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Articles 181 - 210 of 645
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
User's Manual For Free Program To Find The Largest Im-Free Subset, Koichi Nishimura, Harvey M. Salkin, Kamlesh Mathur
User's Manual For Free Program To Find The Largest Im-Free Subset, Koichi Nishimura, Harvey M. Salkin, Kamlesh Mathur
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report outlines an interactive computer program to find the largest intermodulation-free subset from a given set of frequency values for a given lowest permissible order of intermodulation. This report includes user operating instructions, the description of the program, program listings and sample input and output.
Production - Inventory With Equipment Replacement - Pier, M. Venkatesan
Production - Inventory With Equipment Replacement - Pier, M. Venkatesan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The equipment replacement problem and the inventory problem are two popular problems in the Operations Research literature. The combination of these two problems in one model was recently investigated by the author in [16] where sufficient conditions were provided for optimal monotonic policies with a relatively simple structure. This paper is based on, and also an extension of, that work. The sufficient conditions presented here are weaker and are more general. The resultant policy structure can be exploited to make the dynamic programming recursion computationally more efficient.
Computational Study Of A Network Algorithm Which Can Start With A Non-Zero Flow, Gitta Javaheri-Khoei
Computational Study Of A Network Algorithm Which Can Start With A Non-Zero Flow, Gitta Javaheri-Khoei
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This thesis proposes an approach for improving the efficiency of the Out-of-Kilter algorithm for solving minimum-cost circulation problems which arise in network flow theory. Two alternative schemes are presented for solving the problem by starting with infeasible initial flows. Various heuristics for choosing the initial flows are considered, and their impact on the computational performance of the proposed alternatives is investigated. Based on computational experimentation with random minimum-cost circulation problems, there is reason to suspect that for certain types of circulation problems, significant computational savings can be achieved by judiciously choosing initial flows. The method also performed well when tested …
Computer Storage And Modification Of Interpretive Structural Models, M. Venkatesan
Computer Storage And Modification Of Interpretive Structural Models, M. Venkatesan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The use of a computer on an interactive mode in the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) process restricts the number of elements that can be handled. This paper describes a technique for storing only the required information (the one and zero values supplied by the developer(s)) and an algorithm for constructing the binary matrix model when needed. An additional advantage is easy modification of the structural model during and/or after the ISM process, in order to arrive at an acceptable model. Three types of modifications, adding elements, deleting elements, and changing the user supplied one or zero values, are possible.
An Efficient Algorithm For The General Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (Gmkp)-- Computational Results, Kamlesh Mathur, Harvey M. Salkin, Susumu Morito
An Efficient Algorithm For The General Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (Gmkp)-- Computational Results, Kamlesh Mathur, Harvey M. Salkin, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In [2] a branch-and search algorithm for the General Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem [GMKP] was developed. This paper presents extensive computational results with this algorithm. The study illustrates that the implicit enumeration criteria developed in [2] are exceptionally strong, and the algorithm is most efficient when applied to the GMKP and also when compared to existing codes for 0-1 multiple-Choice Knapsack problem.
An Efficient Algorithm For The General Multiple-Choice Knapsak Problem (Gmkp)-- Algorithm Development, Kamlesh Mathur, Susumu Morito
An Efficient Algorithm For The General Multiple-Choice Knapsak Problem (Gmkp)-- Algorithm Development, Kamlesh Mathur, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A common problem frequently faced by business firms and individual investors is to select a few investment opportunities from many available possibilities. This problem, in its simplest form, can be modeled as a 0-1 knapsack problem. In a more general investment scenario, however, we obtain a model which is a general knapsack problem with a multiple-choice constraint. To solve this problem, an efficient enumerative algorithm is developed. The algorithm includes an efficient procedure to solve the LP-relaxed problem, a reduction algorithm which may allow the initial fixing of some of the variables, and various other implicit enumeration criteria derived from …
Design Of Corporate Health Benefit Plans: A Decision Theoretic Approach, Durjoy Kumar Chaudhuri
Design Of Corporate Health Benefit Plans: A Decision Theoretic Approach, Durjoy Kumar Chaudhuri
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Rising expenditures on health care in the United States have been a concern for the last few decades. Despite numerous regulatory efforts and concerns expressed by labor unions, employees, and other consumers, health care costs have continued to rise at a rate higher than overall economic inflation. In this thesis, attention is primarily focused on the optimal design of employee group health insurance plans and programs, where annual premiums constitute approximately 25% of a $200 billion industry. It is well established that consumer cost-sharing (deductibles, coinsurance, etc.) plays a dominant role in the utilization of medical care services. Using that …
Materials Management Systems: A Means Toward Significant Hospital Cost Containment, Arnold Reisman
Materials Management Systems: A Means Toward Significant Hospital Cost Containment, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In response to growing pressures for hospital cost containment, effective materials management offers a significant opportunity to reduce expenses without compromising patient care quality or accessibility. Hospital administrators face the dual challenge of meeting health providers' materials needs, including consumables, reusables, and disposables, while also adhering to cost containment measures. Providers, such as physicians and nurses, are often intolerant of shortages but less sensitive to costs, complicating inventory management. Many hospitals lack adequate systems to track inventory value, with informal, unrecorded stockpiles frequently exceeding formal inventories. Instances of excessive stock, such as years’ worth of supplies like sutures and syringes, …
Design Of Alternative Provider Team Configurations: Experience In Both Developed And Developing Countries, Lilia I. Duran, Arnold Reisman
Design Of Alternative Provider Team Configurations: Experience In Both Developed And Developing Countries, Lilia I. Duran, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Job Evaluation, a time-honored industrial engineering technique developed for manual labor rate-setting was used to design new personnel resource teams for providing anesthesiology services in well-known U.S. hospitals on the one hand, and for delivering primary care in regions of Latin America on the other. This paper discusses the use of this technique in designing job descriptions for new allied professionals, and for designing the curricula necessary to train same. Experience to date in integrating the products of these curricula into health provider teams in U.S. tertiary care institutions and in primary care within several countries of Latin America indicates …
Development Of Evaluation Strategies For The Communication Frequency Network, Masaaki Ohnishi
Development Of Evaluation Strategies For The Communication Frequency Network, Masaaki Ohnishi
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes an interactive computer software system designed to evaluate frequency assignments for specific communication networks. The system checks each circuit and ship against the lowest permissible order of intermodulation and the minimum separation required for receiver/transmitter or transmitter/transmitter pairs on a ship. If any violations occur, the software identifies the type and location of the violation. Using this information, users can interactively adjust one or more frequencies until an acceptable set of frequencies is achieved.
Hospital Cost Containment In Ohio: Regulation Of Blue Cross, Arnold Reisman, Steven L. Petty
Hospital Cost Containment In Ohio: Regulation Of Blue Cross, Arnold Reisman, Steven L. Petty
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Blue Cross Plans in Ohio are required to promote "sound management practices in member health care facilities." This paper summarizes areas of potential savings that can be expected through the application of industrial engineering/operations research/management science techniques in the hospital industry. [Published circa 1981].
A Scheduling Problem In Retired Payroll Processing At The Navy Finance Center, Michele Diane Foster
A Scheduling Problem In Retired Payroll Processing At The Navy Finance Center, Michele Diane Foster
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study presents a better scheduling policy for processing payroll adjustments to meet specified due dates at the Navy Finance Center in the Retired Pay Department. A better schedule is found by examining alternative scheduling algorithms and simulating the workflow under different operating rules. The objective is to minimize the maximum lateness of cases. Due dates, mean processing times, and interarrival times are known and specified. Cases are independent, priority-weighted, and arrive intermittently. It is assumed that cases are not interrupted while in process and that each clerk can process only one case at a time. Presently, a clerk works …
A Dynamic Resource Allocation Methodology For Large Technology-Based Organizations, Virendra Sharad Sherlekar
A Dynamic Resource Allocation Methodology For Large Technology-Based Organizations, Virendra Sharad Sherlekar
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This thesis presents a generalized framework for research and development (R&D) management, the Dynamic Resource Allocation Methodology (DRAM) for use in large technology based organizations. The research effort provides an assessment of major issues in R&D allocation and the Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB), and a test of applicability of DRAM to solar energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) programs. DRAM utilizes: (1) Strategic Program Activity Networks (SPAN) to identify interdependencies, multi-period costs of development, and alternative funding levels analysis required by ZBB; (2) Goal Programming (GP) and Dynamic Programming (DP) approaches to determine funding levels for subsystems, and to select technical …
The Technique Of Factor Analysis, M. Venkatesan
The Technique Of Factor Analysis, M. Venkatesan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is a review of a statistical technique known as "Factor Analysis". The concepts involved in factor analysis, the model, the methods and the uses of factor analysis are summarized.
Computer Simulation Of A Multiple Server Queue With Scheduled And Nonscheduled Arrivals, Bruce L. Austin
Computer Simulation Of A Multiple Server Queue With Scheduled And Nonscheduled Arrivals, Bruce L. Austin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Whenever customers must queue for a service, waiting time and server utilization problems can result . In a labor intensive industry, the healthcare industry, these problems and their solution are important for they can effect a patient's welfare. A computer simulation model of an actual outpatient clinic function was developed to assist hospital management in developing selection parameters which are used to prioritize scheduled customers (based on their arrival time) and their service so as to reduce the waiting time of on-time customers. The model is an event-oriented simulator with scheduled and unscheduled arrivals. Scheduled arrivals are classified early, an-time, …
Msvs: An Extended Computer Model For Transport Mode Selection And Vehicle Scheduling, Ronald H. Ballou, Mohammed Chowdhury
Msvs: An Extended Computer Model For Transport Mode Selection And Vehicle Scheduling, Ronald H. Ballou, Mohammed Chowdhury
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes a heuristic computer model used to assist business firms and organizations in improving the utilization of their privately-owned truck fleets. The model deals with the problem of selecting between private and for-hire vehicle types as well as scheduling the routing for the privately-owned vehicles. The unique feature of the model is its extended scope to deal with (1) deliveries and pickups on the same route, (2) selection between two modes, and (3) layovers en route. Two applications are described where these additional features have helped to identify potential savings on the order of 15 percent of total …
A User's Guide For An Interactive Computer Software System To Evaluate A Given Frequency Assignment, Kamlesh Mathur, Harvey M. Salkin
A User's Guide For An Interactive Computer Software System To Evaluate A Given Frequency Assignment, Kamlesh Mathur, Harvey M. Salkin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This manual outlines an interactive computer software system to evaluate a given frequency assignment for a particular communication network. The system checks each circuit and ship against the lowest permissible order of intermodulation and the minimum separation required for a receiver/transmitter or transmitter/transmitter pair on a ship. If there are any violations, the software shows the type and location of the violation. Using this information, the user can interactively change one or more of the frequencies until an acceptable set of frequencies is found. The manual includes the description of the program, program listings, and sample input and output.
Alternate Conditions For The Pier Problem, M. Venkatesan
Alternate Conditions For The Pier Problem, M. Venkatesan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A two-dimensional Markov Decision Process model is used to combine the Production-Inventory problem and the Equipment Replacement problem (PIER). A new set of sufficient conditions is provided for optimality of a simply structured monotone policy that achieves the minimum expected discounted cost for any finite horizon problem.
Selection Of Secondary Keys And Indices For A Database, Antonio Kovacevic
Selection Of Secondary Keys And Indices For A Database, Antonio Kovacevic
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This dissertation presents the problem of selecting secondary keys and indices as a zero-one nonlinear programming model. The ASSIST model, originally proposed by Hoffer [30], has been taken as a starting point and base. Specifically, two contributions are made. First, as a front-end enhancement, the model has been compacted to treat only two types of queries which actually cover the whole spectrum of possibilities, that is, known and ad hoc queries in disjunctive normal form. Second, as a back-end enhancement, a heuristic algorithm is developed to produce a close-to optimal solution. Several indexing selection problems were also solved by using …
Estimating And Auditing Aggregate Inventory Levels At Multiple Stocking Points, Ronald H. Ballou
Estimating And Auditing Aggregate Inventory Levels At Multiple Stocking Points, Ronald H. Ballou
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Relatively little attention has been given to methods for estimating and auditing distribution network inventories in the aggregate. This article shows a polynomial equation of the form I_T = Σ(w+mD_i+aD_i^b) which has theoretical verification is a good, basic tool for estimating overall inventory levels as well as providing insight into the effectiveness of inventory control policies at different stocking points. It also serves as a method for auditing and controlling current inventory policies on an on-going basis. Testing the model in a number of cases where "pull" distribution strategies were in effect revealed that good inventory policy could be represented …
Multi-Echelon Inventory System In Health-Care Delivery Organizations, Shahriar Javad
Multi-Echelon Inventory System In Health-Care Delivery Organizations, Shahriar Javad
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
It is the aim of this work to develop optimal decision rules for consumable supplies' inventory control policies for multi-facility, multi-department Health-Care Delivery Organizations. Analytical techniques of operations research have been widely used in industrial inventory control. Health-care inventory control can benefit from this knowledge. The analogies, however, are not perfect and their limits must be recognized. The theory must be enriched by considerations specific to the health-care industry. Therefore, the optimum policies must respond to: (1) The realities of a multi-echelon inventory system; (2) The urgency requirements of a health-care delivery system. The relevant literature corresponding to the aforementioned …
Reformulating A Logistics Strategy, Ronald H. Ballou
Reformulating A Logistics Strategy, Ronald H. Ballou
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This article identifies three critical problem areas for strategic logistical planning: inventory policy, facility location, and transport selection/routing. These areas are highlighted due to their significant cost implications and economic interdependence. Despite the importance of analyzing the entire logistics system, practical constraints often lead to partial analyses, necessitating the use of sensitivity analysis to assess unexamined impacts. The paper underscores the importance of revisiting logistics strategies, especially in the context of rising interest rates and transportation costs, which have rendered many distribution patterns suboptimal. By integrating guideline principles or conducting definitive analyses, firms can address the substantial cost shifts triggered …
Safety First Selection Techniques For Option Spread Positions, Harvey M. Salkin, Peter H. Ritchken
Safety First Selection Techniques For Option Spread Positions, Harvey M. Salkin, Peter H. Ritchken
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Two models for evaluating option spread positions are described. The general procedure is to search through numerous candidate spreads and to screen out those which fail a desired risk reward relationship. The strength of the screening procedure is largely dependent on the nature of the speculator's utility function, with the procedure becoming more effective as the utility function becomes more explicit. In the illustrations, we characterize the risk reward relationship by two parameters, the first relating to the control of risk and the second to the potential reward. By exploiting the special structure that exists between the underlying security and …
A User's Guide For A Fortran Subprogram Containing A Dual Backtrack Algorithm For Finding The Lowest Order Of Intermodulation, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin
A User's Guide For A Fortran Subprogram Containing A Dual Backtrack Algorithm For Finding The Lowest Order Of Intermodulation, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This manual outlines a search enumeration (or backtrack) algorithm contained in the radio frequency intermodulation (RFI) backtrack code, SEARCH, and presents user operating instructions and sample computer printouts. Program RFIBCK, written as a FORTRAN subprogram, can be used to find the lowest order of an intermodulation product for a fixed set of frequencies, given such parameters as the guard band, the maximum number of concurrent threats, and the lowest permissible order of intermodulation. A listing of the program, and several randomly generated sample problems, together with their optimal solutions, are also included.
Computational Experience With A Dual Backtrack Algorithm For Identifying Frequencies Likely To Create Intermodulation Problems, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin, Kamlesh Mathur
Computational Experience With A Dual Backtrack Algorithm For Identifying Frequencies Likely To Create Intermodulation Problems, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin, Kamlesh Mathur
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes the results of a computational study using a particular enumeration procedure, called a backtrack algorithm, to find the lowest order of radio frequency intermodulation. The average lowest order and its standard deviation, the average computer time and its standard deviation, along with other relevant statistics are obtained for a series of randomly generated problems with sets of 5 to 75 threat or source frequencies. Other parameters, such as the guard band, the maximum number of concurrent threats, and the size of the frequency band on the lowest order of intermodulation are varied during the computations. Statistics for …
Statistical Analysis Of The Solar Energy Delphi Workshop, Burton V. Dean, Mahesh Chandra Pati
Statistical Analysis Of The Solar Energy Delphi Workshop, Burton V. Dean, Mahesh Chandra Pati
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study evaluates the effectiveness of eleven solar energy programs for industrial and utility applications using a Delphi Panel Workshop. Four factors—financial return, financial risk, administrative requirements, and regulatory requirements—were used to assess programs across three Delphi rounds. Rounds I and II involved evaluating factor weights and program-project values, while Round III ranked the programs. A scoring method was employed, and data were collected, verified, and corrected to address calculation errors. Results include consensus values for industrial and utility projects, with true means and standard deviations provided. The study analyzes the reliability and validity of the Delphi results.
An Evaluation Of The Initial Year Of Zero-Base Budgeting In The Federal Government, Virendra Sharad Sherlekar, Burton V. Dean
An Evaluation Of The Initial Year Of Zero-Base Budgeting In The Federal Government, Virendra Sharad Sherlekar, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB) process during the initial year of its implementation in the Federal Government. The evaluation includes ten Departments and six agencies of the Federal Government representing 74 percent of the total budget authority of $60 billion dollars. It is based on the information received in responses from federal agencies to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 78-1. Eleven major criteria were formulated for use in evaluating the applicability of the ZBB process and its performance in the individual agencies. The eleven criteria were …
Zero-Base Budgeting : Model And Practice, Houshang H. Momenian
Zero-Base Budgeting : Model And Practice, Houshang H. Momenian
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the capability of a company in Iran, where the budgeting system used is relatively primitive, to implement successfully Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB). The
Time Series Analysis As An Approach To Short Term Forecasting Of Unit Volume In A Part Of The Electrical Industry, William C. Cleveland
Time Series Analysis As An Approach To Short Term Forecasting Of Unit Volume In A Part Of The Electrical Industry, William C. Cleveland
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study investigates the use of time series analysis to improve short-term forecasting of unit volume in a segment of the electrical industry. Various forecasting methods were compared based on their theoretical approaches and effectiveness in reducing forecast error residuals. The Box-Jenkins methodology was identified as the most reliable, outperforming other methods in producing accurate forecasts and parameter estimates for future demand. Statistical tests, including the F-ratio, confirmed the superiority of Box-Jenkins models over competing techniques, which often relied on erroneous assumptions. Key findings highlight the availability of better forecasting models, the potential of Box-Jenkins techniques to optimize forecasting outcomes, …
Two Backtrack Algorithms For The Radio Frequency Intermodulation Problem, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin, David E. Williams
Two Backtrack Algorithms For The Radio Frequency Intermodulation Problem, Susumu Morito, Harvey M. Salkin, David E. Williams
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Two or more radio signals, transmitted from a small platform (e.g., a ship, satellite, or airplane, etc.), tend to produce an intermodulation product which could distort a receive signal. The intensity of intermodulation interference due to a given intermodulation frequency is known to be closely related to the lowest order, or simply the order, of the intermodulation product which can be found by solving a single constraint integer program with variables unrestricted in sign, where coefficients of the constraint equation correspond to frequencies. Two variations of backtrack, or search enumeration algorithms, called the primal and dual backtrack algorithms, are developed …