Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons^™

Ethical Leadership: Not Everyone Responds Equally, W. Randy Evans, Richard S. Allen, Russell W. Clayton

Organization Management Journal

Theoretical frameworks associated with ethical leadership have not fully considered the nature of the leader–follower exchange, and, in addition, few studies have considered the impact of follower individual differences in reactions to ethical leadership. Our research extends the customary social exchange perspective of transactional and relational resources by accounting for the ideological resources (i.e., value-oriented principles) that can also imbue the leader–subordinate relationship. Second, differences in equity sensitivity are hypothesized to moderate the influence of ethical leadership on employee attachment to the organization. We predicted that the impact of ethical leadership on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational identification is …

Evaluating Indicators Of Job Performance: Distributions And Types Of Analyses, Richard J. Chambers Ii

Doctoral Dissertations

Distributions of job performance indicators have historically been assumed to be normally distributed (Aguinis & O'Boyle, 2014; Schmidt & Hunter, 1983; Tiffin, 1947). Generally, any evidence to the contrary has been attributed to errors in the measurement of job performance (Murphy, 2008). A few researchers have been skeptical of this assumption (Micceri, 1989; Murphy, 1999; Saal, Downey, & Lahey, 1980); yet, only recently has research demonstrated that in certain specific situations job performance is exponentially distributed (Aguinis, O'Boyle, Gonzalez-Mulé, & Joo, 2016; O'Boyle & Aguinis, 2012). To date there have been few recommendations in the Industrial-Organizational Psychology literature about how …

Using Latent Class Cluster Analysis To Identify And Profile Organizational Subclimates: An Exploratory Investigation Using Safety Climate As An Exemplar, Amy Frost Stevenson

Doctoral Dissertations

Organizational climate refers to the shared meaning organizational members attach to the events, policies, practices, and procedures they experience as well as to the behaviors they see being rewarded, supported, and expected (Schneider, Ehrhart, & Macey, 2011). Climate scholars have most frequently used referent-shift consensus and dispersion composition models (Chan, 1998) to conceptualize and measure organizational climate. Based on these models, climate emergence has been characterized by low variance or high consensus of individual-level climate perceptions (Chan, 1998; Ehrhart, Schneider, & Macey, 2013; Hazy & Ashley, 2011; Kuenzi & Schminke, 2009) within formally defined organizational groups (e.g., work teams).

Climate …

An Approach-Avoidance Framework Of Workplace Aggression, D. Lance Ferris, Ming Yan, Vivien K. G. Lim, Yuanyi Chen, Shereen Fatimah

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The number of constructs developed to assess workplace aggression has flourished in recent years, leading to confusion over what meaningful differences exist (if any) between the constructs. We argue that one way to frame the field of workplace aggression is via approach–avoidance principles, with various workplace aggression constructs(e.g., abusive supervision, supervisor undermining, and workplace ostracism) differentially predicting specific approach or avoidance emotions and behaviors. Using two multi-wave field samples of employees, we demonstrate the utility of approach–avoidance principles in conceptualizing workplace aggression constructs, as well as the processes and boundary conditions through which they uniquely influence outcomes. Implications for the …

The Too-Much Precision Effect: When And Why Precise Anchors Backfire With Experts, David D. Loschelder, Malte Friese, Michael Schaerer, Adam D. Galinsky

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Past research has suggested a fundamental principle of price precision: The more precise an opening price, the more it anchors counteroffers. The present research challenges this principle by demonstrating a too-much-precision effect. Five experiments (involving 1,320 experts and amateurs in real-estate, jewelry, car, and human-resources negotiations) showed that increasing the precision of an opening offer had positive linear effects for amateurs but inverted-U-shaped effects for experts. Anchor precision backfired because experts saw too much precision as reflecting a lack of competence. This negative effect held unless first movers gave rationales that boosted experts’ perception of their competence. Statistical mediation and …

Did Bp Atone For Its Transgressions? Expanding Theory Of “Ethical Apology In Crisis Communication, Audra Diers-Lawson, Augustine Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Ethical communication during crisis response is often assessed by external perceptions of the organization's intentions, rather than an assessment of the organization's communicative behaviors. This can easily lead researchers to draw editorial conclusions about an organization's ethics in crisis response rather than accurately describing its communicative behaviors. The case of BP's 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico provides a prime example for the importance of accurately assessing the ethical content of an organization's crisis response because the ethics of BP's response have been discussed in news and academic sources; yet little direct examination of the ethical content in …

Impact Of Communication Appeals On Recycling Behaviors Among Undergraduate Students, Ning Zhu

Open Access Theses

The present thesis aims to understand factors influencing student recycling behaviors, and to investigate effective communication approaches to increase such behaviors. An online survey was conducted to examine the relationships between student recycling frequency in different contexts, students’ attitudes toward the environment, barriers to their recycling, students’ perceptions of communication messages, and communication media they think to be effective. Descriptive statistics, ANOVAs, t-test, simple linear regressions, categorical multinomial logistic regression, and a chi-square test were conducted, and the data was collected from a large land-grant university in the Midwestern United States. A total of 537 questionnaires were answered.

The …

Modern Megachurch Organization In The United States (2005-2013) : An Exploratory Organizational Study Of The American Megachurch Phenomenon., Robert Lee Shelby Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation study explores the applicability of two for-profit organizational theories on a non-profit sector. Theoretical concepts from organizational ecology (OE) and new institutional sociology (NIS) provide the framework for exploring modern megachurches as an organizational phenomenon in the United States between 2005 and 2013. Modern megachurches are modern in the sense they really began to be an organizational population starting in the 1970s and 1980s. These churches are distinctively from the Protestant Christian tradition having 2,000 or more attendees (Thumma & Travis, 2007; Hartford Institute for Religion Research, n.d.). Three empirical chapters test several hypotheses germane to these aforementioned …

Contingent Value Of Director Identification: The Role Of Government Directors In Monitoring And Resource Provision In An Emerging Economy, Hongjin Zhu, Toru Yoshikawa

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although previous studies have explored the value of government directors, less attention has been directed at the antecedents of government directors' engagement in value-adding activities, such as managerial monitoring and resource provision. Drawing on social identity theory, we offer a novel model that specifies how a government director's dual identifications with the focal firm, and with the government individually and interactively affect his or her governance behavior. An investigation of government directors in China shows that their identification with the focal firm enhances monitoring and resource provision, while their identification with the government affects monitoring and resource provision differently. depending …

International Trade Effects Of Regional Economic Integration In Africa: The Case Of The Southern African Development Community (Sadc), Mengesha Yayo, Sisay Asefa

International Journal of African Development

Empirical studies on regional economic integration process in Africa exhibit sluggish progress, and there by limited level of intra-trade. The existing literature in Africa, particularly in the Southern African regional integration bloc, has neglected the effects of regional economic integration dealing with disaggregated data. This study analyzes trade creation and diversion effects of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) using disaggregated data. The investigation estimates an augmented gravity model using panel data and random effect estimator methods applying instrumental variables where needed.

The results show that intra-SADC trade is growing in the fuel and minerals and the heavy manufacturing sectors …

Announcing The New Editor For Omj, Effective 2017, As Well As Award Winning Articles Of 2015 And An Issue Focused On The Needs Of Subordinates And Students, William P. Ferris

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

You And Your Supervisor: Why Is The Relationship Important?, Kerri Anne Crowne, Lisa T. Stickney

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

Further Assessment Of Online Learning: Perceptions Of Business Students, Theodore Peters

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

Are You Actually Helping Or Just Looking Out For Yourself?: Examining The Individual And Interactive Effects Of Relationship Quality And Political Skill On Supervisor Motive Attributions, Rebecca L. Badaway, Brooke A. Shaughnessy, Robyn L. Brouer, Stephanie R. Seitz

Organization Management Journal

Scholars have argued for the importance of motive attributions in supervisors’ reactions and subsequent decisions about their subordinates’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). However, research examining models of attributions of OCBs have not considered the role of individual skill and relationship quality. The purpose of this two-experiment study is to examine the impact of subordinate political skill and leader–member exchange (LMX) on the attributions supervisors make of their subordinates’ OCBs and how these attributions affect subordinate performance ratings. Results from experiment 1 (n = 195) indicate that subordinates who are highly politically skilled and in high-quality relationships receive more favorable, other-serving …

Linking Abusive Supervision To Employee Engagement And Exhaustion, Melinda L. Scheuer, James P. Burton, Larissa K. Barber, Lisa M. Finkelstein, Christopher P. Parker

Organization Management Journal

This research extends the differentiated job demands–resource model by integrating the main propositions of the transactional theory of stress to examine how cognitive appraisal processes link employee perceptions of abusive supervision to engagement and exhaustion. Two studies were conducted using a broad sample of employees. Study 1 developed the abusive supervision demand appraisal measure (ABSDAM). Study 2 examined the role that challenge or hindrance demand appraisals play in employee reactions to perceptions of abusive supervision. Study 1 determined that the ABSDAM was a valid means to measure how employees appraise abusive supervision as a challenge and/or hindrance demand. Study 2 …

Exploring U.S. Retail Employees’ Experiences Of Corporate Hypocrisy, Saheli Goswami, Jung E. Ha-Brookshire

Organization Management Journal

Corporate hypocrisy (CH) exists when people believe that firms are not what they claim to be. Much of the previous research has focused on how consumers may perceive firms as hypocritical and how that might affect firms’ sales and profits, but little has been researched on CH as experienced by employees. This study explored CH experienced by employees in the U.S. retail sector, which is predominantly comprised of part-time, low-income personnel. Through in-depth interviews of 16 retail employees, the study revealed that for participants, inconsistencies in both supervisors’ and corporate claims and actions resulted in perceived CH in employees. This, …

Business Student Perceptions Of Online Learning: Using Focus Groups For Richer Understanding Of Student Perspectives, Justin D. Cochran, Hope M. Baker, Debbie Benson, Wes Rhea

Organization Management Journal

The purpose of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of student perceptions, expectations, and opinions about online learning at the program level. Student evaluations of teaching are generally focused upon a single course and instructor and therefore do not address students’ general perceptions of online learning and the effectiveness of various elements specific to the online course environment. Faculty worked with a professional focus-group moderator to develop and conduct the focus groups, which involved 11 undergraduate students experienced with online learning. Using a qualitative process, we discovered some common themes that cut across courses in an online program, …

The Impact Of Perceived Corporate Hypocrisy On Employees In The Retail Industry, Joel Harmon

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

Validity And Reliability Of Situational Judgement Test Scores: A New Approach Based On Cognitive Diagnosis Models, Miguel A. Sorrel, Julio Olea, Francisco José Abad, Jimmy De La Torre, David Aguado, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Conventional methods for assessing the validity and reliability of situational judgment test (SJT) scores have proven to be inadequate. For example, factor analysis techniques typically lead to nonsensical solutions, and assumptions underlying Cronbach's alpha coefficient are violated due to the multidimensional nature of SJTs. In the current article, we describe how cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) provide a new approach that not only overcomes these limitations but that also offers extra advantages for scoring and better understanding SJTs. The analysis of the Q-matrix specification, model fit, and model parameter estimates provide a greater wealth of information than traditional procedures do. Our …

Ohm … Pardon The Interruption! An Exploration Of Mindfulness As A Buffer Against The Effects Of Intrusions, Keaton Allen Fletcher

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has provided a helpful, albeit narrow, understanding of task interruptions as related to outcomes such as wellness and performance (e.g., Eyrolle & Cellier, 2000). Building on this foundation by viewing interruptions through the broader theoretical context of the theory of mental workload, this study sought to explain the cognitive processes underlying the negative performance effects often associated with interruptions and to apply an intervention aimed at mitigating these effects. Specifically, mindfulness has emerged as a promising method for reducing the cognitive burden of interruptions. This study examined the effects of intrusions (a type of interruption) on psychological strain …

The Communication Constitution Of Law Enforcement In North Carolina’S Efforts Against Human Trafficking, Elizabeth Hampton Jeter

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past 20 years, human trafficking has gained international attention and resulted in the creation of anti-trafficking laws in the United States. Politicians, scholars, and organizations have called for more professional efforts against human trafficking and advocated for better education and awareness to identify victims and prosecute traffickers. Local law enforcement is recognized for its ideal position in communities to combat this crime. In 2011, North Carolina implemented a statewide human trafficking training program for law enforcement. This research study examines the communication constitution of law enforcement and the use of power through this training program and as officers …

The Documentality Of Ethics – Codes Of Library Ethics As Support Of Professional Practice, Joacim Hansson

Proceedings from the Document Academy

This study analyzes codes of ethics, seen as documents, and their role in supporting the professional practice of librarianship. Theoretically it is placed within the scholarly discussion on the role and function of documents in various practices. Specific interest is directed towards the concept of ”performative documentality”. Empirically, the analysis is concentrated on one example, the Code of Ethics of the American Library Association (ALA). Both the immediate pre-history of this code, and its subsequent editions are described and analyzed in relation to the given theoretical position. Results show that the development ALA code of ethics corresponds to the ideas …

Toward Informed Leadership: Teaching Students To Make Better Decisions Using Information, Ilana Stonebraker

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Studies have shown that introducing additional information without context leads to worse decision making. Informed leadership is the purposeful integration of information into decision management. This article reframes information literacy as decision management using elements of evidence-based management. It highlights strategies such as decision awareness, process creation, and decision practice and approaches for purposeful application in the information literacy classroom.

The Relationship Of Communication Styles Of Millennial Employees With The Communication Satisfaction And Perceptions Of Communicator Competence Of Their Supervisors, Edward R. De La Torre

Dissertations

Each generation in the workplace shares characteristics that distinguish them from the generations before them. These differences in personality, behavior, and attitudes can result in intergenerational conflict, and these dynamics were identified by researchers when describing the interaction between young Millennial workers and their supervisors of the older generations. However, research did not explicitly test if these differences extend to the different communication styles that people exhibited in their verbal interactions. One such communication style paradigm, the Mok’s Communication Styles Survey (MCSS), describes the actual communication style of an individual, and was used to see if Millennials communicated differently than …

Tapping The Power Of Local Knowledge: A Local-Global Interactive Perspective, Shenxue Li, Mark Easterby-Smith, Majorie A. Lyles, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Existing theories of international business and strategy do not fully explain how local knowledge disadvantage faced by foreign investors can be mitigated. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study into four MNCs to investigate the micro-processes of how they generated value from their dispersed sources of local knowledge in China. The results suggest an interactive model: that MNCs employed management processes encompassing three strategically interconnected efforts—global knowledge penetration, local-global knowledge blending, and local-global knowledge integration. The model highlights the interplay between global and local knowledge and challenges extant research that solely focuses on the transfer of either home-based or local knowledge.

What Makes Professors Credible: The Effect Of Demographic Characteristics And Ideological Beliefs, Luke Zhu, Karl Aquino, Abhijeet K. Vadera

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Five studies are conducted to examine how ideology and perceptions regarding gender, race, caste, and affiliation status affect how individuals judge researchers' credibility. Support is found for predictions that individuals judge researcher credibility according to their egalitarian or elitist ideologies and according to status cues including race, gender, caste, and university affiliation. Egalitarians evaluate low-status researchers as more credible than high-status researchers. Elitists show the opposite pattern. Credibility judgments affect whether individuals will interpret subsequent ambiguous events in accordance with the researcher's findings. Effects of diffuse status cues and ideological beliefs may be mitigated when specific status cues are presented …

Widening Access In Selection Using Situational Judgement Tests: Evidence From The Ukcat, Filip Lievens, Fiona Patterson, Jan Corstjens, Stuart Martin, Sandra Nicholson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Widening access promotes student diversity and the appropriate representation of all demographic groups. This study aims to examine diversity-related benefits of the use of situational judgement tests (SJTs) in the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) in terms of three demographic variables: (i) socioeconomic status (SES); (ii) ethnicity, and (iii) gender. Methods: Outcomes in medical and dental school applicant cohorts for the years 2012 (n = 15 581) and 2013 (n = 15 454) were studied. Applicants' scores on cognitive tests and an SJT were linked to SES (parents' occupational status), ethnicity (White versus Black and other minority ethnic candidates), and …

Women And Men Leading In Christian Nonprofits And Universities, Amy Reynolds

Dismantling Bias Conference Series

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Hierarchical Organizational Culture, Organizational Environment, And Women’S Experience On Work-Family Enrichment In South Korea, Sunyoung Park, Sung Jun Jo

Dismantling Bias Conference Series

No abstract provided.

The Gendered And Cultural Realities Of Managing A Global Workforce: Implications For Research And Practice, Kaumudi Misra

Dismantling Bias Conference Series

No abstract provided.