Marketing Commons^™

The Effect Of Native Vs. Foreign Language On Consumer Visual Perception, Gabriela Reymont

Honors Projects in Marketing

This research examines the effect of language on visual perception. Specifically, how the use of native language vs. foreign language affects preference for different elements of visual perception (e.g. low movement vs. high movement, angular shape vs. circular shape). Although language usage has been found to influence consumer perception, past literature has failed to examine language as the antecedent of visual perception. To fill that gap, two controlled experiments are conducted in a survey format. Within the survey, participants examine marketing stimuli presented either in their foreign language or native language. For the first experiment, participants choose between packaging with …

Impact Of Fashion Advertisements On Consumers, Kathryn Sweeney

Honors Projects in Marketing

This paper sets out to investigate the expectations, satisfaction, and retention of fashion advertising. The purpose of this paper is to determine if ad type (traditional models vs. plus-size models) and brand type (luxury vs. non-luxury) have impacts on consumers’ perceptions, attitudes, purchase intention, and overall expectations of the advertisements and brands. Two-hundred fifty-six participants (62.5% males, 37.5% females) (mean age = 19.9) were recruited from Bryant University and received extra credit in their MKT201 course for completing the survey. Each participant was randomly assigned one stimulus advertisement and was then asked to answer a questionnaire that featured measures of …

Competence In Co-Creation: The Impact Of Product Attributes And Add-On Services In The Decision To Co-Create, Peter Elder

Honors Projects in Marketing

Purpose: Co-creation is increasingly used by companies as a method of improving the overall value of a product or service offering. The purpose of this paper is to explore determinants of customer value in relation to customer value co-creation in the context of an online purchase decision.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of Elaboration Likelihood on the desire to co-create a product and the attractiveness of the product based on different contextual modifiers to the online purchase and co-creation decision. Methodology: In order to understand determinants of the value of a co-creation experience, an online purchase process was simulated for participants, …

Strategy & Tactics To Improve Sales For B2b Manufacturing Firms: A Case Study, Frank T. Ricci, Jr.

Honors Projects in Marketing

Manufacturing businesses primarily focus on producing products, but as a result, these firms can fall behind on their marketing efforts when compared to other business sectors. Through a case study approach, an analysis was conducted to reveal how business to business 'B2B' manufacturing firms can attain and use marketing research supplemented by robust data analysis from its customers to improve sales. The study was divided into 7 sections. Sections 1, 2, and 3 show the dynamics of this business sector and motivations for this project. The remaining sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 explore the practical implications through a live …

The Comparison Of Effectiveness Of Social Media Marketing By Brands And Influencers For Organic Cosmetics, Alyssa Belanger

Honors Projects in Marketing

The cosmetics industry, one of the largest industries in the world, has taken a major shift toward organic products. Consumers prefer these products because they are safer on the human skin, have longer lasting positive effects, and do not harm animals in the creation of the product. Marketing strategies have taken a major shift toward social media. Partnering with influencers to promote products has become increasingly popular because it can be more effective by creating a deeper, more personal relationship with consumers (Glucksman, 2017). However, distrust has been growing toward influencer marketing because their recommendations are not always authentic (Kowalewisc, …

An Examination Of Sustainable Marketing And Fan Engagment Within The Sports Industry, Caroline Meizen

Honors Projects in Marketing

The goal of this research-based thesis was to uncover the prominent methods of connecting with fans and recognizing preferences of marketing messages to see if sustainable marketing will increase engagement on game-day or have a neutral impact. Research was conducted through an analysis of case studies from the perspective of teams, athletes, and venues. A survey was distributed to analyze fan behaviors related to the importance of sustainability, engagement preferences with marketing messages and overall impact of the sports space as a platform for sustainable messages. Survey results of sports fans showed that the connection with their favorite teams and …

Impact Of Fashion Advertisements On Consumers, Kathryn Sweeney, Kacy Kim, Sharmin Attaran

Honors Projects in Marketing

This paper sets out to investigate the expectations, satisfaction, and retention of fashion advertising. The purpose of this paper is to determine if ad type (traditional models vs. plus-size models) and brand type (luxury vs. non-luxury) have impacts on consumers’ perceptions, attitudes, purchase intention, and overall expectations of the advertisements and brands. Two-hundred fifty-six participants (62.5% males, 37.5% females) (mean age = 19.9) were recruited from Bryant University and received extra credit in their MKT201 course for completing the survey. Each participant was randomly assigned one stimulus advertisement and was then asked to answer a questionnaire that featured measures of …

A Study Of The Technology Acceptance Model For Social Media Adoption In Small & Medium Enterprises, Lily Iacurci

Honors Projects in Marketing

While some small businesses adopt social media into their business practices, others do not. This study utilizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to discover what factors or elements influence the adoption of social media within small and medium enterprises (SMEs). An extended version of the TAM was created to examine several factors that may influence SMEs’ adoption of social media. Through an empirical analysis, several findings were uncovered. It was found that compatibility, perceived ease of use and cost all had a significant effect on SME’s owner or marketers’ attitudes toward adopting social media. The implications of these findings for …

Message Assertiveness And Price Discount In Prosocial Advertising: Differences Between Americans And Koreans, Hyejin Bang, Dongwon Choi, Sukki Yoon, Tae Hyun Baek, Yeonshin Kim

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

Purpose

Prosocial advertisers widely use assertive messages to encourage prosocial attitudes and behaviors, but ironically, assertive messages may cause reactance. By applying cultural theories and the reciprocity principle, this study aims to observe whether consumers’ responses to assertive messages hold across culturally different audiences (Americans vs South Koreans) and different consumption situations (price discount vs no discount).

Design/methodology/approach

American and Korean participants take part in three experimental studies examining the interactions of nationality, price discounts and assertive messaging for influencing consumer responses, first to a prosocial ad encouraging recycling (Study 1), the second for a campaign requesting donations for disadvantaged …

Rivalry Appeals In Advertising: Distinctiveness Versus Inclusiveness, David Stahr

Honors Projects in Marketing

The main objective of the research is to study how convenience and shopping products impact how consumers react to rivalry appeals in advertisements. The authors examine the effectiveness of rivalry appeals in advertisements and how they are impacted by the product type considered by consumers. In two studies, a 2 (prime: distinctiveness vs. inclusiveness) x 2 (message: competition vs. collaboration) ANOVA methodology was conducted on survey data. In Study 1, participants primed with distinctiveness (inclusiveness) and considering convenience products experienced an assimilation effect where they preferred competitive (collaborative) rivalry appeals. In Study 2, participants primed with distinctiveness (inclusiveness) and considering …

Rivalry Appeals In Advertising: Distinctiveness Versus Inclusiveness, David Stahr, Sukki Yoon, Kacy Kim

Honors Projects in Marketing

The main objective of the research is to study how convenience and shopping products impact how consumers react to rivalry appeals in advertisements. The authors examine the effectiveness of rivalry appeals in advertisements and how they are impacted by the product type considered by consumers. In two studies, a 2 (prime: distinctiveness vs. inclusiveness) x 2 (message: competition vs. collaboration) ANOVA methodology was conducted on survey data. In Study 1, participants primed with distinctiveness (inclusiveness) and considering convenience products experienced an assimilation effect where they preferred competitive (collaborative) rivalry appeals. In Study 2, participants primed with distinctiveness (inclusiveness) and considering …

Sales Position Mobility: Exploring Women's Mobility In Sales Positions, Nyatasha Jackowicz

Honors Projects in Marketing

This thesis consists of literature research and a survey study to answer the question "Is there a consistent movement over the course of a sales career from outside sales to inside sales among women" The survey will help find correlations between specific job qualities and how they link to inside and outside sales positions. The survey will find qualitative information on specific sales professional's career paths and provide an in-depth view on motivational and job factors that have also affected female salespeople's decisions to pursue inside sales roles over outside sales roles.

How Search Personalization Impacts Consumer Behavior, Jessica Taylor

Honors Projects in Marketing

Almost half the world’s population is online, roughly 3.2 billion people and one of the main uses of the internet is for search. Search engines like Google receive over 63,000 searches per second on any given day, with users looking to find information to questions, interact with communities, and purchase products online. Personalization enables search engines to provide the most relevant results and helps companies reach their target audiences more efficiently. This study focuses on personalization and its various forms, including targeted advertisements, the disadvantages of search, Cookies, and data privacy. The goal of this study is to understand (a) …

From Listening To Lyrics To Buying Brands: The Effectiveness Of Lyrical Product Placement, Mary Bridget Gomes

Honors Projects in Marketing

Brand placement is a nonconventional medium for companies to use to help consumers gain brand awareness and ultimately purchase a product. The purpose of this study was to investigate brand placement in different genres of songs to identify the participants’ degree of recall and recognition of these brands and determine if participants were enticed to purchase the brand, in order to draw conclusions of what genre and speed make a placement effective. Brand placement has been used in music videos, television shows and movies. Studies have seen a positive effect on purchase intent from these placements, yet there is a …

The Role Of Supplier Performance Evaluations In Mitigating Risk: Assessing Evaluation Processes And Behaviors, Timothy G. Hawkins, Michael J. Gravier, William A. Muir

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

Given the level of outsourcing, supplier performance evaluation (SPE) is a critical supply chain process. SPEs are used to record supplier performance levels to inform future supplier selections, and thus mitigate the risk of adverse selection. Numerous weaknesses associated with industrial buyers' collection and use of supplier performance information call SPE effectiveness into question. The risk-related factors affecting SPE effectiveness have not been empirically explored, including misuses of the tool. This research identifies the factors affecting SPE risk mitigation effectiveness. It employs a mixed method of qualitative interviews of buyers and suppliers in order to develop a model of SPE …

Artificial Intelligence And The Sales Process: How To Help Sales Students Develop An Analytics Skill Set, Michael Rodriguez, Stefanie L. Boyer

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

The following learning protocol provides an opportunity for professors to help students apply artificial intelligence and analytics in a pipeline management exercise. The activity allows advanced sales students to build a predictive sales model in Salesforce.com’s Einstein Analytics Platform. The following innovation walks the educator through the process of accessing the platform, building a model and analyzing outcomes. The exercise provides the opportunity to improve outcomes and act on sales opportunities, simulating the work environment. The article provides teaching tips for success to help professors stay current in the digital age and prepare students for early career success.

Matieralism Or Morality In Social Media, Which Matters Most? Insights From Millennials Luxury Consumption, Sukki Yoon, Virginia Vannucci, Lamberto Zollo, Riccardo Rialti

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

"Social media are increasingly becoming a fundamental channel for every marketing strategy, particularly in advertising. The pertinent literature stresses how Millennials - the digital born generation very inclined to web interaction - represent one of the most relevant segments of social media users. Hence, firms are more and more using social media channels to engage Millennials, especially thanks to the use of mobile apps. Although Millennials do not represent the traditional target of luxury firms, social media might represent a useful strategic tool to reach them and also transfer the luxury brands’ image and value. While scholars widely investigated the …

Savoring The Product: A Look At The Impact Of Ai On Pre And Post Purchase Satisfaction, Sharmin Attaran, Moshen Attaran, Diane Kirkland

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the profound effects of Augmented Intelligence (AI) on Product, one of the “Four-Ps” of marketing: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Today’s customers are used to extreme convenience, beyond the brick-and-mortar shopping experience, and beyond online images. Customers increasingly demand more information, and more personalized information. This paper addresses how the presentation of products has changed. This paper is conceptual, based on a review of academic literature on marketing strategy, psychology, AI, and Machine Learning as chronicled in major marketing and business research journals.

Text Versus Pictures In Advertising: Effects Of Psychological Distance And Product Type, Yung Kyun Choi, Sukki Yoon, Kacy Kim, Yeonshin Kim

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

The authors examine effects of marketing messages that use text or pictures for advertising durable or nondurable products appealing to consumers’ perceptions of close versus far psychological distance. In three studies, ads featuring text (pictures) evoke more favourable attitudes and purchase intentions toward products to be purchased in the distant (close) future or at a distant (close) location. In addition, ads featuring text (pictures) evoke more favourable attitudes and purchase intentions for durable (nondurable) goods. The research shows that marketers will be most persuasive if they ensure congruence among message formats, product types, and psychological distance.

Dollar-Off Or Percent-Off? Discount Framing, Construal Levels, And Advertising Appeals, Sukki Yoon, Kacy Kim, Sujin Kim, Gabrielle Corner

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

In two studies, the authors reveal how consumers react to marketing messages when two commonly used promotional tactics – price discounts and advertising messages – are synergized. Building on construal level theory, Study 1 shows how dollar-off discount framings (“Buy 2, get $10 off”) trigger low-level construal, while percent-off discount framings (“Buy 2, Get 50% off”) activate high-level construal. Study 2 demonstrates that congruent levels are matched when dollar-off discount appeals are paired with attribute appeals and when percent-off appeals are paired with benefit appeals, leading to more effective marketing communications.

Managing The Next Generation Of Sales, Gen Z/Millennial Cusp: An Exploration Of Grit, Entrepreneurship, And Loyalty, Michael Rodriguez, Stefanie L. Boyer, David Fleming, Scott Cohen

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

Purpose: The current study explores the latest generation of the workforce, Generation Z/Millennial cusp, and the loyalty concerns hiring managers’ experience. The authors explore how the characteristics of entrepreneurship and grit can potentially impact employee loyalty to an organization.

Methodology/approach: A content analysis using responses from 51 hiring managers and their views of the advantages and challenges of hiring from the millennial generation yielded patterns focused on grit, loyalty, and entrepreneurship.

Findings: Based on the feedback from hiring managers using a grounded theory approach, we propose a conceptual model that includes three constructs that emerged from the analysis: individual entrepreneurship …

Consumer Perceptions Of Brand Mention In Magazines By Level Of Involvement, Charles J. Quigley, Sharmin Attaran, Elaine M. Notarantonio

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

Consumer perceptions of different methods of information delivery in magazines were studied. Three information delivery methods (advertisements, advertorials, editorials) and two types of consumer products (high involvement, low involvement) were used to evaluate reader perceptions of selling intent, source credibility, and purchase intention. Significant differences between high and low involvement products and between editorials, advertorials, and advertisements in perceived selling intent, perceived credibility, and purchase intention were found. Gender and prior knowledge of the product were also significant. Implications for marketers and policy-makers are also discussed

The Business Of Being Good: Crm Strategies And For-Profit Organizations, Danielle Crepeau

Honors Projects in Marketing

Many studies have measured the impact of cause related marketing (CRM) strategies on non-profit organizations, however few have been able to measure the impact that these strategies can have on the for-profit organizations employing them. This study hypothesizes that a co-branded CRM strategy will have greater benefits for a for-profit organization than will a jointly-branded strategy or no strategy at all. This hypothesis was tested using two studies, both with a 2x3 factorial design for firms with both a positive and negative brand reputation. It was found that, for an organization with a negative image, consumers viewed the organization more …

How Technology Has Changed Direct Selling, Robert Anthony Norris

Honors Projects in Marketing

Traditional direct selling has undergone a dramatic transformation as new technology, products, and methods have developed over the last few years. The industry has adapted to these advancements in order to stay relevant in today’s changing market place. In some ways, these technological advancements have created opportunities, though some believe the essence of direct selling is now at risk. There has been little research in the field of direct selling and even less on the impact technological advances have on the industry or players involved. The purpose of this research is to uncover how the development of technology and social …

Why A Hierarchy-Of-Effects Model Is Still The Best Approach To Managing And Optimizing The Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies, Keith B. Murray

Marketing Department Faculty Journal Articles

Since the early calls for the use of a hierarchy-of-effects approach to assessing and then strategically guiding corporate management in its oversight of CSR endeavors by the enterprise, research related to CSR effects overwhelming shows many favorable social exchanges between CSR firms and relevant stakeholders. Given the attractiveness of CSR payoffs to the firm – but recognizing the resource costs also associated with CSR decisions – a renewed case is manifest for how corporate governance can better understand and optimize CSR efforts, all to the betterment of both the organization and its key stakeholders.

A Quantitative Content Analysis On Food-Based Advergames Aimed At Children, Emiko Barker

Honors Projects in Communication

No abstract provided.

Five Seconds To The Ad: How Program-Induced Mood Affects Ad Countdown Effects, Tiffany Venmahavong

Honors Projects in Marketing

The study examines what effects a five second countdown warning will have on consumer’s attitudes towards the advertisement depending on the main program content. This study builds upon several theoretical models concerning program-induced moods in relation to viewer’s judgment to commercial advertisements. Findings from two studies suggest that program-induced mood systematically influences attitude toward the inserted ad with (vs. without) a five-second countdown: for the negative-affect program, attitude toward the ad was more positive when the ad was preceded by the countdown than when the ad was not preceded by the countdown. However, for the positive-affect program, attitude toward the …

International Currency Correlation, Thomas Griffin

Honors Projects in Finance

The purpose of this project is to examine the effects that one country’s currency can have on another countries currency. Currency is one of the key determinants of how a country’s economy is performing compared to the rest of the world. Some currencies have a negative or positive correlation with other currencies around the world. This data will help investors determine what they can expect to happen to a countries currency when there is a fluctuation in another currency. Certain industry practices where this information will be useful include the hedge fund industry and other global companies. This will be …

Consumer Purchasing: When Does Corporate Social Responsibility Matter?, Abigail Blecker

Honors Projects in Marketing

Almost all companies engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, and often times consumers are unaware of this. As societal pressures on companies and organizations to be more responsible increases, so have the practices companies have undertaken. My research will examine the potential impact a company’s CSR information and practices have on a consumer’s purchasing intentions. It will answer the following two questions: Does CSR information have the ability to change a person’s purchase intentions in high and low involvement purchasing scenarios? Will a person’s individual level of social responsibility cause differences in purchase intentions among different purchasing scenarios? Exposure …

Green Advertising And Millennials, Stephanie Davidson

Honors Projects in Marketing

This study investigates the responsiveness of Millennials to green versus non-green framed automobile print ads. A 2x2 factorial design was used in which specific advertising frames were manipulated to measure ad attitudes, purchase intentions, and skepticism for a high involvement product (i.e., an automobile). Results showed that highly-environmentally-concerned participants have more positive ad attitudes and greater purchase intentions after viewing a green ad than after viewing a non-green ad. These differences were not evident however for participants who exhibited low-environmental-concern. The results also showed that participants who are more environmentally concerned are less skeptical about green ads than those who …