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Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons™
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Articles 241 - 270 of 1071
Full-Text Articles in Organizational Behavior and Theory
The Role Of Emotions As Mechanisms Of Mid-Test Warning Messages During Personality Testing: A Field Experiment, Hairong Li, Jinyan Fan, Guoxiang Zhao, Minghui Wang, Lu Zheng, Hui Meng, Qingxiong Weng, Yanping Liu, Filip Lievens
The Role Of Emotions As Mechanisms Of Mid-Test Warning Messages During Personality Testing: A Field Experiment, Hairong Li, Jinyan Fan, Guoxiang Zhao, Minghui Wang, Lu Zheng, Hui Meng, Qingxiong Weng, Yanping Liu, Filip Lievens
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study focuses on the role of emotions in personnel selection and faking research. In particular, we posit that emotions are likely to be activated when applicants receive warning messages from organizations. Drawing on Nabi (Nabi, Communication Theory, 9, 1999, 292) cognitive-functional model of discrete negative emotions, we propose and empirically test the effects of three discrete negative emotions (guilt, fear, and anger) triggered by a warning message during a personality test on personality score accuracy and perceived test fairness. Participants in this within-subjects field experiment were 1,447 applicants for graduate school at a large public university in China. They …
What Does Homophily Do? A Review Of The Consequences Of Homophily, Gokhan Ertug, Julia Brennecke, Balaza Kovacs, Tengjian Zou
What Does Homophily Do? A Review Of The Consequences Of Homophily, Gokhan Ertug, Julia Brennecke, Balaza Kovacs, Tengjian Zou
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As the consequences of homophily have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues …
Killing The Cat? A Review Of Curiosity At Work, Filip Lievens, Spencer H. Harrison, Patrick Mussel, Jordan A. Litman
Killing The Cat? A Review Of Curiosity At Work, Filip Lievens, Spencer H. Harrison, Patrick Mussel, Jordan A. Litman
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper focuses on the emergent importance of curiosity at work for individuals and organizations by reviewing management research on curiosity at work. We start by leveraging prior reviews on early and contemporary foundations of the curiosity construct in the larger psychological literature, with a focus on definitional clarity, dimensionality, and differences with other constructs in its nomological network. Next, we review different streams of management research on curiosity at work (i.e., broad generative and nongenerative effects, curiosity as a catalyst for personal action, curiosity as a catalyst for interpersonal action, curiosity as a catalyst for leadership, curiosity as an …
Smart Heuristics For Individuals, Teams, And Organizations, Gerd Gigerenzer, Jochen Reb, Shenghua Luan
Smart Heuristics For Individuals, Teams, And Organizations, Gerd Gigerenzer, Jochen Reb, Shenghua Luan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Heuristics are fast, frugal, and accurate strategies that enable rather than limit decision making under uncertainty. Uncertainty, as opposed to calculable risk, is characteristic of most organizational contexts. We review existing research and offer a descriptive and prescriptive theoretical framework to integrate the current patchwork of heuristics scattered across various areas of organizational studies. Research on the adaptive toolbox is descriptive, identifying the repertoire of heuristics on which individuals, teams, and organizations rely. Research on ecological rationality is prescriptive, specifying the conditions under which a given heuristic performs well, that is, when it is smart. Our review finds a relatively …
Support For Increasing Low-Wage Workers’ Compensation: The Role Of Fixed-Growth Mindsets About Intelligence, Shilpa Madan, Anyi Ma, Neeraj Pandey, Aneeta Rattan, Krishna Savani
Support For Increasing Low-Wage Workers’ Compensation: The Role Of Fixed-Growth Mindsets About Intelligence, Shilpa Madan, Anyi Ma, Neeraj Pandey, Aneeta Rattan, Krishna Savani
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Approximately 44% of U.S. workers are low-wage workers. Recent years have witnessed a raging debate about whether to raise their minimum wages. Why do some decision-makers support raising wages and others do not? Ten studies (four preregistered) examined people’s beliefs about the malleability of intelligence as a key antecedent. The more U.S. human resource managers (Study 1) and Indian business owners (Study 2) believed that people’s intelligence can grow (i.e., had a growth mindset), the more they supported increasing low-wage workers’ compensation. In key U.S. swing states (Study 3a), and a nationally representative sample (Study 3b), residents with a more …
A Bubble Of Protection: Examining Dispositional Optimism As A Psychological Buffer Of The Deleterious Association Between Negative Work-Family Spillover And Psychological Health, Sean T. H. Lee, Bryan K. C. Choy, Jose C. Yong
A Bubble Of Protection: Examining Dispositional Optimism As A Psychological Buffer Of The Deleterious Association Between Negative Work-Family Spillover And Psychological Health, Sean T. H. Lee, Bryan K. C. Choy, Jose C. Yong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Demands and stressors from work increasingly encroach upon people’s family lives in modern settings, resulting in poorer familial relationships and impaired psychological health. The current study proposed and examined dispositional optimism as a potential psychological buffer of the deleterious impact of negative work-to-family spillover (WFS) on psychological health. Based on a sample of employed midlife adults in the United States (N = 1,252) drawn from a large and nationally representative dataset, MIDUS 3, we found that dispositional optimism significantly moderated the relationship between negative WFS and subjective well-being, even after controlling for a variety of potential confounds. However, this moderation …
Toward A Model Of Hardiness Development: The Effect Of Hope On Hardiness, Chin Heng Low, Paul Heng Leong Lim, Kevin Koh
Toward A Model Of Hardiness Development: The Effect Of Hope On Hardiness, Chin Heng Low, Paul Heng Leong Lim, Kevin Koh
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Hardiness has been proven to help with the management of psychological stress. It is an important state-like personality dimension that individuals can develop to cope with stressors. However, there is currently insufficient understanding on why hardiness develops in people. Through an exploratory study based on 55 undergraduate university students who worked on an international consulting project in return for grades, this research examines the relationship between individuals’ hardiness components of commitment, control and challenge and hope components of willpower and waypower. It is found that individuals’ hope components may be positively related to specific hardiness components. This bears considerable theoretical …
Unlocking The Creativity Potential Of Dialectical Thinking: Field Investigations Of The Comparative Effects Of Transformational And Transactional Leadership Styles, Roy Y. J. Chua, Jia Hui Lim, Wannwiruch (Fon) Wiruchnipawan
Unlocking The Creativity Potential Of Dialectical Thinking: Field Investigations Of The Comparative Effects Of Transformational And Transactional Leadership Styles, Roy Y. J. Chua, Jia Hui Lim, Wannwiruch (Fon) Wiruchnipawan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
In a digital economy characterized by high volumes of information and ideas, many of which could be contradictory to one another, employees high in dialectical thinking should be well poised to connect disparate ideas to generate creative solutions for business problems. Yet, it is unclear whether dialectical thinking as a creativity-relevant skill can be realized in naturalistic workplace settings, given past mixed findings and the lack of field studies. We propose that supervisors’ leadership styles are important moderators that can unlock employees’ creativity potential in dialectical thinking. Additionally, we compare the activating effect of transformational leadership and the inhibiting effect …
Going Far Together By Being Here Now: Mindfulness Increases Cooperation In Negotiations, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jared Nai, Jochen Reb, Samantha Sim, Jayanth Narayanan, Noriko Tan
Going Far Together By Being Here Now: Mindfulness Increases Cooperation In Negotiations, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jared Nai, Jochen Reb, Samantha Sim, Jayanth Narayanan, Noriko Tan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Integrating theorizing across the mindfulness and negotiation literatures, we hypothesize that mindfulness increases cooperation in negotiations. We further propose that processes of self-transcendence, self-regulation, and self-awareness mediate this effect. We test these hypotheses in five studies across different forms of cooperation, in both distributive and integrative negotiation contexts, and for both measured and experimentally induced mindfulness. In Study 1a, individuals higher on measured state mindfulness displayed greater cooperative orientation measured as preference for pareto-optimal agreements. In Study 1b, experimentally induced mindfulness led to greater cooperative orientation measured as the recall of cooperative heuristics. In Study 2, a distributive (fixed-sum) negotiation, …
Smart Manufacturing And Its Implications For Singapore's Smes, Thomas Menkhoff, Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan
Smart Manufacturing And Its Implications For Singapore's Smes, Thomas Menkhoff, Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
While Covid-19 and the climate catastrophe continue to make headlines, local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are quietly setting the gears of Smart Manufacturing in motion with a strategic focus on digitising and automating production processes powered by "Industry 4.0" (I4.0) ready business models. A shared view among several interviewees we talked to recently in the context of an ongoing study on the impact of I4.0 on the business models of local manufacturers is that Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), machine learning, visual computing, automation and digital twining are deemed of great importance for the long-term competitiveness of Singapore's manufacturing ecosystem on …
When Your Authority Fluctuates Throughout The Day, Eric M. Anicich, Michael Schaerer, Jake Gale, Trevor A. Foulk
When Your Authority Fluctuates Throughout The Day, Eric M. Anicich, Michael Schaerer, Jake Gale, Trevor A. Foulk
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
For many of us, the power we feel at work — how much, when it occurs, and around whom — can fluctuate. This can result in a surprising increase in stress and a decrease in well-being. To address this, consider these strategies for making power imbalances more manageable. First, be deliberate in scheduling your tasks to cluster activities with similar levels of power together. Second, give your work a routine and consider “theming” together days with similar activities. Third, create a role-transcendent identity in order to embrace your different levels of power. And finally, work to actively manage your well-being.
Carlos Ghosn: The Rise And Fall Of An Automobile Legend, Jochen Reb, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Sin Mei Cheah
Carlos Ghosn: The Rise And Fall Of An Automobile Legend, Jochen Reb, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Sin Mei Cheah
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Was it politics, greed, or hubris that led to Carlos Ghosn's downfall? On December 29, 2019, disgraced auto titan Carlos Ghosn (rhymes with ‘tone’) made an audacious escape from house arrest in Tokyo, where he had been detained on financial impropriety charges. Of all the places imaginable, Ghosn hid in a huge case for musical instruments, which was then loaded onto an aeroplane as cargo. Dubbed as “one of the most brazen and well-orchestrated escape acts in recent history, involving a dizzying array of hotel meet-ups, bullet train travel, fake personas, and the chartering of a private jet”, it was …
Burnout Isn’T Just Exhaustion: Workers Can Also Feel Cynical Or Inadequate, Tina Li Yi Ng, Andree Hartanto
Burnout Isn’T Just Exhaustion: Workers Can Also Feel Cynical Or Inadequate, Tina Li Yi Ng, Andree Hartanto
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Employers, take note: There’s more to burnout which corporate wellness initiatives alone cannot solve, say SMU researchers. The huge wave of resignations spurred by the pandemic has forced companies to confront burnout, implementing “burnout breaks” to curb the loss of productivity that comes with working too much. Though initiatives like “mental health weeks” are widely appreciated, they merely scratch the surface and do not solve the issue. To truly put out the flames of burnout, a precise diagnosis of the problem is critical. This is especially true in Singapore, the world’s most fatigued country where one in two workers feels …
Exploring The Impact Of Industry 4.0 On The Business Models Of Small And Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises In Singapore, Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan
Exploring The Impact Of Industry 4.0 On The Business Models Of Small And Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises In Singapore, Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Triggered by the ongoing transformation of Singapore's manufacturing industries towards 'smart(er)' manufacturing with a focus on digitising and automating production processes and more competitive business models, this study contributes to the limited Asian management literature about the readiness and impact of 'Industry 4.0' (I4.0) on the business models of Singapore's Small and Medium-sized manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs). I4.0 encompasses adopting opportunities from end-to-end digitalisation with connected computers and increasingly autonomous automation systems equipped with intelligent machine learning algorithms that control robotics with minimal human input. As the traditional manufacturing model is increasingly replaced by advanced, high-value manufacturing technologies such as the …
An Initial Examination Of State And Longitudinal Effects Of Loving-Kindness Practice On Affective And Motivational States At Work, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jochen Reb, William Tov
An Initial Examination Of State And Longitudinal Effects Of Loving-Kindness Practice On Affective And Motivational States At Work, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jochen Reb, William Tov
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Objectives: Drawing on practices and concepts from Buddhist ethics, we developed a loving-kindness training. We investigated the state and longitudinal effects of this training on employees’ affective and motivational states at work in two studies. Methods: Study 1 tested this training program in a randomized controlled trial, comparing the effects of loving-kindness practice on employee affect and motivation with an active (mindfulness) and a passive (waitlist) control condition. Analyses focused on both longitudinal effects (increases in affect and motivation over the training period) and state effects (effects of practice on daily affect and motivation). Study 2 conducted a 1-week study …
What Makes Employees Feel Empowered To Speak Up?, Shilpa Madan, Kevin Nanakdewa, Krishna Savani, Hazel Rose Markus
What Makes Employees Feel Empowered To Speak Up?, Shilpa Madan, Kevin Nanakdewa, Krishna Savani, Hazel Rose Markus
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Most managers understand that empowering employees to voice their opinions can help companies innovate and uncover their own shortcomings. However, this understanding does not seem to translate into action. Research shows that over 85% of employees remain silent on crucial matters because they worry about being viewed negatively. How can managers encourage employees to speak their minds at work? The authors’ new research identified a novel method to encourage employees to exercise their voice: creating a company culture that emphasizes the idea of choice. They found that employees were more likely to share their ideas and opinions at a company …
Too Many Peas In A Pod? How Overlaps In Directors’ Local And Global Status Characteristics Influence Board Turnover In Newly Public Firms, Abhijith G. Acharya, Timothy G. Pollock
Too Many Peas In A Pod? How Overlaps In Directors’ Local And Global Status Characteristics Influence Board Turnover In Newly Public Firms, Abhijith G. Acharya, Timothy G. Pollock
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Drawing on status characteristics theory, we explore how boards’ social structures influence board turnover. We theorize that (1) understanding directors’ relative standing and spheres of influence in the local status hierarchy creates deference structures that reduce conflict and enhance stability, thereby reducing board turnover; and (2) shared performance expectations and attraction based on homophily in the global status hierarchy can also reduce conflict and enhance stability, and thus serve as another means of reducing board turnover. Using data on the five years following the initial public offerings (IPOs) of 218 firms that went public between 2001 and 2005, we find …
What’S The Best Way To Give Ground In A Negotiation?, Kian Siong Tey, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, Roderick Swaab
What’S The Best Way To Give Ground In A Negotiation?, Kian Siong Tey, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, Roderick Swaab
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
How much should you change your offer at each round of a negotiation? The stakes can be high: Give away too much and you devalue your offer; give away too little and you risk getting stuck in an impasse. The authors’ recent research shows that a rare approach to concessions — reducing the amount by which you reduce your offer each round — can yield the most value because it sends a clear signal about your final offer.
Close Friendships At Work Are Lifelines That Have Frayed During The Pandemic, Kenneth Tai
Close Friendships At Work Are Lifelines That Have Frayed During The Pandemic, Kenneth Tai
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We have gone from having lunch with colleagues and meeting after work to eating hurriedly at our desks at home. The change in relationships at work also affects our productivity, argues SMU’s Kenneth Tai.
Boosting Employee Motivation With Loving- Kindness, Jochen Reb, William Tov, Smu Office Of Research
Boosting Employee Motivation With Loving- Kindness, Jochen Reb, William Tov, Smu Office Of Research
Research@SMU Infographics
New research at SMU, conducted by Professor Jochen Reb and his collaborators, Assosiate Professor William Tov and PhD student Theodore Masters-Waage, shows that loving-kindness can increase employee motivation and cultivate a positive mental state. This can impact job performace and job satisfaction.
Why The Workplace Chameleon Is A Paradox For Diversity And Inclusion, Singapore Management University
Why The Workplace Chameleon Is A Paradox For Diversity And Inclusion, Singapore Management University
Perspectives@SMU
Do employees need to be like chameleons to survive certain corporate cultures, despite the best efforts of diversity and inclusion initiatives?
Actions Define A Character: Assessment Centers As Behavior-Focused Personality Measures, Anna Luca Heimann, Pia V. Ingold, Filip Lievens, Klaus G. Melchers, Gert Keen, Martin Kleinmann
Actions Define A Character: Assessment Centers As Behavior-Focused Personality Measures, Anna Luca Heimann, Pia V. Ingold, Filip Lievens, Klaus G. Melchers, Gert Keen, Martin Kleinmann
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
To expand our knowledge of personality assessment, this study connects research and theory related to two common selection methods: assessment centers (ACs) and personality inventories. We examine the validity of personality-based AC ratings within a multi-method framework. Drawing from the self-other knowledge asymmetry model (Vazire, 2010), we propose that AC ratings are suited to capture personality traits that are observable in social interactions, whereas other methods (i.e., self-ratings) are useful to assess more internal traits. We obtained data from two personality-based ACs, self- and other-rated personality inventories, and supervisor ratings of job performance. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that personality-based AC …
Just Because You're Powerless Doesn't Mean They Aren't Out To Get You: Low Power, Paranoia, And Aggression, Michael Schaerer, Trevor Foulk, Christilene Du Plessis, Min Hsuan Tu, Satish Krishnan
Just Because You're Powerless Doesn't Mean They Aren't Out To Get You: Low Power, Paranoia, And Aggression, Michael Schaerer, Trevor Foulk, Christilene Du Plessis, Min Hsuan Tu, Satish Krishnan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Due to its pervasive negative consequences, failing to understand the origins of paranoia can be costly for organizations. Prior research suggests that powerful employees are particularly likely to experience paranoia as others want to exploit the resources they control, implying that employees low in power should feel less paranoid. In contrast, we build on Conservation of Resources Theory and sociocultural perspectives of power to argue that the inherent vulnerability associated with being low power also evokes paranoia as a protection mechanism. Because paranoia causes employees to form malevolent attributions towards others, we predict that paranoia, in turn, leads to aggressive …
Ambivalent Bosses: An Examination Of Supervisor Expressed Emotional Ambivalence On Subordinate Task Engagement, Jia Hui Lim, Kenneth Tai, Maryam Kouchaki
Ambivalent Bosses: An Examination Of Supervisor Expressed Emotional Ambivalence On Subordinate Task Engagement, Jia Hui Lim, Kenneth Tai, Maryam Kouchaki
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Supervisors often have to manage conflicting and contradictory demands in increasingly dynamic work environments. In the process of doing so, they may express emotional ambivalence observed by subordinates. Drawing on emotions as social information (EASI) theory and research on unpredictability and stress, we examine when and why supervisor expressed emotional ambivalence influence subordinate outcomes. In two studies, we find that supervisor expressed emotional ambivalence is indirectly related to subordinate task engagement via supervisor unpredictability (Studies 1 and 2). In addition, supervisor unpredictability and anticipated stress serially mediate the effect of supervisor expressed emotional ambivalence on task engagement (Studies 3 and …
The Impact Of Concession Patterns On Negotiations: When And Why Decreasing Concessions Lead To A Distributive Disadvantage, Kian Siong Tey, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, Roderick I. Swaab
The Impact Of Concession Patterns On Negotiations: When And Why Decreasing Concessions Lead To A Distributive Disadvantage, Kian Siong Tey, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, Roderick I. Swaab
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We propose that making a series of decreasing concessions (e.g., $1,500–1,210–1,180–1,170) signals that negotiators are reaching their limit and that this results in a negotiation disadvantage for offer recipients. Although we find that most negotiators do not use this strategy naturally, seven studies (N = 2,311) demonstrate that decreasing concessions causes recipients to make less ambitious counteroffers (Studies 1–5) and reach worse deals (Study 2) in distributive negotiations. We find that this disadvantage occurs because decreasing concessions shape recipients’ expectations of the subsequent offers that will be made, which results in inflated perceptions of the counterparts’ reservation price relative …
Competition And Cheating: Investigating The Role Of Moral Awareness, Moral Identity, And Moral Elevation, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Chandra Shekhar Pathki
Competition And Cheating: Investigating The Role Of Moral Awareness, Moral Identity, And Moral Elevation, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Chandra Shekhar Pathki
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Competition can lead individuals to cheat; yet our knowledge of why competition affects cheating and how to mitigate these effects is limited. To address this limitation, we first contrast two theories: arousal theories of competition (via desire to win) and social cognitive theory (via impaired moral awareness). Our results were consistent with social cognitive theory in that competition impairs moral awareness and that this impairment explains why people cheat. We therefore build on social cognitive theory and show that two factors, moral identity and moral elevation, which are likely to make morality salient, moderated the effects of competition on cheating …
Culture And Cyber Security: How Cultural Tightness-Looseness Moderates The Effects Of Threat And Coping Appraisals On Mobile Cyber Hygiene, Kok Wei Hoe
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
With increasing adoption of smartphone for mobile-commerce and increasing incidents of cyber breaches, it is timely to investigate how the weakest link in this security chain, human, can be strengthened. To date, there has been a gap in research examining the impact of culture on protection motivation. Most extant research focus on technological, organizational and behavioral factors affecting protection motivation. In this study, I develop a model integrating Theory of Cultural Tightness-Looseness and Protective Motivation Theory to investigate how cultural norms, define as shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within social groups, affect a person’s intentions to …
Fuelling Effects Of Unique Opinion Holder’S Emotions On Team Creativity: A Collective Information Processing Perspective, Hui Si Oh
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Building on past studies that have found positive influence of minority member on team creativity, this research examined an underexplored yet crucial topic of a unique opinion holder’s happy and anger emotions on team creativity. Using a collective information processing perspective, this study examined whether the expression of anger and happiness would be beneficial for team creativity by spurring team members to respond qualitatively differently to each other’s ideas during the discussion. Additionally, this study examined whether the influence of a unique opinion holder’s emotions on team creativity through information-processing pathways would depend on individual members’ working memory capacities. Three …
Helping Organisations Excel, One Breath At A Time: A Meditation Toolkit For Business Leaders, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Eva K. Peters, Jochen Reb
Helping Organisations Excel, One Breath At A Time: A Meditation Toolkit For Business Leaders, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Eva K. Peters, Jochen Reb
Asian Management Insights
Interest in meditation has risen dramatically in recent years, as these practices move beyond ancient monasteries to take root in big cities as well.
Steward Leadership: A Win-Win-Win Model For The Post-Pandemic Business Landscape, Rajeev Peshawaria, Yancy Toh
Steward Leadership: A Win-Win-Win Model For The Post-Pandemic Business Landscape, Rajeev Peshawaria, Yancy Toh
Asian Management Insights
Five decades after its publication, Friedman’s doctrine about the purpose of business remains a subject of vigorous debate.