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Articles 91 - 120 of 1196
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Predicting Doctorate Production In The Usa: Some Lessons For Long-Range Forecasters, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Alfred R. Michenzi
Predicting Doctorate Production In The Usa: Some Lessons For Long-Range Forecasters, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Alfred R. Michenzi
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The nine major independently conducted forecasts of doctoral degree production for the 1970's shared a consistently high bias, although one was quite accurate. In this paper we compare the forecasting models based upon these results and discuss the implications for long-range forecasting. We show that the bias was mainly due to a common core assumption (exemplifying "assumption drag") that students would pursue degrees at clo-se to the existing rates in spite of decreasing traditional demand for graduates. The results also indicate the value of simple models and eclectic forecasting methods, the desirability of robust causal models and dangers of extrapolative …
Logistics Network Design: Modelling And Informational Considerations, Ronald H. Ballou
Logistics Network Design: Modelling And Informational Considerations, Ronald H. Ballou
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This article discusses the application of modelling to the problem of planning the design a business logistics network. The models are categorized and selected ones of particular importance are illustrated and evaluated against practice. Suggestions on how to effectively manipulate location-related data are given. An attempt is made to assess which models have worked well in practice and to give some personal assessments as to the directions that modelling should take to be better accepted by practitioners and managers. [Published circa 1988-1990.]
Analysis Of Runway Operations, David A. Schrady
Analysis Of Runway Operations, David A. Schrady
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper deals with the questions of runway capacity and delays at an air terminal. Analytic models are developed to calculate the landing capacity and operations (landings and take-offs) capacity. A feature of the analysis is the derivation of the runway threshold arrival distribution of landing aircraft, which then allows access to the departure capacity. Arrival and departure delay expressions are also given and serve to dramatically illustrate capacity limitations. The analysis brings out the factors limiting system capacity and may be used to program system improvements as traffic increases or as the mix of aircraft using the facility changes …
A Methodology For Configuring Cellular Manufacturing Systems, Henry C. Co, A. Abdelaziz
A Methodology For Configuring Cellular Manufacturing Systems, Henry C. Co, A. Abdelaziz
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper presents a three-step procedure for configuring machines into manufacturing cells, assigning the cells to process specific sets of jobs. First, operations are assigned, with the objective of balancing the workload. Then, we extended King's algorithm for cluster analysis. Finally a direct-search algorithm for defining the composition of manufacturing cells, the method of Partition Formation (PF), is presented. A comprehensive example is also included. [Likely published circa 1984-1988.]
A Taxonomy Of Mis, David Majd
A Taxonomy Of Mis, David Majd
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A perusal of the management information systems (MIS) literature or attendance at a major conference calls attention to the diversity of the discipline and the need to have some larger frame of reference in which to understand MIS research. This paper utilizes two MIS research frameworks to demonstrate the role of integrative thought in understanding and guiding MIS research. A literature review is used to support the claim that the benefits of improved recall, more effective hypothesis generation, wiser allocation of research resources and better interdisciplinary communication can result from the use of these frameworks. [Published circa 1988-1990.]
Quality Control Of A Unreliable Open Queueing Network Flexible Manufacturing System : With Scrapping And Infinite Buffer Capacity, Lie-Fern Hsu, Charles S. Tapiero
Quality Control Of A Unreliable Open Queueing Network Flexible Manufacturing System : With Scrapping And Infinite Buffer Capacity, Lie-Fern Hsu, Charles S. Tapiero
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
An unreliable flexible manufacturing system described in terms of a multi-parts open queueing network is considered. Using such a system and manufacturing cell's unreliability, this paper provides an estimate of parts' AOQ's (average outgoing quality). In addition, a framework which integrates quality control and assesses in terms of quality and the operational characteristics of flexible manufacturing systems is devised. [Published circa 1986-1989.]
A Study Of The Effect That Title Mix On Store Shelves Has On Magazine Sales, Arnold Reisman, Lowell Lorenzo, Michael Sutila
A Study Of The Effect That Title Mix On Store Shelves Has On Magazine Sales, Arnold Reisman, Lowell Lorenzo, Michael Sutila
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study examines the distribution practices of the George R. Klein News Company, a magazine distributor in Northeast Ohio operating on a consignment basis. The magazine industry faces challenges, including high return rates from retail outlets and frequent sell-outs of popular titles. This paper explores a statistical experiment designed to address these issues by testing the hypothesis that adjusting distribution—reducing copies of low-seller titles and increasing copies of high-seller titles—can improve overall sales performance. The study aims to optimize magazine allocation to individual retailers, balancing supply and demand more effectively. [Published circa 1986-1989.]
Heuristics: Rules Of Thumb For Logistics Decision Making, Ronald H. Ballou
Heuristics: Rules Of Thumb For Logistics Decision Making, Ronald H. Ballou
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A careful look is taken at the use of heuristics, or rules of thumb, in logistics decision making. These rules that guide computational procedures to find satisfactory solutions quickly are vital to solving many logistics problems. Heuristics are defined and appraised as a procedure in contrast with simulation and optimization methods. Examples are given of the use of heuristics in both strategic and operating problem types. How to develop heuristics is also discussed.
A Strategic Planning Process For Barter Or Other Compensatory Arrangements, Bardia Kamrad, Arnold Reisman
A Strategic Planning Process For Barter Or Other Compensatory Arrangements, Bardia Kamrad, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper introduces a strategic planning process model tailored for barter and other compensatory arrangements, expanding upon other research on the topic. The model integrates concepts from utility theory, addressing scenarios with multiple potential outcomes, decision makers, and criteria. A cost-benefit analysis framework is employed, utilizing decision tables to evaluate and optimize these complex arrangements. The approach provides a systematic methodology for decision-making in contexts involving multiple variables and stakeholders. [Published circa 1988-1990.]
A Taxonomy Of Simulation Languages For Design And Analysis Of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Arnold Reisman, Henry C. Co, Albert Wu
A Taxonomy Of Simulation Languages For Design And Analysis Of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Arnold Reisman, Henry C. Co, Albert Wu
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Simulation is a very robust and versatile system analysis technique. However, many common functionalities of the simulation methodology are not available in general-purpose computer languages. Model building is usually a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone process. To alleviate these problems, special-purpose simulation languages have been developed to support system analysts. This paper presents a taxonomy of special-purpose simulation languages, with emphasis on their applications in designing and analyzing Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). [Likely published circa 1990?]
Batching And Tool Configuration Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Henry C. Co, Shih-Ken Chen, Jeanette S. Biermann
Batching And Tool Configuration Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Henry C. Co, Shih-Ken Chen, Jeanette S. Biermann
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
We present some simple mathematical models for solving the problems of hatching and configuring the tool magazines of flexible manufacturing systems. Parts are hatched in an FMS to join different queues before they are introduced to the shop floor. The FMS is configured for each queue and there is a switch-over involved. [Likely published circa 1984-1988.]
Some Observations On The Optimal Material Removal Rate In Unreliable Metal Cutting Processes, Anlong Li, Wenyaw Chan, Henry C. Co
Some Observations On The Optimal Material Removal Rate In Unreliable Metal Cutting Processes, Anlong Li, Wenyaw Chan, Henry C. Co
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines the foundation for economic analysis in unreliable metal cutting processes. We present some results on the machining parameter optimization problem, explaining the effect of the cutting speed on tool life and the rate of acceptance. [Published circa 1985-1988.]
Multi-Item Production And Inventory Management Under Price Uncertainty, Bani P. Banerjee, S. Sankar Sengupta, Gifford H. Symonds
Multi-Item Production And Inventory Management Under Price Uncertainty, Bani P. Banerjee, S. Sankar Sengupta, Gifford H. Symonds
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A model is presented for the derivation and implementation of optimal linear decision rule for a firm producing and dealing in a number of interacting products, and possessing partial influence on their prices. The behavior of a multi-item production-inventory complex is represented as the dynamics of suitably defined state variables under the influence of decision rules that are stable and linear in the state variables, but otherwise unspecified. The dynamical equations are stochastic owing to the presence of stochastic processes in the forcing terms. The statistical properties of these processes, together with the decision rules, determine the statistics of the …
Machining Parameter Selection For A Stochastic Flow System, Wenyaw Chan, Anlong Li, Henry C. Co
Machining Parameter Selection For A Stochastic Flow System, Wenyaw Chan, Anlong Li, Henry C. Co
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper examines the foundation for economic analysis in unreliable metal cutting processes. Using queuing models, we present some observations on the effect of cutting speed upon tool life, rate of acceptance of work, and mean flow time in machining parameter optimization. [Published circa 1987-1989.]
An Update On Barter: Some Contributions Of Management Science, Arnold Reisman, Duu-Cheng Fuh, Gang Li
An Update On Barter: Some Contributions Of Management Science, Arnold Reisman, Duu-Cheng Fuh, Gang Li
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Bartering, humanity's oldest form of commerce, has been practiced since prehistoric times, with evidence dating back to 8300 B.C. This trade system has endured through various civilizations and economic stages, including the post-industrial era. Today, bartering remains prevalent, comprising 30% of global trade, with modern examples like professional sports player trades. Despite its widespread practice, bartering—referred to as "countertrade" in modern terminology—has received minimal attention in Western business education and research. However, this is poised to change, as the U.S. Department of Commerce predicts that countertrade will account for 50% of global trade by the year 2000. This resurgence highlights …
Predicting Doctorate Production In The Usa: Some Lessons For Long-Range Forecasters, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Alfred R. Michenzi
Predicting Doctorate Production In The Usa: Some Lessons For Long-Range Forecasters, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Alfred R. Michenzi
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The nine major independently conducted forecasts of doctoral degree production for the 1970's shared a consistently high bias, although one was quite accurate. In this paper we compare the forecasting models based upon these results and discuss the implications for long-range forecasting. We show that the bias was mainly due to a common core assumption (exemplifying "assumption drag") that students would pursue degrees at clo-se to the existing rates in spite of decreasing traditional demand for graduates. The results also indicate the value of simple models and eclectic forecasting methods, the desirability of robust causal models and dangers of extrapolative …
Two Algorithms For Inventory Decisions Under Inflationary Conditions, N.G. Duraiswamy, Arnold Reisman
Two Algorithms For Inventory Decisions Under Inflationary Conditions, N.G. Duraiswamy, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper reports two algorithms for inventory decisions under inflationary conditions. The first, a heuristic algorithm, was designed to provide efficient purchasing decisions when the demand is deterministic and constant overtime and no inventory shortage is allowed at anytime. It is assumed that price increases due to inflation occurs in a discrete fashion; that is, prices go up not continually but at discrete time points. The second, a dynamic programming algorithm was derived under the same price increase assumption, but applies to the deterministic, dynamic demand and no shortage problem. [Published circa 1979-1980.]
A Retrospective Look At A Number Of Forecasts Of 1971-80 Ph.D. Degree Production In The U.S.A., Alfred R. Michenzi, Arnold Reisman, Burton V. Dean, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Edward Rattner
A Retrospective Look At A Number Of Forecasts Of 1971-80 Ph.D. Degree Production In The U.S.A., Alfred R. Michenzi, Arnold Reisman, Burton V. Dean, Bruce Pollack-Johnson, Edward Rattner
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
At the beginning of the '70s, a number of studies were commissioned to project the production of Ph.D.'s during that decade. This paper summarizes the underlying assumptions, data, and methodologies used by each of the studies and compares the resulting forecasts to the actual outcomes. Lastly, a retrospective analysis of the above offers some insights for future long range manpower forecasters. [Likely published circa 1984-1985.]
A Throughput-Maximizing Facility Planning And Layout Model, Henry C. Co, Albert Wu, Arnold Reisman
A Throughput-Maximizing Facility Planning And Layout Model, Henry C. Co, Albert Wu, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper presents a throughput-maximizing algorithm for facility planning and layout of flexible manufacturing systems. It uses a computationally efficient mean-value analysis model to analyze system configurations, and extends the methodology of CRAFT in layout planning. [Published circa 1986-1989.]
A Mean Value Analysis Model For Analyzing Manufacturing Systems: With Emphasis On Layout And Material Flow, Albert Wu, Henry C. Co, Arnold Reisman
A Mean Value Analysis Model For Analyzing Manufacturing Systems: With Emphasis On Layout And Material Flow, Albert Wu, Henry C. Co, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Queuing-network models yield closed-form analytical solutions and can provide decision makers valuable insights about the systems modeled. This paper presents FMS-Q, a mean-value analysis model of job-shop like systems such as flexible manufacturing systems. FMS-Q models the layout and the output queues at each node of the FMS explicitly. Lastly, a simulation study using Caterpillar data is presented to compare the relative performance of several queueing models of FMS. Specifically FMS-Q performance is compared to that of CAN-Q and MVA-Q using the same inputs. [Published circa 1986-1989.]
The 'Free Purposing' Organization: Beyond Empowerment...Towards 'Engaged Commitment', Hani N. Boulos
The 'Free Purposing' Organization: Beyond Empowerment...Towards 'Engaged Commitment', Hani N. Boulos
Student Scholarship
Wide ranges of organizations are explicitly rejecting the norms of rational bureaucracy in designing and running their organizations. Grounded in a qualitative study of those organizations, this paper seeks first to identify some common structural commonalities, and differentiate them from the traditional hierarchies, and second to develop a theoretical framework for understanding them and assess the way they foster internal commitment for desired purpose. We interviewed 61 individuals from 12 organizations in diverse sectors and different geographic locations. We discovered emergent novel forms and practices. We developed a conceptual framework to capture the main discoveries, not as models of perfection, …
The Moderating Effects Of Incentives And Informal Contracts On Post-Merger Executive Turnover And Engagement, David P. Grogan
The Moderating Effects Of Incentives And Informal Contracts On Post-Merger Executive Turnover And Engagement, David P. Grogan
Student Scholarship
This study contributes to a better understanding of voluntary executive turnover during the post-merger integration period by extending prior research on agency, stewardship, and psychological contracts. Within the context of a post-acquisition environment we propose four new predictors of engagement, measure the mediating role of a decision to leave, and examine the moderating effects of retention incentives and perceived implicit contract violations. This inquiry was inspired by the seemingly counter-intuitive industry practice of assigning retention incentives to key talent who are not actually committed to staying and the likelihood that subsequent agent engagement in the organizational change process required for …
Strategy As Interaction:The Dynamics Between Strategy Execution Effectiveness And Organizational Interactions During Strategy Implementation, Stanley Omeike
Strategy As Interaction:The Dynamics Between Strategy Execution Effectiveness And Organizational Interactions During Strategy Implementation, Stanley Omeike
Student Scholarship
Organizations have for long used strategy as a springboard for actualization of their strategic intent. The body of knowledge around strategy formulation is well established, but there is less clarity as to how organizations implement strategy to close the gap between their intent and reality. This research seeks to understand how organizations engage in strategy execution so as to reduce the “execution gap”. We uncover patterns in strategic practices with a view to conceptualize how gap reduction happens and what mechanisms influence it. We identify a number of dynamic environmental forces and mutually recursive organizational factors that mutually influence organization’s …
Energy Access For The "Powerless": The Role Of Relational Connectivity Between Entrepreneurs And Private Capital Investors, Michael E. Desa
Energy Access For The "Powerless": The Role Of Relational Connectivity Between Entrepreneurs And Private Capital Investors, Michael E. Desa
Student Scholarship
Although $1.6 trillion was invested in 2013 in global energy, of which $254 billion was in renewable energy, small power producer (SPP) entrepreneurs that focused their operations on the 1.4 billion powerless populations received a trifling $2.2 billion--less than $2 per person and 1.37% of overall investment. Prevailing research details policy methods, finance mechanisms, and business models intended to attract private capital and enlarge energy access; however, the nominal investment levels signify that private capital remains uninterested. This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to discover the role of interaction experiences between SPP entrepreneurs and investors and the factors …
How Do They Do It? Legislators As Leaders: A Study Of Legislators' Values And Decision-Making, Alison J. Battaglia
How Do They Do It? Legislators As Leaders: A Study Of Legislators' Values And Decision-Making, Alison J. Battaglia
Student Scholarship
Legislators as leaders have an immense effect on our lives, and for many, influence our ability to thrive and have equal opportunities for health and prosperity. Legislators are representatives elected by the people of the district in which they live. As a representative, they are the voice of that constituency group. They determine local, state and national policies that impact both our constitutional rights and government support as citizens of the United States. But little research is available about how they make decisions and if there are differences between male and female legislator decision-making approaches. These attributes include personal values …
Manufacturing Organizations During Sub-Acute Crises: An Examination Of Critical Interactions In Five Sub-Acute Crisis Cases, William A. Brake
Manufacturing Organizations During Sub-Acute Crises: An Examination Of Critical Interactions In Five Sub-Acute Crisis Cases, William A. Brake
Student Scholarship
Manufacturing organizations face a steady barrage of sub-acute crises. Sudden, often surprising events that seriously threaten critical objectives provide an environment of steady disruption and uncertainty. Viewing organizations as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), this qualitative study collects and analyses 29 interviews across five unique cases of small manufacturers recalling a recent sub-acute crisis and their responses. Interviews were conducted with a senior manager, a small group of key managers and then each of the managers individually. Our comparative analysis found that positive and negative thoughts, feelings and actions were predominate across a wide variety of cultures and crises. We propose …
Retirement Values: What Explains Career Transition And Well-Being, Gregg Lunceford
Retirement Values: What Explains Career Transition And Well-Being, Gregg Lunceford
Student Scholarship
In 2011, individuals in America's baby boomer cohort began reaching their full retirement age of 65. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 baby boomers will turn age 65 each day until 2031. Retirement is being discussed more frequently as a greater number of people try to figure out if and how they would like to transition from their primary careers. Our research focused on successful professionals between the ages of 50 and 75 to understand what factors contribute to the decision to make a transition toward retirement. From the study, we learned that retirement is a difficult decision and may …
Bridging Executive Succession Gaps: Organizational Factors That Most Accelerate Executive Readiness, Carolynn Cameron
Bridging Executive Succession Gaps: Organizational Factors That Most Accelerate Executive Readiness, Carolynn Cameron
Student Scholarship
Much has been written on the topic of leadership development however little on the development of top executives, and virtually nothing on the most efficient ways of developing executives. With succession pipelines to executive jobs weak across S&P 500 firms, executive succession weakness poses a real financial, continuity and governance risk to systems globally. To address this phenomenological gap, the authors conducted a qualitative inquiry involving semi-structured interviews with managers in a single S&P 50 global firm that operates across three industries. By probing into the "lived worlds" of these executive successors and high performing non-successors, new insight has been …
Bridging Executive Succession Gaps: Organizational Factors That Most Accelerate Executive Readiness, Carolynn Cameron
Bridging Executive Succession Gaps: Organizational Factors That Most Accelerate Executive Readiness, Carolynn Cameron
Student Scholarship
Much has been written on the topic of leadership development however little on the development of top executives, and virtually nothing on the most efficient ways of developing executives. With succession pipelines to executive jobs weak across S&P 500 firms, executive succession weakness poses a real financial, continuity and governance risk to systems globally. To address this phenomenological gap, the authors conducted a qualitative inquiry involving semi-structured interviews with managers in a single S&P 50 global firm that operates across three industries. By probing into the "lived worlds" of these executive successors and high performing non-successors, new insight has been …
The Liminal Workplace, Michael O'Hare
The Liminal Workplace, Michael O'Hare
Student Scholarship
This study investigates how managers, executives and professionals (MEP) working 50 or more hours per week and using Information Communication Technology (ICT) to stay connected with their work 24/7 manage their energy and thrive at work. Based on interviews with these subjects, we learn that they have adapted ICT to help them achieve the goals of their "protean careers" and meet the challenges of the transitional or liminal workplace. We also discovered that they function in an autopoietic fashion to rejuvenate themselves in the work domain by physical exercise, managing relationships, and through introspective reflection. We were surprised that for …