurance Agents And Brokers, American System Company

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


System Of Accounts And Reports For Building And Loan Associations, George G. Scott Jan 1923

System Of Accounts And Reports For Building And Loan Associations, George G. Scott

Individual and Corporate Publications

The underlying principles of an adequate system of accounts for building and loan associations does not differ from that of any other business operated for profit. The adequacy of the system is largely determined by the science and intelligence of the classification of the accounts and the completeness and accuracy of the recorded transactions. The entire system of accounts are divided into three distinct groups or divisions as shown in the chart and are as follows: First Group, Balance Sheet accounts, or the asset and liability accounts; Second Group, Profit and Loss accounts or the expense and income accounts; Third …


Outline Of Municipal Accounts, Leonard Beasley Jan 1923

Outline Of Municipal Accounts, Leonard Beasley

Individual and Corporate Publications

The purpose of this outline is to set forth a method by which the financial transactions of a municipality may be recorded in a simple yet adequate manner. It does not attempt to do more than show how the transactions may be handled and booked, so that their source, disposition and amount may be readily traced and understood, and to do this in a manner which will accord with the laws governing municipal finances. To do this it is necessary to assume that certain well approved methods of fiscal policy have been employed, although it is not possible to refer …


The Alarm Clock, Volume 2, Number 8, December 1, 1922, Horwath & Horwath Dec 1922

The Alarm Clock, Volume 2, Number 8, December 1, 1922, Horwath & Horwath

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Cost Accounting, Address Delivered At The Meeting Of The Iron League Of New York, Held April 13, 1922, F. W. Squires Apr 1922

Cost Accounting, Address Delivered At The Meeting Of The Iron League Of New York, Held April 13, 1922, F. W. Squires

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Consumers' Accounting In The Smaller Utility, W. G. Murfit, American Gas Association Jan 1922

Consumers' Accounting In The Smaller Utility, W. G. Murfit, American Gas Association

Individual and Corporate Publications

Now, in order to follow more closely my subject, Consumers' Accounting in the Smaller Utility, let me first explain what is meant by the smaller utility. The Consumers' Accounting Committee issued to company members several months ago a questionnaire regarding their accounting systems. It was evident from the answers received that the most headway would be gained by separating the companies into two classes, the large ones and the small ones, as, for obvious reasons, the accounting system in the large ones differs materially from that in the small ones. The line of demarcation was arbitrarily set at five thousand …


Requirements For Original Listing, New York Stock Exchange. Committee On Stock List Jan 1922

Requirements For Original Listing, New York Stock Exchange. Committee On Stock List

Individual and Corporate Publications

An application, conforming to these requirements, signed by an executive officer of the applying corporation, voting trustees, or depositary committees, and nine printed or typewritten copies must be filed with the Secretary of the Exchange at least five days prior to date set for consideration. Applications must be accompanied by the required papers and agreements, and by a check for one hundred dollars for each $1,000,000, or portion thereof, of each class of security (including stock of the par value of $100 per share) or for each 10,000 shares, or portion thereof, of stock of a par value of less …


What The Banker Expects From The Accountant, John N. Eaton Jan 1922

What The Banker Expects From The Accountant, John N. Eaton

Individual and Corporate Publications

What does a banker expect an audited statement to show? He expects that it will set forth a correct picture of all the assets and ail the liabilities of the company. And he expects that these various assets and liabilities will be classified and described with sufficient detail and exactness to enable him to form a satisfactory estimate of their value as a basis for granting credit.


Balance Sheets And Profit And Loss Statements: Analyzed And Defined For Business Executives, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs Committee On Industrial Accounting And Executive Reports Jan 1922

Balance Sheets And Profit And Loss Statements: Analyzed And Defined For Business Executives, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs Committee On Industrial Accounting And Executive Reports

Individual and Corporate Publications

The two basic reports which the chief executives of any business enterprise should receive currently are: 1. The Balance Sheet, and 2. The Statement of Profit and Loss. The Balance Sheet represents the financial condition of a business at a given date, and the Statement of Profit and Loss explains the change in net worth resulting from the industrial or business operations during a given period. The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and Loss are prepared not only for those who operate the business, but also for those who own it. These statements are useful from at least …


Accounting Simplified, G. W. Greenwood Jan 1922

Accounting Simplified, G. W. Greenwood

Individual and Corporate Publications

The object of this series of articles is to outline a method of accounting which gives to the management all information required concerning the business, but without wasting time, money and effort in collecting information which is not desired and which may not be used; and at the same time to furnish the required information by methods simpler, clearer and with less expenditure of time and money than are involved in the system of bookkeeping which they may be using at the present time.


Analytical Balance Sheets For Industrials, C. E. Woods Jan 1922

Analytical Balance Sheets For Industrials, C. E. Woods

Individual and Corporate Publications

From a financial point of view, investment; its use, control and returns, are the chief objects in every manufacturing business, and all activity should be with this clearly in mind. Looked at in fact, there are just three things, primarily, that tie money up in a manufacturing business, viz: Plant Inventory Accounts Receivable. Plant investment is fixed, or permanent; Inventory and Accounts Receivable are flexible and in these two latter lies the danger to successful administration, unless it is governed by a policy that will keep them well within the confines of the capital employed or available. It is this …


Scientific Allowance And Cost System For Upper Leather Cutting In Shoe Factories, W. W. Russ Jan 1922

Scientific Allowance And Cost System For Upper Leather Cutting In Shoe Factories, W. W. Russ

Individual and Corporate Publications

The aim of the authors of this book has been first to establish the proof that Allowances for Cutting Upper Leather can be reduced almost to an exact science. Second to put before the world so clearly, that any student of ordinary ability, whether a cutter or not, can understand our System of Allowances. The system described has been thoroughly tested and found to be as accurate as practical use will allow.


Financial Statements, An Explanation In Brief Of A System For Their Analysis From The Standpoint Of The Credit Grantor And The Business Executive, Robert Morris Associates Jan 1922

Financial Statements, An Explanation In Brief Of A System For Their Analysis From The Standpoint Of The Credit Grantor And The Business Executive, Robert Morris Associates

Individual and Corporate Publications

Financial statements are called for by banks in order to get a survey of the financial condition of the risk. Under even the closest and most careful analysis the study of any statement cannot cover the whole risk because there are other elements quite as important as the financial element which in many instances would entirely offset a poor or good financial showing. The elements in analysing a risk can be generally divided into three types. One element in a risk is the financial strength displayed. A second element is the so-called moral risk. The final element is the economic …


Office Record And Control For Insurance Agents And Brokers, American System Company Jan 1922

Office Record And Control For Insurance Agents And Brokers, American System Company

Individual and Corporate Publications

Insurance Agents and Brokers, whose lasting success is best measured by the thoroughness with which their trade and profession functions, apparently need a more orderly process of accounting and record keeping. The hit-and-miss methods of finances and the resultant cost and worry, a continual search and confusion of records, and an unnecessary waste of clerical time are conditions from which business typical of an Insurance Office greatly suffer. There are two contending factors in the business, one underwriting, the other record keeping, with each dependent upon the other. Underwriting, through its attended field of technical supervision, has reached at least …


Classification And Definitions Of Ledger Accounts, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs. Committee On Industrial Accounting And Executive Reports Jan 1922

Classification And Definitions Of Ledger Accounts, Boston Chamber Of Commerce. Bureau Of Commercial And Industrial Affairs. Committee On Industrial Accounting And Executive Reports

Individual and Corporate Publications

The classification of ledger accounts appearing on the following pages is not intended to fit the accounts of any one particular firm, or, in fact, of any one industry. It is at best only a broad treatment of representative accounts used in manufacturing industries. Likewise, the definitions are not intended to apply specifically to accounts found in any one ledger, but are intended to point out the particular group in which any account would fall. In using this classification, it should be remembered that the individual accounts will have to be set up according to the needs of each different …


Financial Statements: An Explanation In Brief Of A System For Their Analysis From The Standpoint Of The Credit Grantor And The Business Executive, Robert Morris Associates Jan 1922

Financial Statements: An Explanation In Brief Of A System For Their Analysis From The Standpoint Of The Credit Grantor And The Business Executive, Robert Morris Associates

Individual and Corporate Publications

Financial statements are called for by banks in order to get a survey of the financial condition of the risk. Under even the closest and most careful analysis the study of any statement cannot cover the whole risk because there are other elements quite as important as the financial element which in many instances would entirely offset a poor or good financial showing. The elements in analysing a risk can be generally divided into three types. One element in a risk is the financial strength displayed. A second element is the so-called moral risk. The final element is the economic …


Perpetual Inventory Or Stores Control, Chamber Of Commerce Of The United States Of America. Fabricated Production Department, E. W. Mccullough Jan 1922

Perpetual Inventory Or Stores Control, Chamber Of Commerce Of The United States Of America. Fabricated Production Department, E. W. Mccullough

Individual and Corporate Publications

Executives are insistent that stores control shall be centered on the principal facts and not lose itself among non-essentials. Thus, one large company charges off when purchased items such as nuts, bolts and screws which in that particular establishment are very minor items of supply. An item which costs ten cents or over is charged when requisitioned. However, even in items of less value than ten cents, adequate record of the quantity on hand is maintained. In accordance with the foregoing, that which will be presented here will be a simple rather than an elaborate stores system.


Controlling Elements In Rate Making Especially The Value Of Service, Lewis E. Gettle Jan 1922

Controlling Elements In Rate Making Especially The Value Of Service, Lewis E. Gettle

Individual and Corporate Publications

To discuss all of the controlling elements in rate making would be entirely beyond the scope of this paper. Many of these elements have been the subject of a voluminous and exhaustive literature with which most of you are probably familiar. The cost of service doctrine, with the determination of value, the analysis and apportionment of expenses and the more or less involved assignment of costs which its application entails has been so fully discussed that there is little that I can add within the limits of this paper. It has seemed to me, however, that it might be worth …


Classification Of Accounts For Sugar Estates, Charles E. Wermuth Jan 1922

Classification Of Accounts For Sugar Estates, Charles E. Wermuth

Individual and Corporate Publications

The relative efficiency and economy of the management of an industry can be measured only by comparison of one plant with another, and for that purpose an intelligent and uniform classification of expenses is essential. The object of this pamphlet is to secure uniformity of practice among sugar estates, thereby making a correct comparison of their operations possible. This classification has been in use since 1904, having been revised from time to time with the assistance of managers of sugar estates with many years' experience in all branches of the industry. It has again been revised and adjusted to present …


The Alarm Clock, Volume 1, Number 4, August 1, 1921, Horwath & Horwath Aug 1921

The Alarm Clock, Volume 1, Number 4, August 1, 1921, Horwath & Horwath

Individual and Corporate Publications

No abstract provided.


Advantages Of An Accounting System For Garages, J. Gordon Hill Jan 1921

Advantages Of An Accounting System For Garages, J. Gordon Hill

Individual and Corporate Publications

The average experience of a garage man is that at first the volume of business is small and therefore does not appear to justify the expense of an elaborate set of books, requiring the whole time of a bookkeeper. Under such conditions, the work of bookkeeping is either neglected or deferred, until it is found necessary to keep some kind of records, in order to render bills to customers and collect the ever-needed cash. Often, too, the work of book-keeping is assigned to one of the garage employees, as a sort of sideline, or the manager himself attempts the arduous …


How To Use The Business Record System For Retailers, R. G. Fuller Jan 1921

How To Use The Business Record System For Retailers, R. G. Fuller

Individual and Corporate Publications

Everyone knows that in the conduct of a business it is necessary to keep track of certain things. This is the purpose of bookkeeping. The simplest way in which it can be done is the best. Big business has developed bookkeeping into a wonderful science. Nevertheless, for the ordinary business bookkeeping can be made an extremely simple and easily understood process. With that idea we have formulated the method described in the following pages: The Tarco Daily Business Record.