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Articles 331 - 360 of 645
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Computer Simulation Of Scheduling In A Dental Practice Involving Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito, Keki R. Dadachanji
Computer Simulation Of Scheduling In A Dental Practice Involving Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito, Keki R. Dadachanji
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper discusses computer aided comparisons of performance of alternative policies for patients and workers scheduling in a practice involving expanded duty dental auxiliaries. The comparisons are made in terms of net earnings, total number of patients served, worker utilization etc., using computer based simulation. Pre-determined scheduling is proved to be an efficient method under a wide range of conditions. Construction of the predetermined chart is also described, along with two programs written in FORTRAN IV to construct and then test such charts.
A General Model For Measuring And Analyzing The Risk Of Sustaining Clothing Burn Injuries, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Jerome Barancik, Arnold Reisman
A General Model For Measuring And Analyzing The Risk Of Sustaining Clothing Burn Injuries, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Jerome Barancik, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
During the past twenty-five years, the etiology and treatment of burn injuries have been widely studied in the United States. A number of these studies have suggested that the type of clothing worn by an individual plays a vital part in determining the extent and severity of a significant percentage of burn injuries. These studies have not adequately defined the criteria necessary to promulgate standards for protection against burn injuries. We believe that an accurate and reliable estimate of relative risk will provide an essential criterion for specifying the level of hazard associated with clothing system pyrolysis. Since clothing is …
Economic And Management Considerations In The Practice Of Team Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Shailesh J. Mehta, Keki R. Dadachanji, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Susumu Morito
Economic And Management Considerations In The Practice Of Team Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Shailesh J. Mehta, Keki R. Dadachanji, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper explores the evolving landscape of dentistry, emphasizing the need for management skills and the application of Operations Research (OR) to enhance operational efficiency. With the advent of Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries (EDDAs), the complexity of dental practice management has increased, necessitating refined scheduling methods and effective workforce allocation. The collaboration between the School of Dentistry and the Department of Operations Research at Case Western Reserve University highlights the importance of OR in addressing scheduling and cost analysis challenges. The paper also discusses the introduction of forecasting techniques and management games to improve dental education, allowing future practitioners to …
A Multinational Plant Capacity Expansion Planning Model, Emmanuel Constantine Kondylis
A Multinational Plant Capacity Expansion Planning Model, Emmanuel Constantine Kondylis
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The objective of this research is to develop a systematic procedure for evaluating alternative capacity expansion decisions in a multinational environment when considering explicitly both tangible and intangible factors. A mathematical programming decision model is developed to select those countries and production levels that maximize expected utility, considering all possible alternatives. Consideration of intangible factors in the form of an environmental value is investigated. A regression model predicts the environmental value of a country from a set of fundamental causal factors derived through factor analysis. The environmental value is incorporated into a return on investment index which forms the expected …
A Social System Measurement Model, Allan L. Service
A Social System Measurement Model, Allan L. Service
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study examines the challenges and complexities of applying operations research (O.R.) techniques to decision-making in social, political, and human service organizations. Unlike military and industrial systems, these organizations are marked by non-hierarchical structures, qualitative constraints, and the absence of straightforward optimization objectives. The research focuses on developing criterion functions to evaluate the impact of proposed decisions, a critical need for successful O.R. applications. Using the Jewish Community Federation of Cleveland as a case study, a measurement model is developed to quantify throughput, quality, and value within the context of human services systems. The model integrates input, process, and output …
Pops A Program Oriented Planning System For Academic Health Centers, Kenneth Lee Kutina
Pops A Program Oriented Planning System For Academic Health Centers, Kenneth Lee Kutina
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In recent years, because of the enormous financial pressure under which most universities have found themselves coupled with almost climactic national pressure from the public and politicians alike to increase the supply of physicians, much attention has been focused on the costs and managerial capabilities of the nation's academic health centers. In the cost arena the concern has been the determination of meaningful program costs -- that is, separation to the extent possible of costs associated with the major output programs of research, patient service, and education and within the education area, the separation of the costs of producing M.D.'s …
Anesthesiology Manpower Planning Study Phase Iii - Final Report, Arnold Reisman, F. J. Staub, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Cornelis A. De Kluyver, M. Lin, Thomas George, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, J. S. Gravenstein
Anesthesiology Manpower Planning Study Phase Iii - Final Report, Arnold Reisman, F. J. Staub, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Cornelis A. De Kluyver, M. Lin, Thomas George, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, J. S. Gravenstein
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This document outlines the progress and proposed work in a project focused on anesthesia services in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. It includes projections of the demand for anesthesia services and the supply of anesthesiologists up to 1980, using various models such as demand extrapolation, regression models, and expert opinions. The chapter details the classification of anesthesia-related tasks and personnel, the development of a patient condition scale for surgical risk assessment, and the design of optimal anesthesia teams. It also discusses the economic analysis of team configurations, computer simulations of operating room practices, and the use of telemedicine for remote anesthesiologist consultations.
A Preliminary Total Cost Model For Primary Journals, Burton V. Dean
A Preliminary Total Cost Model For Primary Journals, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study is concerned with indentifying the principal cost components associated with the production, documentation, and utilization of U.S. Scientific journals. The approach developed in this study is based upon a systems description of the scientific journal as a flow of information from the initial generation of useful knowledge to the preparation of reports and papers, submission to and processing by journals, including production and distribution, and ultimate use by libraries and individuals. Costs of each system component are identified to the extent available in the published literature and within the time and effort available for this study. The study …
Analysis Of Feedback Models Of Higher Education Degree Production, Alfred R. Michenzi
Analysis Of Feedback Models Of Higher Education Degree Production, Alfred R. Michenzi
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is concerned with the development of optimal solutions to manpower planning problems. The dynamic flow model of the higher educational system as proposed by Reisman and Taft was modified for more tractable computer simulation. The model considered, treats people as the only flow variable. The model follows the flow of people from one educational level to the next and within one level it follows the flow from one sector to the next, (the three sectors considered are students, professionals and faculty sectors). Real population data for the period 1957 through 1968 was used in the simulation. The results …
Simulation Of Obstetrical Anesthesia Team Configurations Managerial Report, Arnold Reisman, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, J. S. Gravenstein
Simulation Of Obstetrical Anesthesia Team Configurations Managerial Report, Arnold Reisman, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, J. S. Gravenstein
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A research group, comprised of faculty and graduate students from the School of Medicine and from the Department of Operations Research of Case Western Reserve University, investigated ways to alleviate the shortage of anesthesiologists in obstetric practices. The nationwide problem is acknowledged by, and the project was sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Division of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The three project stages were: survey and detailed analysis of the existing situation in one region of the United States, the construction and validation of a computer simulation model to study alternative practice modes with speed, …
Survey Of Obstetrical Anesthesiology Practices And Attitudes In Hospitals In Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Arnold Reisman, John J. Rasmussen, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, Chien-Hua Lin, J. S. Gravenstein
Survey Of Obstetrical Anesthesiology Practices And Attitudes In Hospitals In Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Arnold Reisman, John J. Rasmussen, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, Chien-Hua Lin, J. S. Gravenstein
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report presents findings from surveys conducted by the Obstetrical Anesthesia Manpower Planning study, Case Western Reserve University, and the Cleveland Committee on Anesthesiology. The study focused on obstetric anesthesia practices in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, exploring current practices, administrative perceptions of anesthesiologists' assistants, and attitudes of anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and nurse anesthetists regarding their roles in obstetrics. Questionnaires were sent to hospital administrators and anesthesiology department directors at 20 hospitals, gathering insights into professional employability and involvement. Due to a small sample size, nurse anesthetist data was excluded. Responses are analyzed by audience group across four chapters, with a final chapter …
Simulation Of Obstetrical Anesthesia Team Configurations, Arnold Reisman, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, J. S. Gravenstein
Simulation Of Obstetrical Anesthesia Team Configurations, Arnold Reisman, W. Cull, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, J. S. Gravenstein
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A research group, comprised of faculty and graduate students from the School of Medicine and from the Department of Operations Research of Case Western Reserve University, investigated ways to alleviate the shortage of anesthesiologists in obstetric practices. The nationwide problem is acknowledged by, and the project was sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Division of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The three project stages were: survey and detailed analysis of the existing situation in one region of the United States, the construction and validation of a computer simulation model to study alternative practice modes with speed, …
University Parking Demand Study, Michael Baum, Don Begley, Joel Brandon, Burton V. Dean, Clara Gulyas, Keith Kundo, Harsh Manglik, S. Subba Rao, Phyllus Selders, Ram Shankaran, Laura Washington
University Parking Demand Study, Michael Baum, Don Begley, Joel Brandon, Burton V. Dean, Clara Gulyas, Keith Kundo, Harsh Manglik, S. Subba Rao, Phyllus Selders, Ram Shankaran, Laura Washington
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report analyzes parking permit and visitor parking demand to assess their impact on future parking facility plans at the University. Using statistical methods to identify trends and the DELPHI Method to estimate future demand, the study also incorporates questionnaire data to determine visitor destinations and compares Case Western Reserve University's parking availability and fees to peer institutions. Recommendations are provided regarding the need for new parking facilities and potential improvements to parking services for the University community
Optimal Design Of Acoustic Sonar Transducer Arrays, Leon S. Lasdon, Allan D. Waren, Dan Suchman
Optimal Design Of Acoustic Sonar Transducer Arrays, Leon S. Lasdon, Allan D. Waren, Dan Suchman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A problem in engineering design is formulated and solved as a nonlinear optimization problem. The problem is to design an array of sonar acoustic transducers. Design parameters are the locations of the transducers, and their amplitude shading coefficients and phase delays. The objective is to choose values for these parameters so that the directivity pattern of the array has a narrow main lobe and minimal minor lobe levels. The problem is solved by an interior penalty function method. Results are presented which show significant improvement of the directivity pattern for 2 test problems. A final section discusses the effects varying …
Cost Effectiveness Study Of Two Experimental Programs At A Major Public Hospital, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, C. Egyhazy
Cost Effectiveness Study Of Two Experimental Programs At A Major Public Hospital, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, C. Egyhazy
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report presents a Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation Study performed at a Major Public Hospital in the Cleveland Area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two experimental programs instituted in 1973. The cost-effectiveness evaluation model is developed and applied to the two experimental programs - Clinic '68' and Admission. Prior to the development of the model a complete systems description was prepared. The model contains cost and effectiveness factors, which are evaluated individually and combined, according to their relative importance, into a single cost-effectiveness value. This methodology has the characteristic of being transferable to other health care program evaluations. Methods …
Predicting Registered Nurse Labor Turnover, Marylou Kiley, S. Subba Rao
Predicting Registered Nurse Labor Turnover, Marylou Kiley, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
As a result of the study of the length of service of 360 resigned and 360 currently employed registered nurses in a single general hospital in Cleveland, a Markov chain model is developed which predicts on the average the proportion of employees who leave and the proportion of employees who stay over any number of monthly time periods. While the Markov chain is a discrete time Markov process, the model has a time dependent feature. The transition probability matrix can be updated and accuracy will improve. This approach can be easily operationalized given the historical data regarding the total number …
Nonlinear Optimization Using The Generalized Reduced Gradient Method, Leon S. Lasdon, Richard L. Fox, Margery W. Ratner
Nonlinear Optimization Using The Generalized Reduced Gradient Method, Leon S. Lasdon, Richard L. Fox, Margery W. Ratner
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Generalized Reduced Gradient methods are algorithms for solving nonlinear programs of general structure. This paper discusses the basic principles of GRG, and constructs a specific GRG algorithm. The logic of a computer program implementing this algorithm is presented by means of flow charts and discussion. A numerical example is given to illustrate the functioning of this program.
Market Survey For The Cleveland Zoological Park, Burton V. Dean, Hamilton Emmons, Keki R. Dadachanji
Market Survey For The Cleveland Zoological Park, Burton V. Dean, Hamilton Emmons, Keki R. Dadachanji
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
As Phase I of a market research study of the Cleveland Zoological Park, the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the zoo visitor, actual and potential, have been investigated during the summer of 1973 through a series of on-site and telephone interviews. Further, the visitors opinions were solicited on various zoo-related subjects. Phase II, planned for 1974, will follow up with a series of controlled experiments and innovations seeking ways to increase both attendance and revenue. The results of Phase I are reported in this paper. The following visitor information has been collected and analyzed: geographic distribution, identity of decision-maker, frequency …
Some Results For A Special Non-Stationary Markov Chain, S. Subba Rao
Some Results For A Special Non-Stationary Markov Chain, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In this report we consider a nonstationary Markov chain whose transition probabilities vary periodically in time. Such a Markov chain is in between a stationary and completely nonstationary chains. Such chains can be used to model stochastic situations where seasonalities or other such periodic phenomena are present. The structure of the process is examined in terms of the transition probability matrices for each period.
A Method For Screening Student Applications For Award Of Financial Aid, S. Subba Rao, N. Mohan
A Method For Screening Student Applications For Award Of Financial Aid, S. Subba Rao, N. Mohan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The objectives of the present study are the following: 1) To study the profile of a student who declined the offer of admission (with or without financial aid). 2) To study the profile of a student who accepted the offer of admission (with or without aid) and joined the Department of Operations Research. 3) To discriminate between the above two types of students in (2) and (3). 4) To suggest how information in (3) can be used to make financial aid awards.
Bimatrix Markovian Decision Processes And Stochastic Ratio Games, Vijaykumar V. Aggarwal
Bimatrix Markovian Decision Processes And Stochastic Ratio Games, Vijaykumar V. Aggarwal
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Markov decision processes and stochastic games have been considered in this dissertation. An infinite planning horizon is assumed. Both discounted and undiscounted cash flows have been treated. In Markov decision process, a two-dimensional reward structure is considered and the objective criterion is to maximize the rate of return. It has been shown that a pure stationary optimal policy exists, whenever the rewards are finite and, in particular, the investment part of cash flow is positive. In the case of discounted cash flows, the optimal policy depends on the initial state the process is in. Finite algorithms have been proposed to …
A Decision Model Of The Countdown Process, Burton V. Dean
A Decision Model Of The Countdown Process, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines two key decision problems in the countdown process: determining which tests and operations should be performed, and establishing their optimal sequence and duration. The authors posit that while potential actions can be enumerated at the start of the countdown, the actual sequence will depend on the system's state during the process. The paper aims to develop a methodology for solving these decision problems, viewing them as an adaptive process. Various modeling approaches are discussed, including game-theoretic models using "trees" to illustrate different countdown strategies, and search theory to find optimal action sequences. The authors also mention considering …
A Counter Example In Location Theory, R. Chandrasekaran
A Counter Example In Location Theory, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This note settles an open question posed in [1] concerning certain location problems. An example is provided to show that some intuitive ideas are not true.
A National Planning Model For Higher Education, Vaughn E. Huckfeldt
A National Planning Model For Higher Education, Vaughn E. Huckfeldt
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report presents the results of an initial research effort in the development of a national planning model for higher education. The design of the prototype model discussed in this report is based on existing or derivable (derived from basic data) institutional and student data and is designed to permit prototype planning studies to examine the impact of alternative federal programs on the accessibility of students to higher education, and to a lesser extent on the institutional viability (the ability to survive with a given level of funding). The model has assisted in identifying high payoff areas for future research …
Some Results For Hyper-Exponential And Hyper-Poisson Queues, Shailesh J. Mehta, S. Subba Rao
Some Results For Hyper-Exponential And Hyper-Poisson Queues, Shailesh J. Mehta, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines steady-state queuing systems, focusing on hyper-exponential and hyper-Poisson queues. Explicit queue length probabilities, waiting time distributions, and related metrics are derived using an imbedded Markov chain technique for M|HE₂|1, HE₂|M|1, and M|HEₙ|1 systems. The analysis addresses stochastic service rates with multi-point distributions, providing solutions for busy period distributions in specific queuing models. A cubic equation for the Laplace transform of the busy period distribution is also presented, offering a detailed approach to understanding queue dynamics and performance metrics.
Computational Experience With An Enumerative Algorithm For The Set Covering Problem With Base Constraints, Harvey M. Salkin, Chien-Hua Lin
Computational Experience With An Enumerative Algorithm For The Set Covering Problem With Base Constraints, Harvey M. Salkin, Chien-Hua Lin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
An algorithm for the classical set-covering problem with additional "base" constraints is presented. The "base" constrained set covering problem is: Minimize cx, subject to Ex ≥ e, xj = 0 or 1 (j = 1,...,n), and Bx ≤ d. Here E is an m by n matrix of zeros and ones, e is an m column of ones, c and d are nonnegative vectors, and B is a nonnegative array having row diagonal structure. The algorithm is basically a zero-one single branch enumeration with linear programming and other feasibility criteria. A "heuristic" is used which sometimes finds an initial solution …
Row Generalized Linear Programs, R. Chandrasekaran
Row Generalized Linear Programs, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A concept of row generalized linear programs is introduced. Illustrations of potential application for this concept are provided, along with methods for solving the row generalized linear program. The duality between row and column generalized linear programs is discussed.
The Complementarity Problem Of Mathematical Programming, Arie Tamir
The Complementarity Problem Of Mathematical Programming, Arie Tamir
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
We consider the nonlinear complementarity problem: Find x in R^n such that: x ≥ 0 , f(x) ≥ 0 (1) x^T(f(x))=0 (2) where f is a given mapping satisfying f(0) = 0 and q is a vector in R^n. We say that the problem is feasible if (1) has a solution. f is said to be a Q-function if (1)-(2) has a solution for each q in R^n, and it is a P-function if the solution is unique for each q. Classes of functions are defined using properties of the complementarity problem (1)-(2), and sufficient conditions which guarantee that a …
Gochurch : A Simulation Model For Forecasting Church Growth, John J. Rasmussen
Gochurch : A Simulation Model For Forecasting Church Growth, John J. Rasmussen
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines the rapid growth of evangelical churches in America and introduces a simulation-based forecasting model, GOCHURCH, to aid in planning for future attendance. The model addresses the challenges faced by churches striving to meet aggressive growth targets while managing facility and program capacity. GOCHURCH predicts attendance numbers and provides structured descriptions of individuals influencing the growth process, using a Markovian framework to categorize the population into five states. A supporting questionnaire gathers data relevant to forecasting, and an initial simulation output demonstrates the model’s applicability to capacity planning. By analyzing membership trends and offering predictive insights, GOCHURCH helps …
Optimal Flows In Networks With Positive Gains, Klaus Truemper
Optimal Flows In Networks With Positive Gains, Klaus Truemper
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Simple, yet powerful non-simplex algorithms are developed for max flow and min-cost flow problems in networks with positive gains. It is shown that these algorithms are computationally better than existing non-simplex algorithms. A strong relationship between the min-cost flow problem in pure networks and the max flow problem in networks with positive gains is used to demonstrate how algorithms for one problem can be transformed into ones for the other problem.