Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Operations research (644)
- Mathematical optimization (144)
- Algorithms (106)
- Stochastic processes (73)
- Decision making--Mathematical models (71)
-
- Linear programming (71)
- Integer programming (42)
- Queuing theory (38)
- Research and development projects (35)
- Markov processes (34)
- Dynamic programming (33)
- Production scheduling (30)
- Mathematical models (28)
- Resource allocation (28)
- Nonlinear programming (23)
- Branch and bound algorithms (22)
- Computational complexity (22)
- Flexible manufacturing systems (22)
- Inventory control (22)
- Simulation methods (22)
- Computer simulation (21)
- Industrial management (21)
- Manpower planning (19)
- Programming (Mathematics) (19)
- Queueing theory (17)
- Delphi method (16)
- Dental offices--Management (16)
- Heuristic algorithms (16)
- Inventory control--Mathematical models (16)
- Production management (16)
- Publication Year
Articles 601 - 630 of 645
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Business Games, Programmed Players, And Individual Decision-Making Profiles - Basic Technique, John M. Braasch
Business Games, Programmed Players, And Individual Decision-Making Profiles - Basic Technique, John M. Braasch
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The area of investigation of this study was that of the use of a business decision simulation to determine profiles of decision-making skill and modes of play of students in business administration. The objective of this research was to determine relationships between the educational background and training of business administration students and their proficiency in decision-making, together with their basic modes of decision-making. The research program involved the use of a new computer-programmed general management business decision simulation which simulates an interesting, multi-firm industry which was designed primarily for teaching and research purposes. The technique used in this study revolved …
A Computational Algorithm For A Class Of Dynamic Programming Problems, B. Miller, Daniel Teichroew
A Computational Algorithm For A Class Of Dynamic Programming Problems, B. Miller, Daniel Teichroew
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes an algorithm for finding the optimum value of a decision variable in the standard dynamic programming recurrence equation, when the state is described by one variable and the return function and state transition function are both linear one-to-one functions of the decision variable. The approach has been successfully programmed for a class of dynamic programming problems and has been found to be computationally much faster than searching over a set of possible decision values, even when the Fibonacci search method (the fastest search method available) is used. [Likely published circa 1966.]
Optimal Issuing Policies In Inventory Management -- I, William P. Pierskalla
Optimal Issuing Policies In Inventory Management -- I, William P. Pierskalla
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
We are concerned with generalizations of the inventory depletion model where the inventory deteriorates in time as it remains on the shelf. Earlier authors writing on this subject have placed many restrictive assumptions on the model. The assumption of one demand source withdrawing items from the stockpile is removed and the case of several demand sources is considered. Next, it is assumed that there is a constant penalty cost, p, each time an item is issued. p can be described as an installation or work stoppage cost. Finally, the assumption that the field life, L(S), is a concave or convex …
The Price Of A Better Way: A Cost Study Of Unidos, Joseph S. Churchman
The Price Of A Better Way: A Cost Study Of Unidos, Joseph S. Churchman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study was conducted to determine if the UNIDOS, University Downtown Study, Group C project for computer controlled vehicles in Cleveland is feasible. Cost and revenue studies were conducted to find a range of values for each. Corresponding levels of each were compared to find the economic feasibility of the system. The political implications, and possible ways of dealing effectively with them, were presented. Many people and several companies helped in supplying information; their contributions were described in the history and bibliography of this report. Finally, the summary gave possible courses of action for UNIDOS to follow.
Combinatoric Problems In Multiproduct Inventory Analysis, Richard V. Evans
Combinatoric Problems In Multiproduct Inventory Analysis, Richard V. Evans
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Problems of finding the stationary distribution of inventory level in certain multi product inventory systems are considered. All systems return the inventory level to a single point, S , whenever a restocking occurs. The probability of any inventory level, x , can be expanded in terms of the probability of being at S and the occurrence of a sequence of demands leading from S to x . Combinatoric problems arise naturally in counting demand sequences. Closed form results are given in certain special cases for which the combinatoric results are known. [Likely published circa 1966.]
An Empirical Investigation On Land Values In The Cleveland Area, Regis C. Deroudille
An Empirical Investigation On Land Values In The Cleveland Area, Regis C. Deroudille
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This thesis presents an empirical investigation of the determinants of residential land values in the Cleveland area. It is a part of an overall study on urban systems, which was sponsored by the Cleveland Seven County Land Use and Transportation Study (SCOTS). The aim of this research is to establish a functional relationship between land values and a set of socio-economic variables. We are particularly interested in the effects of distance and travel time from the central business district to residential areas. To the best of our knowledge, only a few empirical studies such as ours have been undertaken in …
Finite-Source Queuing Models, N. K. Jaiswal
Finite-Source Queuing Models, N. K. Jaiswal
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Queuing models in which the units emanate from at least one finite population, to which it returns after getting service are termed finite-source queuing models. The simplest model of this type has application to the machine interference problem. Previous work on this model is reviewed and the solution is discussed in detail by the use of the supplementary variable technique and renewal theory. Some generalizations are discussed and problems for further work are pointed out.
Mathematical Programming With Joint Stochastic Constraints, Pierre J. Doulliez
Mathematical Programming With Joint Stochastic Constraints, Pierre J. Doulliez
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In the present thesis, we want to show that a programming problem with joint stochastic constraints can be treated generally and under relatively simple conditions, as a quasi-concave programming problem. In some cases, the same problem may be equivalent to a concave programming problem after a logarithmic transformation. It has been shown by Charnes and Cooper that a stochastic programming problem where each constraint has to be achieved with a given probability, can be put under the form of a deterministic programming problem which is concave under some assumptions [1]. The "joint chance-constraint" formulation presented here is less restrictive and …
Advisory Group Conference Prepaid Dental Plan Research Study, Burton V. Dean
Advisory Group Conference Prepaid Dental Plan Research Study, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This conference was conducted with the purpose of investigating current studies and research needs in the area of prepaid dentistry. With the increase in growth of this area of dentistry and the accompanying importance of research, it is appropriate to appraise research needs and objectives at this time. Participants from the Public Health Service, American Dental Association, dental plans, and universities discussed prepaid dentistry at this conference. Particular reference in this conference was made to the analysis of needs of dental plan members and the associated utilizations and costs of dental plan services.
A Dynamic Restorative Emergency Procedure For An Electrical Power Network, Benjamin Avi-Itzhak, Burton V. Dean, Maurice W. Sasieni
A Dynamic Restorative Emergency Procedure For An Electrical Power Network, Benjamin Avi-Itzhak, Burton V. Dean, Maurice W. Sasieni
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The study described in this working paper is a first attempt of its kind to develop a computerized mathematical procedure for controlling an electric power system in emergency situations. An emergency situation arises when there is reason to believe that the system is unable to supply all the power demanded by customers. The C.E.I. system is supported by interconnection tie lines that help overcome power deficiency in almost all conceivable situations. Nevertheless, in cases of a breakdown involving more than one major component of the network, the interconnections might not be able to withstand the additional flows into the C.E.I. …
Stochastic Networks In Research Planning, Burton V. Dean
Stochastic Networks In Research Planning, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper explores the development and application of a planning method for research studies, addressing the limitations of conventional project management tools like CPM and PERT in handling the uncertainties inherent in research processes. A research study is modeled as a sequential acquisition of knowledge, represented by a stochastic network of events (knowledge levels) and activities (tasks). The stochastic nature of the network incorporates probabilistic parameters such as success likelihood, estimated costs, and expected time, which are periodically updated by researchers. Decision models are proposed to optimize task sequencing, alternative selection, and funding allocation, with criteria emphasizing cost minimization and …
Report On The Research Project On Competitive Enterprise, Gifford H. Symonds
Report On The Research Project On Competitive Enterprise, Gifford H. Symonds
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The proposal called for an investigation of the questions: Why have different forms of competitive industrial behavior produced the observed results, and under what circumstances can any desired, or required, results be obtained? The problem considered is far more than an economic problem. It was believed that political science would help explain the relations between government and industry, that sociology would provide for understanding of group enterprise, that psychology would give insight into motivation of people and organizations, and that mathematics would provide the structure for analysis, evaluation and description. Therefore, the project was organized as a multidiscipline operations research …
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Iv Solution Methods For Stochastic Programming Problems, Gifford H. Symonds, Pierre J. Doulliez, C. Steinmetz, T.S. Chidambaram
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Iv Solution Methods For Stochastic Programming Problems, Gifford H. Symonds, Pierre J. Doulliez, C. Steinmetz, T.S. Chidambaram
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper seeks to prove the basic theorem of stochastic programming that an optimal solution of the certainty equivalent problem is also an optimal solution of the stochastic programming problem. This basic theorem applies to both non-linear space in X as well as to linear space in X. The remaining sections of this paper are concerned with developing general solution methods for stochastic linear programming problems when all of the variables are contained in the b vector.
A Behavioral Model Of Labor Supply As Related To Wage-Price-Interest Movements, Gifford H. Symonds, S. Sankar Sengupta
A Behavioral Model Of Labor Supply As Related To Wage-Price-Interest Movements, Gifford H. Symonds, S. Sankar Sengupta
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The major purpose of this paper is to develop an aggregate model of interdependence of the labor, money, and product markets. As is well-known, this interdependence is due to the joint and mutual influence of the prices established in these markets. One approach is to restrict the analysis to the interactions among the observable outcomes (prices) of these markets. From a statistical viewpoint, this analysis can be performed, for example, by means of a suitable Markov model. A pure mathematical analysis can be made by applying the dynamical models due to Samuelson, Arrow, and Arrow-Enthoven. The common limitation of this …
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Iii Optimization Procedures, Gifford H. Symonds
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Iii Optimization Procedures, Gifford H. Symonds
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study explores optimization procedures for scheduling production under deterministic demand. An objective function minimizes production rates and inventory costs, modeled as convex, differentiable functions. The derived optimal schedule balances production and inventory levels, ensuring proportional adjustments across periods. The findings offer a mathematical framework for efficient production planning and inventory management.
A Survey Of Statistical Techniques For Experiments In Which Organisms Are Used As Blocks, Daniel Teichroew
A Survey Of Statistical Techniques For Experiments In Which Organisms Are Used As Blocks, Daniel Teichroew
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines advancements in experimental design influenced by computer capabilities, particularly in cases where treatments are assigned to blocks treated as individual organisms. Two key challenges are highlighted: the likelihood of correlated observations within a block and the dynamic nature of designing experiments where the structure, size, and form depend on prior results. The study surveys existing literature addressing the first challenge, focusing on the use of organisms as blocks, while the second challenge—real-time experimental adjustments enabled by computers—is discussed in the concluding section. The findings suggest that while multiple models are available, comparative studies are limited, and further …
A Preliminary Model For The Aircraft Loading Problem, Burton V. Dean
A Preliminary Model For The Aircraft Loading Problem, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
An international airline has the problem of determining the optimal number of first-class and economy class passengers, as well as the optimal fuel and freight loads to be carried. The airline wishes to find the aircraft loading solution that maximizes total profits. Revenue and cost equations are constructed as functions of the passenger, fuel, and freight variables. A total flight profit function is developed. An aircraft loading model is constructed as a maximization of the profit function subject to seating, fuel, weight, and volume constraints. The optimal value of the loading variables may be determined as the solution to a …
New Developments In Industrial R And D Management, Burton V. Dean
New Developments In Industrial R And D Management, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In this talk I have attempted to indicate the impact and growth of R and D in our national economy and in our industrial organizations. The concept of R and D as a managed, productive process responsible for the application of science and technology to achieve economic goals of the firm, has provided an impetus for development of an R and D management science. The essential element of a management science is the use of scientific methods and models. Through the use of mathematical models of R and D management decision problems, it is possible to plan and control R …
A Model For The Design Of Prepaid Dental Plans, David A. Schrady, Burton V. Dean
A Model For The Design Of Prepaid Dental Plans, David A. Schrady, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The purpose of this paper is to present a model to be used in optimizing the design of prepaid dental plans. The model relates the characteristics of the plan and of the eligible members to the amount of unsatisfied need and the cost of operations. Those plan characteristics that can be controlled by the plan designer are the dental services to be offered and the financial and organizational structures. The socio-economic characteristics and previous dental history of the eligible plan members are considered to be beyond the control of the designer. The model parameters for each dental service considered for …
A Model Of Competitive Business Behavior, Gifford H. Symonds, S. Sankar Sengupta
A Model Of Competitive Business Behavior, Gifford H. Symonds, S. Sankar Sengupta
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In this model of competitive business enterprise, all output is measured in physical units and is regarded as homogeneous. The product is produced by several firms (competitors) in their individual plants with uniform and constant technology. All the competitors have equal access to the market information which is complete and common to all; their individual action is based upon market anticipations and individual business behavior.
Estimation Of Functional Parameters In Simple Linear Econometric Error Models (Part 1), Yoshiro Kuratani, T.S. Chidambaram
Estimation Of Functional Parameters In Simple Linear Econometric Error Models (Part 1), Yoshiro Kuratani, T.S. Chidambaram
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The problem posed in this paper is a familiar one; estimation of unknown functional parameters in simple linear error models in which two unobservable variables Y and X are related exactly in a linear form but pairs of observations Y and X are scattered along the true line due to observational errors v and u. It is seen from the existing literature that this problem has been treated either by non-classical methods such as the method of grouping of observation and the method of instrumental variable or by the classical approach, e.g. maximum likelihood method with the assumption that the …
A Note On Comparison Of "Extrinsic" And "Intrinsic" Forecasting Models, Yoshiro Kuratani, T.S. Chidambaram
A Note On Comparison Of "Extrinsic" And "Intrinsic" Forecasting Models, Yoshiro Kuratani, T.S. Chidambaram
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
[Scan is difficult to read.]
Business Information Systems And Accounting, Daniel Teichroew
Business Information Systems And Accounting, Daniel Teichroew
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper discusses the idea that accountants should not define their field too narrowly and consider their role in the future as designers and developers of information systems.
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Ii The Location Of Planning Horizons, Gifford H. Symonds
Stochastic Scheduling - Part Ii The Location Of Planning Horizons, Gifford H. Symonds
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines optimal stochastic scheduling, a framework that integrates deterministic activity vectors for the initial period and stochastic vectors for future periods to optimize expected outcomes across a sequence of time periods. Each stochastic schedule adapts to state conditions revealed incrementally, ensuring that revised schedules reflect updated data distributions. Adhering to the Optimality Principle, which disregards past operations, and the Planning Horizon Principle, which restricts considerations beyond a defined horizon, the approach ensures sequential optimization within and across planning periods. Key periods, such as the planning horizon, are critical due to their influence on the objective functional and operational …
Scoring And Profitability Models For Evaluating And Selecting Engineering Projects, Burton V. Dean, Meir J. Nishry
Scoring And Profitability Models For Evaluating And Selecting Engineering Projects, Burton V. Dean, Meir J. Nishry
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Recent developments in allocation theory may be applied to research management decision problems in the firm. Of major importance to firms employing engineers in new product development activities are problems involving the specification and allocation of resources such as manpower, funds, equipment, and facilities. To solve these problems, quantitative measures of organizational performance must be derived that are consistent with corporate goals and that include the relevant resource variables, noncontrollable variables, parameters, and constraints. Mathematical models are constructed and solved in this paper that yield solutions for allocating manpower resources to projects. A scoring model is constructed and then used …
Contract Research Proposal Preparation Strategies, Burton V. Dean, Robert H. Culhan
Contract Research Proposal Preparation Strategies, Burton V. Dean, Robert H. Culhan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A bidding model is developed and used to examine alternative contract research proposal preparation strategies. Expected profits due to sales from initial and follow-on production orders are related to proposal preparation cost, contract value, and the probability of contract award. Limited engineering resources may be allocated to proposal preparation effort so as to maximize total expected profits. The model is tested and applied in the proposal preparation activity of a company in the aerospace industry.
Regional Development Of Metropolitan Cleveland And The Great Lakes Basin, Ellis Johnson
Regional Development Of Metropolitan Cleveland And The Great Lakes Basin, Ellis Johnson
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The long-range objective of this study is to formulate a planning procedure that would make it possible to develop a combination of short-range and long-range plans to guide the development and growth of Greater Cleveland and the Great Lakes Basin. As part of this study, a number of high-priority initial studies are indicated in Table 1. Appendix I is a draft of an outlined philosophy and procedure for a study of planning for Cleveland. Appendices II and III contain some data and ideas of value to future studies. Appendix IV is a further discussion of the economic problem of Cleveland, …
Stochastic Scheduling - Part I Stochastic Programming For A Single Period, Gifford H. Symonds
Stochastic Scheduling - Part I Stochastic Programming For A Single Period, Gifford H. Symonds
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study addresses stochastic scheduling, focusing on production and order schedules under uncertain demands. The approach involves periodically revising schedules to incorporate updated demand data, optimizing decision values for the current period and expected values for future periods. A novel method is introduced to transform stochastic scheduling problems into certainty equivalent problems, ensuring that solutions to the latter also optimize the original stochastic problem. The methodology emphasizes determining certainty equivalents of stochastic constraints, identifying critical planning horizons, and developing optimization procedures for inter-horizon schedules. Part I formulates and solves one-period programming problems, selecting stochastic solutions that meet probability constraints, thus …
Patient Scheduling In A Chronic Disease Hospital: System Design And Implementation, J.T. Ross Jackson, Eugene E. Tillock, Graham D. Clapp
Patient Scheduling In A Chronic Disease Hospital: System Design And Implementation, J.T. Ross Jackson, Eugene E. Tillock, Graham D. Clapp
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper reports on the nature of patient services and the essential role which scheduling may play in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of such services. Hospitals and nursing home facilities must routinely provide a broad spectrum of services promptly at times they are needed by their patients. Service demands for individual patients should be coordinated with the vocal immediate and longer term needs of the patient, under conditions which allow for suitable balance between the individual patient's needs and the priorities necessary for staff personnel to properly fulfill their broader patient and institutional service responsibilities.
Scoring And Profitability Models For Evaluation Of Engineering Projects Builder Products Division Emerson Electric Company, Burton V. Dean, Meir J. Nishry
Scoring And Profitability Models For Evaluation Of Engineering Projects Builder Products Division Emerson Electric Company, Burton V. Dean, Meir J. Nishry
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Recent developments in allocation theory may be applied to research management decision problems in the firm. Of major importance in technical based firms are problems involving the specification and allocation of such technical resources as manpower, funds, equipment, and facilities. Initial steps in the solution of company technical resource allocation problems involve the specification of corporate objectives and their transformation into research objectives and goals. Quantitative research organizational measures of performance must be derived which are consistent with research goals and which include the relevant resource variables, noncontrollable variables, parameters, and constraints. Mathematical models are constructed and solved in this …