Finance and Financial Management Commons^™

Islamic Finance For Financial Inclusion, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

Let me first of all take this opportunity to address the young men and women who are present here. I would like to repeat what I have said on many occasions in the past and won’t hesitate repeating this in the future unless it gets hammered in. Please do not shortchange yourselves by chasing degrees, certificates and grades , by memorizing selective material that is likely to be included in question papers and then spit it out at the examinations and then forget about it. You would repent it throughout your adult life if you do not pay heed to …

Gilgit-Baltistan At The Cross Road Of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (Cpec), Zulfiqar Ali Khan

MSJ Capstone Projects

This capstone project focused on the in-depth analysis of the role and impact of this multi-billion-dollar project on the politically deprived region of Gilgit-Baltistan. This region is the gateway to CPEC as it is the only region of Pakistan that shares border with China. The geographical ties, tributary and trade relationship and even family relationships between Gilgit-Baltistan and the Xinjiang region of China dates back centuries before the creation of Pakistan and the post revolution China.

The project has been designed and implemented in a way that GB’s role is to provide the services of road and some other services …

Case Studies In Islamic Finance And Shari’Ah Compliance, Ahmed Ali Siddiqui, Sarwat Ahson, Shazia Farooq

IBA Press

The Centre of Excellence in Islamic Finance (CEIF) at IBA has published this book titled ‘Case Studies in Islamic Finance and Shari’ah Compliance’. The Global Islamic Economy is valued in excess of US$ 2.2 trillion , and the Islamic Finance Sector is expected to reach US$ 3.8 trillion by 2022 . The Islamic Finance Industry in Pakistan has recorded annual growth rate exceeding 14% over the past two decades, and is still on an upward growth trajectory. However, its share in the banking sector deposits is merely 14.5% . The industry has a lot of scope to expand Islamic ­nance …

Does Volatility Scaling Improve The Performance Of Momentum Strategies In The Pakistan Stock Exchange?, Mohsin Sadaqat, Hilal Anwar Butt

Business Review

Momentum profits are low among stocks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. We explore whether this can be improved by exploiting the predicted negative relationship between returns and volatility of momentum strategies. This relationship suggests that momentum returns increase/decrease with decrease/increase in the volatility/variance of momentum returns during the previous six months. We find that scaled momentum strategies outperform the traditional strategy in terms of higher raw returns, risk-adjusted returns and Sharpe ratios. To show the superiority of scaled momentum strategies, we bootstrap the sample 100,000 times and generate the lognormal distribution of holding-period returns for all momentum strategies. We …

Impact Of Dividend Policy On Stock Prices: Evidence From Pakistan, Shahid Iqbal, Faisal Abbas, Bilal Aziz University Of Engineering And Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Business Review

We study the impact of dividend yields and payout ratios on stock prices using an econometric model that also includes control variables such as debt leverage rates, earnings per share, total assets and asset growth. Relevant data for Pakistani companies are compiled from a variety of sources for the period 2001-2014. Econometric results show that dividend yields are negatively correlated and dividend payout ratios positively correlated with stock prices.

The Nexus Of Financial Deepening, Economic Growth, And Poverty: The Case Of Pakistan, Abdur Rehman Aleemi, Muhammad Azam

Business Review

This study investigates the nexus of financial development, economic growth, and poverty for Pakistan over a prolonged period of time, 1960- 2012. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-Bounds testing approach to co integration and Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)along with VECM Granger causality have been applied to examine the long-run dynamic relationship among financial development, economic development and poverty. For that purpose, we have developed two models and adopted a new and relatively strong proxy for financial development. The results suggest that financial development negatively affects both long-run and short-run economic growth. However, financial development is found to be positively affecting per …

Revisiting Compensating Wage Differentials: The Evidence From Employer-Provided Health Insurance, Dan Qu

Business Review

This paper uses 1996 and 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the evidence for compensating wage differentials associated with employer-provided health insurance (EHI) in the United States. The results provide no evidence of a tradeoff between wages and EHI coverage. On the other hand, the results do suggest that employees who work in states with income taxes are more likely to receive EHI than those in states without income taxes. Fixed effects, first differencing and instrumental variable estimation are used to address the potential ability bias and endogeneity problems in wage models with EHI as an independent …

Easypaisa: Seizing The White Space And Business Model Innovation, Nasir Afghan

Business Review

EasyPaisa is a diversification case study written about two very different organizations, a Telco and Microfinance Bank, and how they merged to create a new business. This new business was providing Mobile Financial Services. Both Telenor (a Telco) and Tameer Bank (Microfinance bank) saw a business opportunity in branchless banking (business white space). They were committed to make this acquisition successful, where Telenor bought over 51%sharesof Tameer Bank. However, as per regulations, the branchless banking model is to be governed under a bank-led model. Therefore, the face of EasyPaisa has always been Tameer Bank which is expected to manage all …

Wealth Effect Of Mergers & Acquisitions In Emerging Market: A Case Of Pakistan’S Banking Sector, Sana Tauseef, Mohammad Nishat

Business Review

This study investigates the short-term market response associated with the announcement of seven merger and acquisition deals in the banking sector of Pakistan during the period 2003 to 2008 using the event study methodology. The results indicate statistically significant investor reactions around the merger announcements. For individual target and bidder banks, the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) range from significant positive to significant negative. The combined mean CAR for the bidder group is significant positive and for target group, the mean CAR is significant negative. The mean CAR for the combined banks in the domestic mergers is also positive but is …

Determinants Of Financial Distress Evidence From Kse 100 Index, Malik Rizwan Khurshid

Business Review

Financial distress and its determinants are very important for investors as well as financial institutions; no one can deny its significance. This paper assesses the determinants of financial distress of non financial companies of Karachi Stock exchange from 2003 to 2010. Financial distress in companies was calculated from Z score model. Determinants like current ratio, profitability, efficiency, solvency and leverage were identified. Result shows current ratio, profitability, solvency and leverage are negatively correlated while efficiency is positively correlated.

Interest Rate Sensitivity And Stock Returns, Mohsin R. Khan, Zahid Mahmood

Business Review

This paper investigates the sensitivity of interest rate to stock return of financial institutions traded at Karachi Stock Exchange. Two Index Model of Stone and Bernell(1974) have been used to test the proposition of the present study. Three different portfolios of financial institutions have been examined against sensitivity of actual and unanticipated interest rates. Repo rate/Policy rate instead of t-bill rate is used for the proxy of interest rate. The data is collected from twenty nine financial institutions covering the time period from 2004 to 2011. Unit root test, co integration and error correction mechanism have been checked before proceeding …

An Evidence Of Profitability In Stocks Through The Test Of Logic, Muhammad Ikhlas Khan, Agha Ali Hassan

Business Review

In this world, people do one of two things with dollar, when they earn it. They either save it or consume it. Involuntarily, some of the money people consume is because they must pay tax or spending the dollar on something like food, clothing, or a car. For consumption at a later time, a person saves the dollar by putting it aside.

Relationship Of Single Stock Futures With The Spot Price: Evidence From Karachi Stock Exchange, Nasir Jamal, Ahmad Fraz

Business Review

The study is conducted to investigate the relationship of single stock futures with the spot price in Karachi Stock Exchange. Monthly data of twelve companies which are trading single stock futures have been examined for the period 1 January, 2005 to 31 December, 2010 with total of 72 observations for each company. Descriptive statistics, Unit Root test, Co-integration test, Granger Causality test, Vector Error Correction Model based on ARDL approach, Impulse Response and Variance Decomposition tests are used. The existence of long run relationship was found between the futures and spot prices of all the companies. The Granger Causality test …

An Empirical Study On Weak Market Efficiency Of Karachi Stock Exchange, Jaihan Zulqarnain, Syed Muhammad Amir Shah

Business Review

A lot of research has been conducted to check whether the Frontier and emerging markets show weak form of efficiency or follow a random walk. Karachi Stock Exchange, being a frontier market, was tested on the basis of daily closing values from 2006 to 2011. The study showed KSE to be a weak form inefficient market following non randomness. Three tests were applied on the data. KSE proved to have a unit root, the values in the series showed a strong correlation. Moreover, a Z-statistic value was far greater than 1.96 which proved KSE to be an inefficient market. Inefficient …

Gender, Behavioral Finance And The Investment Decision, Bimal Jaiswal, Naela Kamil

Business Review

As per classical economic theory, humans are completely rational decision makers who carefully evaluate all facts and evidences before taking decisions that aim at maximizing outcomes. However it has been found that in real life humans are not totally rational, rather they are influenced by various behavioural factors while making decisions. Behavioural Finance has thus emerged as an emerging field that studies the influence of psychology on financial decisions. However, it still remains to be investigated whether the impact of behavioural factors is homogenous on all individuals or whether the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the individuals in any way …

Parallel Session: Home-Based Female Entrepreneurs In Pakistan: An Exploratory Case Study, Faryal Salman, Amber Gul Rashid

International Conference on Marketing

Pakistani female entrepreneurs have received increasing attention in recent years as part of various initiatives. However, home-based female entrepreneurs still seem to be relegated to the background and have not received sufficient attention in academia or industry. In order to ensure that these female entrepreneurs are not only understood but also facilitated (if possible), it is crucial to understand how they function. These entrepreneurs are very often one of the key – yet unfortunately seldom acknowledged - enablers of economic activity. Given Pakistan‟s economic issues, these unsung heroines need to be nurtured. It is hoped that this case-based paper will …

Financial Reforms And Corporate Finance In Emerging Markets: An Analysis Of Dividend Policy Among Public Listed Firms In Pakistan, Mohammed Nishat, Wali Ullah

Business Review

This paper analyzes the dividend behavior of 535 Pakistani listed companies during 1988 to 2005 using the Probit regression model. The findings validate the theoretical prediction for positive and significant impact of last year dividend on the current year dividend decision. More profitable and liquid firms have a higher probability to declare the dividends. Furthermore, firm size, ownership, equity and tax are positively related to the dividend declaration decision. The firms' dividend behavior differs significantly across Industries. The secondary market development has a significant effect on dividend decision and financial liberalization has been associated with shift of firms from debt …

Financial Development And Firms’ Growth In Textile Industry Of Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis, Ijaz Hussain

Business Review

This discussion uses secondary data from “Balance Sheet Analysis (2000- 2009) of Joint Stock Companies Listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange published by Statistics Department of State Bank Of Pakistan” and covers a panel of 75 textile firms of textile industry in Pakistan . Findings of this study indicate that all explanatory variables included in our model have significant influence on firms’ growth. Lagged profitability and efficiency and financial development have statistically significant and positive impact on firms’ growth while financial leverage, size, risk, real cost of debt, energy crisis and abolishment of textile quota have negative impact. Acute energy …

International Financial Reporting Standards: A Cautionary Note For Emerging Economies, Khursheed Omer, Darshan Wadhwa

Business Review

Long before the present economic crisis unfolded, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) had been working to achieve harmonization in accounting and financial reporting standards across the globe. Now that the world economic community has become more integrated, cross border flow of capital has gained unprecedented momentum and steps are underway to achieve this goal as early as possible. Initial efforts to harmonize local accounting principles and practices with those followed in developed economies were generally aimed at facilitating foreign multinationals operating in other countries. The desired goal of harmonization now ought to …

Internal Debt And Private Investment: Evidence From Pakistan, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, Muhammad Zahir Faridi, Shoukat Malik

Business Review

In most of the developing countries financial sectors are characterized by limited availability of loanable funds. Public sector borrowing leads to crowding out of the private sector as well as high interest rates and inflation. In Pakistan, government has relied more on borrowing from the domestic sources as well. The study explores the impacts of internal debt on private investment in Pakistan applying the OLS technique for the period of 1972 to 2009. The study indicates that the stock of internal debt and debt servicing affects the private investment negatively in Pakistan. This implies that internal debt and internal debt …

A Profile Analysis Of The Customers Of Islamic Banking In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Syed Umar Farooq

Business Review

Interviews conducted with the subscribers of Islamic banks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa revealed their key characteristics and patterns. The study sample comprised 100 subscribers of Al-Meezan Bank and Bank of Khyber in N.W.F.P. A comprehensive profile analysis and a series of chi-square tests were conducted to elaborate the main attributes of the customers of Islamic banking system: the majority of Islamic bank customers are well educated; approximately 80 percent are between 25-50 years of age; more than 50 percent of the surveyed customers have maintained their current banking relationship with Islamic banks for more than one year; customers’ awareness and usage …

Foreign Direct Investment And Manufacturing Export In Nigeria, Nasiru Musa Yauri

Business Review

The potential impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on recipient and investing economies is of considerable policy interest (Pain and Wakelin, 1997). Important to the theory of foreign investment in Nigeria is the question whether foreign investors coming to Nigeria are market-seeking or export-driven. This finding is relevant to economic managers in the design and implementation of appropriate macroeconomic policies to attract FDI. It is also relevant to investigate whether FDI contributes to the overall capacity of developing economies to export. This study investigates the contribution of FDI to manufacturing export in Nigeria. Using firm level data collected from 232 …

Global Financial Crisis: Cause, Emerging Trends And Strategy, Badar Alam Iqbal

Business Review

Global financial crisis is the biggest threat to the survival of the world in years to come. It has far reaching consequences for both developed and developing economies of the world. There is only a difference of the degree of impact. This crisis is resulting into recession which is also a most dangerous thing for the global economy. Hence, these days, global attention has now shifting from concern in regard to dimensions of the financial crisis to assessing how deep the real economy recession it has triggered will be and how long the crisis would last. No one can say …

Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment In Services Sector Of Pakistan: An Econometrics Approach, Muhammad Zahid Awan, Khair Uz Zaman, Bakhtiar Khan

Business Review

This study examines the key determinants of FDI inflows in Services sector of Pakistan, using time series data (quarterly) for the period of 1996Q1-2008Q4. To check the stationarity of the data, ADF test has been applied. Co-integration and Error Correction Model (ECM) is used for estimation of the data. This study found that Gross Domestic Fixed Capital formation (GDFCF), Inflation Rate(INF), Current Account Balance(CAB), Exchange Rate (ER), and Per Capita Income (PC) are main factors of FDI inflows in services sector of Pakistan. This study reveals that GDFCF, INF and PC are found statistically significant with positive signs. CAB and …

Comparative Analysis Of Islamic And Conventional Banking Performance, Mirza Ali Huzaifa Sultan, Muhammad Zahid Siddique

Business Review

This paper analyzes the performance of Islamic banks compared to that of conventional banks in Pakistan. This comparison is based on the financial performance, product services and customer perception. We have selected two Islamic banks, namely Meezan Bank limited & Albaraka Bank, and two conventional Banks, Soneri and My Bank. This selection was made because of the similar size of these banks in terms of their deposits. The paper shows that Islamic Banking is falling behind the conventional one both in terms of its business as well as customer perspective. The research is divided into three parts. First part covers …

Book Review Of: Meezan Bank’S Guide To Islamic Banking By Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani, Javed A. Ansari

Business Review

Islamic banking has been seriously effected by the financial crisis of 2007- 2010. The impending collapse of financial institutions in the Gulf, specially in Dubai and the growing threat of sovereign debt repudiation and default by oil exporting countries has had a particularly severe impact on global Islamic finance growth. Forecasts for Islamic finance transactions have been revised downwards several times during 2009 and riskiness and illiquidity of leading Islamic finance institution are perceived as having increased due to the growing instability of the Gulf economies.

Pakistan’S Experience With The International Monetary Fund (Imf) 2000 – 2004, Ishrat Husain

Business Review

Pakistan’s relationship with the International Monetary Fund during the 2000 – 2004 period was quite unique and distinctive. Unlike the earlier eight agreements that were concluded with the IMF during 1988-99 and were never implemented beyond the first tranche release it was only in this period that two successive agreements – a nine month Stand-by Arrangement (SBA) in the year 2000 followed by a three year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) were successfully completed. All the sixteen reviews by IMF staff were completed and eleven successive tranches were drawn on time without any extension or interruption 1 . The …

Financial Market Development And Capital Structure Pattern In Pakistan: An Aggregate Level Analysis, Mohammed Nishat

Business Review

This study empirically identifies the factors that explain the capital structure choice pattern of listed companies during 1964–2000. Three measures of debt (total debt ratio, long term book debt ration, and long term market debt ratio) are explained by a set of independent fundamental variables such as growth of firm, size of firm, tangible asset, profitability, earning variability, market to book ratio, and reforms. The analysis is also done to identify any capital structure pattern prevail across various industries in Pakistan. Most of the results are consistent with theory and similar to other empirical studies. The growth and profitability of …

Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) - Destination India, Muhammad Shakil Khan

Business Review

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is becoming more and more revolutionary and happening phenomenon across the globe. The FDI is giving new hope and height to the economy of the nations across the frontiers of the countries. It is adding extra pace of economic growth and sustainability in terms of capital, human skills, machineries and equipment. FDI is not only enriching the Balance of Payments (BOP) but at the same time helping the nations in establishing the social bonds with other nations. The recent approval made on March7’2008 by the Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India, clearing 18 FDI proposals worth …

Customer Perception Of The Commercial Banks’ Services In Kano Metropolis, Ahmed Audu Maiyaki

Business Review

It is a general belief that business is changing and will continue to change the way we work and live in the twenty- first century. For instance, technology shrinks time and space, customers can be anywhere in the globe and they can transact business at anytime of the day. The business environment in the present time is practically undergoing a major revolution in the way customers buy, shop, and decide to come back or to take their business elsewhere. Companies are increasingly realising that the balance of power is shifting from sellers to buyers. The customers need exactly what they …