Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons^™

Why Didn’T You Tell Me?: Toward Building A Model Of Why Information Is Not Shared Well In Organizations, Robert C. Kitchen

Theses and Dissertations

The effective use of information in an organization is vital to its success. One of the biggest investments being made today by companies is in their information infrastructures. However, with all of the resources being dedicated to improving information flows, evidence shows that organizations still do not share information as widely as they could or should be. Many studies have been conducted to learn the reasons why people in organizations do not share information as well as would be good. However, no study was found that reported the relative frequency of reported reasons for not sharing information. This paper gathers …

Organizing Culture: Leader Roles, Behaviors, And Reinforcement Mechanisms, Gerard George, Randall G. Sleeth, Mark A. Siders

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Organizational leaders provide the primary impetus in defining, forming and shaping corporate culture. Leadership literature emphasizes on the leader's role in "articulating a vision" and the leader's pivotal role in establishing culture by setting objectives and then removing hurdles by smoothing the path for attaining those objectives. The model of corporate culture transmission focuses on behaviors that corporate leaders employ to create, communicate and manage corporate culture. However, the model does not emphasize interpretation and identification with leader behaviors in ways that would cause members to embrace the leader's values and beliefs. Improved focus over two decades does not yet …

A Different Look At Assessment Centers: Views Of Assessment Center Users, Filip Lievens, Hans Goemaere

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study aims to shed light on possible problems of assessment center users and designers when developing and implementing assessment centers. Semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of assessment center users in Flanders revealed that, besides a large variability in assessment center practice, practitioners experience problems with dimension selection and definition, exercise design, line/staff managers as assessors, distinguishing between observation and evaluation, and with the content of assessor training programs. Solutions for these problems are suggested.

Selecting It Applications In Manufacturing: A Kbs Approach, Ravi Kathuria, Murugan Anandarajan, Magid Igbaria

Business Faculty Articles and Research

The use of the right type of Information Technology (IT) applications or manufacturing systems is expected to usher in a competitive advantage. Selection of the right type of IT application is, however, a challenging task. When a company, with a given dominant process structure, emphasizes two or more competitive priorities, such as quality, product flexibility, etc., an unaided manager faces a complex decision problem in choosing from alternative IT applications available in the areas of product design through distribution. In this paper, we present a Knowledge Based System (KBS) that would assist managers with the identification of IT applications that …

The Problem With "All For One And One For All" Expectations: Differential Effects Of Race And Commitment In The Workplace, James R. Jones

Marketing and Management Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

“The examples cited here reinforce the need for theoreticians and practitioners alike to consider the difficulties that may arise from viewing people through a single lens.” As far back as 1968, with the findings of the Kerner Commission, there have been reports of "two Americans, separate and unequal." Indeed, the recent commission on race formed by President Clinton reached much the same conclusion. While three decades separate the work of two groups, the main inference drawn is strikingly consistent with regard to race. There is a persistent chasm in how majority group and minority group members view and are viewed …

Positioning Hr To Create Value, Y Sriram

IIMB Management Review

The HA function today seems to vacillate along a broad spectrum. There are companies where the function has contributed conclusively to reaching business objectives, but in the majority of organisations it is relegated to the administrative routine. While it is true that the expectations from HA are often vague and undefined, the HA professional too must introspect on his/her role in the positioning of the function in organisations today. The best students in management schools do not opt for HA and most HA professionals who have done well for themselves early in their career want to change slots as HA …

Dimensions Of Tqm In Indian Organisations, Vijay G Vancheswar, Purnima Mathur

IIMB Management Review

The paradigm shift from an inward production-led philosophy to the outward customer-oriented approach has given an impetus to the concept of total quality management in Indian organisations. To provide an insight into the practices of TOM in India, Vijay Vancheswar and Purnima Mathur studied six large manufacturing organisations, two each from the multinational, private and public sectors. Cutting across sectors, it emerged that apart from focusing on customer needs and improving the quality of products, facilitating employee involvement and ownership through a participative process and stock options where feasible, providing a just and fair climate which encourages the free flow …

Need Fulfilment, Leadership Styles And Effectiveness: A Study Of Two Indian Organisations, Reeta Mohan, Rajeev Mohan

IIMB Management Review

Need fulfilment of an individual in an organisation is very important, because the success of the organisation depends upon the level of motivation of its members, and the appropriateness of the leadership pattern in a particular situation. An extremely motivated group of employees can help the organisation sustain itself even in the worst environmental conditions. On the other hand, its success might be jeopardised if its employees are not motivated toward work. Working on the theory that the needs and values of the leaders may have considerable influence on the type of leadership behaviour they choose, and the fact that …

A President And A Professional: In Conversation With Anand Rathi, N Balasubramanian

IIMB Management Review

Anand Rathi. President of the Stock Exchange. Mumbai. speaks about his transition from a company executive to a capital market functionary and finally to his current position as chief executive of the BSE. He elaborates on the challenges he faces in an organisation like the BSE. particularly in taking it to global levels of excellence and in this regard. he discusses his agenda for the year - 'Mission 2000 and Beyond'. He also touches upon the key issues of governance. the role of IT in changing the way business is conducted in stock exchanges and finally. he shares his wider …

Quality And Work Force Practices: The Managerial Performance Implication, Ravi Kathuria, Elizabeth B. Davis

Business Faculty Articles and Research

This paper examines the managerial performance impact of work force management practices appropriate for manufacturing environments when quality is highly emphasized. The hypotheses are tested using data from 483 individuals in 99 manufacturing plants in the United States. The results indicate that when the emphasis is high on quality, certain work force management practices seem to play an important role in managerial performance in manufacturing settings.

An Empirical Examination Of Individual, Issue-Related, And Organizational Determinants Of Ethical Judgments, Sean Robert Valentine

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to empirically examine an ethical decision-making model that contained individual, issue-related, and organizational factors. At the individual level, the relationship between two job attitudes, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and ethical judgments was assessed. At the issue-related level, the association between moral intensity and ethical judgments was examined. At the organizational level, the relationship between ethical context and ethical judgments was examined. The hypothesized moderating effect of ethical context on the relationship between job attitudes and ethical judgments was also tested.

A national sample of 3,000 sales professionals was used to test the hypotheses. …

Consequences Of Contingent Compensation, James Herschel Turner

Doctoral Dissertations

The principal objective of this study is the explication of the impact of incentives on measures of performance. The effects of contingent compensation (commissions and bonuses) on role stress, job attitudes, and performance outcomes were studied in a multi-industry sample of 255 employees.

It was hypothesized that as compensation contingency increases, role conflict and financial anxiety also increase and the increase in stress would be negatively related to in-role performance, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Finally, it was hypothesized that as organizational commitment and job satisfaction are reduced, intent-to-leave will be increased and extra-role performance will be reduced. The sum …

Moderating Effects Of Vertical Exchange Relationship On The Relationship Between Firm Market Orientation And Selected Salesperson Role Variables, Patrick Dwain Fountain

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the moderating effects of identified dimensions of vertical exchange relationship (VER) between firm market orientation and the salesperson role variables of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, role ambiguity and role conflict. The sample utilized in this dissertation is the salesforce of a major United States publishing company. Moderated regression analysis is used to determine moderating effects. Three dimensions of vertical exchange relationship are identified using factor analysis and are labeled work, loyalty and congruence. The results indicate that the work dimension is a moderator of the relationship between market orientation and job satisfaction. …

Observable Outcomes And Performance Effects Of The Application Of Theory Of Constraints To Organizational Management, Martha Lair Sale

Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of the study were to empirically examine the relationships among the three elements of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), a number of observable outcomes expected to be associated with application of TOC, and business unit performance. Measures were developed for each of the elements of TOC and a number of observable outcomes (OUTCOMES) expected to be associated with practice of TOC. TOC is defined as consisting of scheduling logistics (LOGISTICS), the Thinking Process (THINKING), and non-traditional performance measures (MEASURES). A previously developed and widely used measure of business unit performance (PERFORMANCE) was employed.

The sampling frame for this …

The Impact Of The Packard Commission's Recommendations On Reducing Cost Overruns On Defense Acquisition Contracts, David S. Christensen, David A. Searle, Caisse Vickery

Faculty Publications

Using data from selected acquisition reports, Drezner et al. (1993) show that reform initiatives from 1960 to 1990 did not reduce cost growth on 197 defense programs. The average cost growth on these programs was 20 percent and did not change significantly for 30 years. Using data from the Defense Acquisition Executive Summary data base, we show a similar result. Initiatives based on the recommendations of the Packard Commission did not reduce the average cost overrun percent experienced on 269 completed defense acquisition contracts evaluated over an 8-year period (1988 through 1995). In fact, the cost performance experienced on development …

Fairness In Chinese Organizations, Kai-Guang Liang

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the roles of organizational justice and individual cultural characteristics in affecting employees' work attitudes and behaviors, in particular, the contextual aspect of job performance in Chinese organizations. Data were collected from 232 employee-supervisor dyads in three Sino-western joint ventures in the People's Republic of China. Results indicated that distributive justice had a significant impact on one dimension of contextual job performance, i.e., interpersonal facilitation, and various attitudinal outcomes, such as job satisfaction, pay satisfaction, affective commitment and turnover intention. Among the three procedural justice variables (participation at company level, participation at job level, and appeal mechanism) examined, …

Running On The Spot? A Review Of Twenty Years Of Research On The Management Of Human Resources In Comparative And International Perspective, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Howard Gospel, John Montgomery

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Research using a comparative and international perspective on the management of human resources is examined, drawing on articles published in leading human resource management, management/ organizational behaviour and related social science journals between 1977 and 1997. In total a little under 2 per cent of the articles under review focused on the management of human resources in a comparative and international perspective. The largest group of these articles was comparative in nature (44 per cent), followed by those with an international perspective (35 per cent). A smaller number adopted a combined approach (17 per cent) and a few were separately …

Partnership Competency Framework: A Report On The Skills And Competencies Required For Effective Labor-Management Partnerships, Jean Joines Strasser

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Differences Between Stayers And Leavers Among Part-Time Workers, Kevin W. Sightler, Janet S. Adams

Faculty Articles

Some 23 million US workers are employed part-time, presenting significant challenges to the practicing manager. Successfully managing turnover has both operational and strategic consequences for an organization. However, very little is known about the turnover of part-time employees. In this exploratory study, a discriminant analysis is presented of biographic characteristics of stayers and leavers among 1,053 part-time hospital employees. Pay, length of employment, management status, race and gender significantly discriminate stayers from leavers. Managerial and research implications are discussed.

The Application Of Role Theory To The Sexual Harassment Paradigm: A Policy Capturing Approach, Lora L. Jacobi

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This research utilized policy capturing techniques to analyze the different factors individuals use when determining sexual harassment. The importance of level of power, verbal behavior, and invasiveness of touch were examined. Additionally, role theory was applied to the sexual harassment paradigm in order to understand how context factors within an organization affect the perception of sexual harassment. Profile analysis was used to determine how the perception of what constitutes harassing behavior is mitigated by one's role in the organization.

Participants were one hundred and five males and one hundred and fifteen females who were either currently employed or employed within …

Organizational Change Theory And The Factors For Sustaining Change: A Case Study Of Three Public Sector Organizations Winners Of The Virginia Award For Continuing Excellence, Mary Redd-Clay

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Management

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with organizational change and with sustaining change in public sector organizations recognized for their change efforts as recipients of the Virginia Award for Continuing Excellence.

This was a case study of three public sector organizations, located in and around urban settings in the state of Virginia. They include Air Combat Command located in Hampton; Hanover County Public Schools located outside Richmond; and Norfolk Naval Shipyard located in Portsmouth. Each of these organizations is notable as winners of the Virginia Senate Productivity and Quality Award for both the Medallion and …

Trends. Nato, Numbers, And Numerology, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The article discusses 3 new members in NATO.

Road Map To Transformational Leadership, Asha Bhandarkar, Pritam Singh

IIMB Management Review

The search for role models expresses not only the deep rooted desire to follow, but also the inherent desire to lead. The need for great heroes and transforming leaders like Gandhi and Mandela is felt much more strongly in the contemporary world. The model of leadership in existing literature has been used primarily to depict the process of managing rather than the process of transforming and leading. Asha Bhandarkar and Pritam Singh arrive at blueprints for leadership by studying the lives and work of transformational leaders

Handbook Of Organization Studies: Edited By Stewart R Clegg, Cynthia Hardy And Walter R Nord, New Delhi: Sage Publications,1996, Abhoy K Ojha

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Mother Leadership: By R P Banerjee, Wheeler Publishing, 1998, R Parthasarathy

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Imaginization: New Mindsets For Seeing, Organizing, And Managing: By Gareth Morgan,Sage Publications,1998, Madhukar Shukla

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

High-Performing And Self-Managed Work Teams: A Comparison Of Theory To Practice: By Dale E. Yeatts And Cloyd Hyten, Sage Publications, Y Sriram

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Self-Construal Orientation: Validation Of An Instrument And A Study Of The Relationship To Leadership Communication Style, Craig E. Johnson

Faculty Publications - College of Business

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to test rigorously the measurement equivalence of the Independent and Interdependent Self-Construal Scales (Gudykunst et al., 1994) across three cultural groups and for males and females, and (b) to determine the comparative amount of varianc,e in self-perceived leadership communication style that can be predicted by self-construal orientation, culture, and biological sex. College students from the United States (n = 224), New Zealand (n = 218), and the former Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan (n = 228) responded to the self-construal scales and the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (Hemphill & Coons, 1957). Results of …

Sole Survivors: How Exceptional Companies Survive And Thrive At The Edge, Anto Kerins

Books / Book chapters

Some companies seem born to fail, while others manage to survive and thrive despite great adversity. What are the secrets of the survivors?. Sole Survivors puts nine such companies under the microscope to discover what sets them apart from their less-successful competitors, what make them "exceptional". But these nine are neither blue-chip multinationals nor high-tech operators. They are small to medium-sized European companies in a traditional section that has been decimated in recent times-footwear manufacturing. This book tells the stories of these companies in detail from their historical development through to their current business strategies, from their organisational structures to …

Understanding Research On Values In Business: A Level Of Analysis Framework, Bradley R. Agle, Craig B. Caldwell

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Researchers in all management specialties have discussed and investigated the important role values play in personal and organizational phenomena. However, because research on values has been performed in a wide range of social science disciplines and at different levels of analysis, much of thiswork has been uninformed by other work and is neither well integrated nor systematized, resulting in a great deal of confusion concerning the topic. This article attempts to add order and clarity to this area of research by proposing a framework of values research based on level of analysis and by cataloguing and reviewing the vast theoretical …