Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons^™

Impact Of Hr Slack On Firm Performance: An Empirical Study On Chinese High-Tech Firms, Weixiong Feng

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

As part of organizational slack, HR slack plays a role in managing external risks and opportunities when the global business environment is in turmoil. In recent years, Chinese high-tech companies have faced external shocks such as reverse globalization, the decoupling of economic and trade relations, supply chain disruptions, and epidemics. These have posed new challenges to their strategy formulation, business operations, and talent acquisition. High-tech Chinese companies must know whether they must prepare adequate human resources as buffers to address these challenges and opportunities. For high-tech companies, this study proposes, for the first time, that HR slack must be analyzed …

Social Network Centrality And The Corporate Environment: The Case Of Sexual Diversity Policies, Nuttavuth Nundhapana, Chiyachantana N. Chiraphol, Kuan Yong David Ding, Sirimon Treepongkaruna

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We study the external influence of social capital, measured by Facebook's (now Meta) Social Connectedness Index, on a firm's decision to adopt policies that promote a more diverse corporate environment. Recent studies find corporate policies that embrace sexual diversity are beneficial to firms and their stakeholders, thereby contributing to their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business sustainability. We find that firms with a high social network centrality are more likely to adopt policies and business strategies that support sexual diversity. Moreover, firms that adopt good CSR practices are more likely to implement more inclusive policies such as sexual diversity policies. …

Pay Suppression In Social Impact Contexts: How Framing Work Around The Greater Good Inhibits Job Candidate Compensation Demands, Insiya Hussain, Marko Pitesa, Stefan Thau, Michael Schaerer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Past research suggests that when organizations communicate the benefits of their work for human welfare—that is, use a social impact framing for work—job candidates are willing to accept lower wages because they expect the work to be personally meaningful. We argue that this explanation overlooks a less socially desirable mechanism by which social impact framing leads to lower compensation demands: the perception among job candidates that requesting higher pay will breach organizational expectations to value work for its intrinsic (rather than extrinsic) rewards, or constitute a motivational norm violation. We find evidence for our theory across five studies: a qualitative …

Attentional Engagement And Strategic Responses To Discontinuous Environmental Change: Evidence From The Us Banking Industry, Daniel Z. Mack, Theresa S. Cho, Andrew C. Yi

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

While prior research has established a link between the attention an organization allocates to the external environment and its adaptations to environmental change, the nature of the cognitive processes that underlie this link remains underexamined. In this study, we explore how patterns of attentional engagement—that is, the extent to which attention allocation is focused and/or consistent over time—influence the organization’s formulation of strategic responses to discontinuous change. We advance a situated perspective on attentional engagement by suggesting how the type of learning and cognitive processes are situated in different attentional-engagement structures, and can, in turn, lead to heterogeneous strategic responses …

Envy Influences Interpersonal Dynamics And Team Performance: Roles Of Gender Congruence And Collective Team Identification, Kenneth Tai, Sejin Keem, Ki Young Lee, Eugene Kim

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Our research extends past envy research by considering how envy and gender congruence shape interpersonal dynamics at the dyadic level and their bottom-up effects for team performance. Integrating social comparison theory and social identity theory, we examine when and how dyadic level envy influences team performance. Using time-lagged data from 428 dyads of 161 employees in 51 teams, our results show that envious employees are likely to engage in interpersonal deviance directed toward envied team members and that envied employees are likely to seek advice from envious team members. Gender congruence further influences these relationships, with different patterns for males …

The Effects Of Leader Member Exchange Differentiation On Task Performance And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Junhui Gan

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) within working teams, with a specific focus on Leader-Member Exchange Differentiation (LMXD) and its subsequent impact on task performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB). Utilizing a comprehensive, multisource dataset comprising 394 employees across 120 store teams in three furnishing shopping malls in Zhejiang Province, China, this research employs a two-wave data collection methodology to examine the proposed theoretical model.

Contrary to prevailing assumptions in the LMX literature, this study reveals that LMXD does not significantly influence anticipated team conflict, nor does it exert indirect effects on task performance and …

Stuck At Home: Does The Virtual Office Stifle Creativity?, Andrew Heng, Roy Y. J. Chua

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Remote work boosts flexibility but may stifle creativity. In her office one day last summer, Charlotte Christ, a 27-year-old marketing executive with the German office of one of the world’s leading automotive suppliers, did something she doesn’t think she could really do at home even though she often works there. At the office, she fell into a random conversation with a colleague, and together they came up with new ideas for her marketing campaign on how to offer incentives to the company’s target audiences, truck drivers.

Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work: What It Is, Why It Occurs And What Organizations Can Do About It, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Language is the foundation of human interaction. It plays a central role in facilitating effective communication by allowing people to express their thoughts, share essential information and establish connections with one another.

R&D Project Portfolio Collaboration: How To Structure The Strategic Alliance, Guiyun Feng, Pascale Crama, Wenqi Lian

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Incumbent companies target innovative firms with promising research and development (R&D) projects to rejuvenate their product portfolio. Such strategic alliances create value by combining the innovator’s research expertise with the partner firm’s superior marketing capability. The partner firm chooses the timing and payment terms of the strategic alliance, accounting for the innovator's budget and marketing capability, and the project portfolio's market interaction and revenue variability. The partner firm may prefer delayed alliances post R&D completion for innovator firms with high marketing capability when the innovator has sufficient budget or when market interaction is weak. Upfront alliances - prior to the …

Do Real-Time Strategy Video Gamers Have Better Attentional Control?, Mengxin He, Lin-Xuan Xu, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Zihan Liu, Jiaqi Hu, Xiangyi Guo, Hongyun Liu, Jin-Tao Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Objective: Do real-time strategy (RTS) video gamers have better attentional control? To examine this issue, we tested experienced versus inexperienced RTS video gamers on multi-object tracking tasks (MOT) and dual-MOT tasks with visual or auditory secondary tasks (dMOT). We employed a street-crossing task with a visual working memory task as a secondary task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine any generalized attentional advantage. Background: Similar to action video games, RTS video games require players to switch attention between multiple visual objects and views. However, whether the attentional control advantage is limited by sensory modalities or generalizes to real-life …

Politics Speak Louder Than Skills: Political Similarity Effects In Hireability Judgments In Multiparty Contexts And The Role Of Political Interest, Franz W. Moenke, Filip Lievens, Ursula Hess, Philipp Schaepers

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Recruiters increasingly cybervet job applicants by checking their social media profiles. Theory (i.e., the political affiliation model, PAM) and research show that during cybervetting, recruiters are exposed to job-unrelated information such as political affiliation, which might trigger similarity-attraction effects and bias hireability judgments. However, as the PAM was developed in a more polarized two-party political system, it is pivotal to test and refine the PAM in a multiparty context. Therefore, we asked working professionals from the United States (two-party context, N = 266) and Germany (multiparty context, N = 747) to rate an applicant’s hireability after cybervetting a LinkedIn profile …

Fairness Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence: A Review And Path Forward, Devesh Narayanan, Mahak Nagpal, Jack Mcguire, Shane Schweitzer, David De Cremer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A key insight from research on organizational justice is that fairness is in the eye of the beholder. With increasing discussions–especially among computer scientists and policymakers–about the potential biases and unfairness of decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, there is a critical need to consider how decision-subjects perceive the fairness of AI-led decision-making. Drawing upon theoretical and empirical perspectives on perceived fairness in organizational justice scholarship, this review categorizes and analyzes perceptions of AI fairness as they impact the effective implementation of AI in workplaces and beyond. Specifically, we review existing empirical research on AI fairness according to distinct …

The Effects Of Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Nilotpal Jha

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Demographic, technological, and global trends have brought the language used at the workplace to the forefront. A growing body of research reveals that language could result in misunderstanding at work, and influence employees' performance and attitudinal outcomes. Language at work encompasses standard language (e.g., English) as well as several hybrid forms of language (non-native accents, code-switching, and jargon). We delineate how these forms of language could result in misunderstanding. We then identify relational, affective, and informational mechanisms that underlie the relationship between language-related misunderstanding and employees' performance and attitudinal outcomes, and highlight key boundary conditions. In doing so, we uncover …

Why The Ethical Use Of Ai Matters For Your Career, Jack Mcguire, David De Cremer, Yorck Hesselbarth, Leander De Schutter

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In the contemporary digital era, innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) are profoundly transforming the business landscape (De Cremer, 2020). The buzz surrounding ChatGPT, coupled with recent assertions about the sentience of Google’s LaMDA, a large language model, underscore the prominence of chatbot technology in these advancements (Adamopoulou & Moussiades, 2020; Ryu & Lee, 2018; Tiku, 2022). Customer-oriented chatbots, an emergent application of this tech, offer unparalleled efficiency and cost-effectiveness, operating ceaselessly and responding to client inquiries in real time (Salesforce, Research, 2019). Yet, amidst these advantages lies an ethical conundrum. Customers cherish genuine human interaction and can become quickly …

Ai Fairness In Action: A Human-Computer Perspective On Ai Fairness In Organizations And Society, David De Cremer, Jack Mcguire, Jack Mcguire

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are being increasingly adopted by society, governments, and organizations in various decision-making contexts. For example, organizations use AI systems to decide whether applicants can be considered for a job, whether bonuses and other rewards should be allocated, or whether promotions and further training need to be invested in. In fact, as AI is seen as an important catalyst of economic growth, organizations today seem to know no boundaries in their AI adoption efforts, making employees and society more dependent on and thus also more vulnerable to the decisions made by or in partnership with AI (De …

Age Differences In Emotion Regulation And Executive Function, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Age-related improvements in emotion regulation (ER) are thought to account for the relatively healthy levels of well-being observed in late adulthood. However, extant laboratory-based evidence on age differences in the effective implementation of ER strategies―such as reappraisal (i.e., reframing the meaning of an emotion-eliciting event) and distraction (i.e., redirecting attention away from emotional to non-emotional information)―remains equivocal (Isaacowitz, 2022). Moreover, developmental differences in ER monitoring (i.e., adjusting regulatory approach as needed, such as maintaining or switching strategies), and factors that underpin such age-related differences, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated how younger and older adults (N = 335) differ in …

Going Beyond The Call Of Duty Under Conditions Of Economic Threat: Integrating Life History And Temporal Dilemma Perspectives, Nina Sirola

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Under conditions of economic threat, such as during economic downturns, organizations can benefit from employees’ willingness to go beyond the call of duty and engage in organization-directed citizenship behavior (OCBO). Yet, such behavior is discretionary and competes for time with employees’ other interests and priorities. I integrate life history theory with the temporal dilemma perspective on organizational citizenship behavior to propose that childhood environments sensitize individuals to prioritize different goals in response to economic threat later in life. Consistent with strategies for responding to threat that are functional in their childhood environments, employees from wealthier backgrounds respond to economic threat …

On The Trajectory Of Discrimination: A Meta-Analysis And Forecasting Survey Capturing 44 Years Of Field Experiments On Gender And Hiring Decisions, Michael Schaerer, Christilene Du Plessis, My Hoang Nguyen, Robbie C. M. Van Aert, Leo Tiokkin, Daniel Lakens, Elena G. Clemente, Thomas Pfeiffer, Anna Dreber, Magnus Johannesson, Cory J. Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A preregistered meta-analysis, including 244 effect sizes from 85 field audits and 361,645 individual job applications, tested for gender bias in hiring practices in female-stereotypical and gender-balanced as well as male-stereotypical jobs from 1976 to 2020. A “red team” of independent experts was recruited to increase the rigor and robustness of our meta-analytic approach. A forecasting survey further examined whether laypeople (n = 499 nationally representative adults) and scientists (n = 312) could predict the results. Forecasters correctly anticipated reductions in discrimination against female candidates over time. However, both scientists and laypeople overestimated the continuation of bias against female candidates. …

The Dark Side Of The Sharing Economy: A Systematic Literature Review Of Externalities And Their Regulation, Mosaad Mohamed, Sabine Benoit, Chanaka Jayawardhena

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

As the sharing economy has grown, externalities, i.e., “dark sides,” have also surfaced. The intricacies surrounding these externalities and their regulatory measures have garnered significant scholarly interest; however, there remains a lack of comprehensive guidance on the appropriate regulatory approaches. Based on a systematic literature review of 99 papers, we provide an overview of two regulatory approaches (government and self-regulation) to address the sharing economy's economic, social, and environmental externalities affecting multiple stakeholders. We show that government regulation entails mechanisms based on avoiding, limiting, and guiding, while self-regulation entails mechanisms related to market entry, operation, and monitoring. We develop an …

Why Your Organisation Needs A Language Management Strategy, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article discusses the challenges and benefits of managing language dynamics at work, where both standard and hybrid forms of language coexist. It reviews the literature on language-related misunderstanding and its effects on employee outcomes through three pathways: relational, emotional, and informational. It also suggests some interventions to enhance communication effectiveness and foster an inclusive culture in linguistically diverse workplaces.

Mindfulness And Workplace Safety: An Integrative Review, Zihan Liu, Kevin Hoff, Erica Baranski, Galen Snyder, Rhona Flin, Peggy Lindner, Christiane Spitzmueller

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Mindfulness has recently gained popularity in applied settings to enhance workplace safety, especially in safety-critical occupations such as healthcare and construction. In this review, we synthesize existing research across disciplines to establish a theoretical model of mindfulness and safety. Based on 32 empirical studies, we first summarize and critically analyze how mindfulness and safety are conceptualized and operationalized in the literature. We then consolidate empirical findings and conceptual arguments and draw upon the job demands–resources model to propose a theoretical model linking the basic benefits of mindfulness to safety-related job demands. Specifically, we propose that mindfulness (a) improves detection of …

Mentor Holding Behaviours: The Role Of Supervisors And Effects On Protégés, Menzhong Gao

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

The concept of holding behaviours has emerged as a response to the paradox that arises when employees require support but organisations face challenges in providing it. In today’s workplaces, job demands and organisational uncertainty have escalated, rendering traditional, hierarchical support systems inadequate to alleviate anxiety. Holding environments offer a temporary safe space for employees to express emotions and cope with uncertainty and insecurity.

Despite the importance of holding behaviours in addressing self-reliance and support dilemmas, limited research has been conducted on their antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, and boundary conditions. To fill this gap, this study proposes a trickle-down model that integrates …

Improvisation, Routine Dynamics, And Temporal Regularity, Kenneth T. Goh, Claus Rerup

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Improvisation is sensitive to time, and in this chapter, we explore how temporal regularity influences the process of improvisation within the context of organizational routines. Specifically, we develop a time-based perspective to highlight that the temporal regularity of a routine plays a fundamental role in maintaining a balance between stability and flexibility (improvisation). We illustrate the idea that temporal regularity allows for improvisation with an example of the Scrum routine within the context of videogame development. Our contribution is twofold. First, we advance new insights on how the temporal pattern of a routine is a minimal structure that complements action …

Interpersonal Behavior In Assessment Center Role-Play Exercises: Investigating Structure, Consistency, And Effectiveness, Simon M. Breil, Filip Lievens, Boris Forthmann, Mitla D. Back

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although the behaviors displayed by assessees are the currency of assessment centers (ACs), they have remained largely unexplored. This is surprising because a better understanding of assessees' behaviors may provide the missing link between research on the determinants of assessee performance and research on the validity of performance ratings. Therefore, this study draws on behavioral personality science to scrutinize the behaviors that assessees express in interpersonal AC exercises. Our goals were to investigate (a) the structure of interpersonal behaviors, (b) the consistency of these behaviors across AC exercises, and (c) their effectiveness. We obtained videotaped performances of 203 assessees who …

The Reputational And Ethical Consequences Of Deceptive Chatbot Use, Jack Mcguire, David De Cremer, Yorck Hesselbarth, Leander De Schutter, Ke Michael Mai, Alain Van Hiel

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The use of chatbots is becoming widespread as they offer significant economic opportunities. At the same time, however, customers seem to prefer interacting with human operators when making inquiries and as a result are not as cooperative with chatbots when their use is known. This specific situation creates an incentive for organizations to use chatbots without disclosing this to customers. Will this deceptive practice harm the reputation of the organization, and the employees who work for them? Across four experimental studies, we demonstrate that prospective customers, who interact with an organization using chatbots, perceive the organization to be less ethical …

Trust Across Borders: A Review Of The Research On Interorganizational Trust In International Business, Tengjian Zou, Gokhan Ertug, Ilya R. P. Cuypers, Donald L. Ferrin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Trust between organizations has been recognized as crucial in international business (IB) and has attracted extensive research attention. Researchers have conceptualized and measured interorganizational trust in multiple ways, investigated numerous determinants and outcomes of interorganizational trust, and explored interorganizational trust in several types of international relationships across a range of country combinations using varied research methodologies. Our review aims to consolidate and advance this literature by focusing on (i) how interorganizational trust has been conceptualized in IB; (ii) how interorganizational trust has been operationalized in IB; (iii) what factors promote or hinder interorganizational trust in IB; (iv) what the outcomes …

A Study On The Effect Of Confucian Culture On The Work Enthusiasm Of Enterprise Employees, Mei Xu

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Confucianism represents the core of Chinese philosophical ideologies and values, often regarded as the “root” and “source” of Chinese culture. Its influence extends beyond the realm of culture, imparting enduring impacts on the ethical and behavioral norms of Chinese individuals and organizations (Ip, 2009). Xue and Liu (2009) remarked, “It may seem as though the shadow of traditional Confucian culture has faded from view, but regardless of whether one acknowledges it or not, it remains deeply ingrained in the heart of every Chinese individual, serving as the foundation of the Chinese nation.” As a rising economic power, China’s market mechanisms …

Correcting For Range Restriction In Meta-Analysis: A Reply To Oh Et Al. (2023), Paul R. Sackett, Christopher M. Berry, Filip Lievens, Charlene Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Oh et al. (2023) question a number of choices made in our article (Sackett et al., 2022); here we respond. They interpret our article as recommending against correcting for range restriction in general in concurrent validation studies; yet, we emphasize that we endorse correction when one has access to the information needed to do so. Our focus was on making range restriction corrections when conducting meta-analyses, where it is common for primary studies to be silent as to the prior basis for selection of the employees later participating in the concurrent validation study. As such, the applicant pool information needed …

Effects Of A Mindfulness-Based Leadership Training On Leadership Behaviors And Effectiveness, Nina Tan, Eva Katharina Peters, Jochen Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Objectives: Organizations increasingly integrate mindfulness elements into their leadership development. However, there is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of mindfulness-based leadership training (MBLT) due to a scarcity of intervention studies. Theoretically, little is known about mediating mechanisms through which MBLT might affect leadership effectiveness. Thus, this research examined whether MBLT can improve leadership effectiveness and whether leadership behaviors mediated this effect.MethodsWe conducted a quasi-experimental study conducted in a real-world setting with an active control condition. Sixty leaders from various industries participated in either a 2-day intensive MBLT workshop followed by three individual coaching sessions over 3 months, or a presentation …

3 Groundless Myths That Get In The Way Of Workforce Inclusivity, Kenneth T. Goh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In a commentary, SMU Associate Professor of Strategy & Entrepreneurship (Education) Kenneth Goh discussed and debunked three groundless myths that get in the way of workforce inclusivity. He also called for companies to seek expert advice from relevant agencies and explore partnerships with institutions of higher learning, such as SMU, to pursue inclusivity in a sustainable manner. He added that SMU provides its students opportunities to work with companies and examine the feasibility of their inclusivity initiatives as part of their coursework.