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Articles 841 - 870 of 1196
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Determining And Responding To The Demand For Residential Products In Metropolitan Areas, Barry Marshall Richmond
Determining And Responding To The Demand For Residential Products In Metropolitan Areas, Barry Marshall Richmond
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This thesis describes the development and subsequent use of a comprehensive model of the community development process designed to aid management in evaluating the long-term demand for residential products within a given metropolitan area (or series of areas) and then in determining an optimal development response to this demand. The presentation is divided into three parts, followed by a set of Technical Appendices. The first two parts treat the two tasks identified above. The final part is devoted to a presentation of some results which were obtained with the model in an actual application to a new community presently under …
Optimal Rearrangement Of Objects, Ashok Kumar Mittal
Optimal Rearrangement Of Objects, Ashok Kumar Mittal
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This dissertation deals with finding an optimal way of changing a given arrangement to a (specified) new arrangement. Two types of problems are considered. In the first type of problem, there is no extra storage space available for storage of the objects. The rearrangement is done by a sequence of pairwise exchanges. In the second type of problem there is extra storage space available for storage. The rearrangement in this case is done by a vehicle which moves one object at a time. Problems are further classified by type of arrangement as basic cycles, cycles--and general arrangement- and by the …
Transient Distributions Of Some Processes Related To The Wiener Process With Drift, Teunis J. Ott
Transient Distributions Of Some Processes Related To The Wiener Process With Drift, Teunis J. Ott
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report presents an alternative derivation for the transient distribution of Brownian Motion Processes on [0,∞) with drift and a reflecting boundary at zero. The result is applied to determine the joint distributions of the maximum and minimum values of the process X_H over specified intervals. The Brownian Motion Process is also examined on (−∞,∞) with drift but without boundaries. The findings extend known results to cases with drift, offering broader insights into the behavior of Brownian motion processes under these conditions.
Critical Path Problem Under Assignment Constraints With The Number Of Men Less Than The Number Of Activities, S. Kumar, D. Wagner, R. Chandrasekaran
Critical Path Problem Under Assignment Constraints With The Number Of Men Less Than The Number Of Activities, S. Kumar, D. Wagner, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The paper concerns the problem of determining the shortest time of project completion under the constraint that the number of men available is less than the number of activities to be performed. Additionally, it is assumed that men differ in skills. In order to solve this problem, two related problems are formulated. The first one does not take into account the constraint that a man cannot perform more than one job at a time. The second one is discrete in time and is used to make a solution of the former problem feasible. An iterative procedure for solving the basic …
Progress Report Intensive Care For Neonates In Ohio, I, Teunis J. Ott, M. Anvari
Progress Report Intensive Care For Neonates In Ohio, I, Teunis J. Ott, M. Anvari
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The Neonatal Project is a research project undertaken by faculty and staff from the departments of Operations Research in the School of Management and Pediatrics in the School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University. Phase I of the project (Jan. 1 - June 30, 1975) is funded by the State of Ohio Department of Health. The ultimate purpose of the project is to produce well documented recommendations on locations of Intensive Care Units for Newborns (to be called "NICU's") in the state of Ohio, and if possible, to produce well documented recommendations on the modes of transportation to be used …
Aggregating Corporate Subsidiaries Under A Given Tax Structure, Harvey M. Salkin, Burton V. Dean, Chien-Hua Lin
Aggregating Corporate Subsidiaries Under A Given Tax Structure, Harvey M. Salkin, Burton V. Dean, Chien-Hua Lin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Employers in the United States are required to pay contribution to a state administered unemployment compensation fund to protect the employees in the event of unemployment. Contributions imposed by compensation laws are in reality taxes on the right to employ, and may be considered as direct costs. A corporation can often be considered as a composition of subsidiaries, each with their own accounting data. In many states including Ohio, these subsidiaries may be treated individually or in various aggregations, each aggregation becoming a subsidiary, prior to computing the contribution payment. The payment is a function of a known tax schedule …
Some Algorithms For Solving Extreme Point Mathematical Programming Problems, S. Kumar, D. Wagner
Some Algorithms For Solving Extreme Point Mathematical Programming Problems, S. Kumar, D. Wagner
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The paper concerns some algorithms for solving extreme point mathematical programming problem formulated in [4]. The algorithms discussed consist in determining lower and upper bounds of the objective function and accomplishing the search for the optimal solution. The direction of search depends upon the choice of the starting point. It can be either lower or upper bound. Algorithms making use of the two possible search direction are discussed in detail. In order to illustrate the application of these algorithms, two numerical examples are solved. Some other algorithms based on different approaches are also briefly discussed.
Design And Testing Of A Generalized Reduced Gradient Code For Nonlinear Optimization, Leon S. Lasdon, Allan D. Waren, Arvind Jain, Margery W. Ratner
Design And Testing Of A Generalized Reduced Gradient Code For Nonlinear Optimization, Leon S. Lasdon, Allan D. Waren, Arvind Jain, Margery W. Ratner
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) Methods are algorithms for solving nonlinear programs of general structure. An earlier paper [1] discussed the basic principles of GRG and presented the preliminary design of a GRG computer code. This paper describes a modified version of that initial design, including the experiences that led to the modifications. This paper also is intended to serve as partial system documentation. The code is compared computationally with an interior penalty function code, and anticipated future work on the algorithm is outlined.
Optimal Design Of Water Distribution Pipeline Networks, Wilson Carlos Duarte Delfino
Optimal Design Of Water Distribution Pipeline Networks, Wilson Carlos Duarte Delfino
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A water distribution pipeline network is a system that transports water from points of supply to points of demand where water must be delivered at a certain rate and pressure head. The system consists of water supply points, water demand points and pumping stations all connected by pipelines according to some network geometry. In this paper we consider the one-period deterministic design problem of a water distribution pipeline network. The design problem in water networks with no loops (tree networks) and in water networks with loops, respectively, is mathematically formulated with pipe costs, pump costs and energy costs being minimized. …
Integer Programming By Group Theory: Some Computational Results, Harvey M. Salkin, Susumu Morito
Integer Programming By Group Theory: Some Computational Results, Harvey M. Salkin, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A group theoretic algorithm for the integer program has been computer programmed and tested. It basically consists of a linear programming algorithm, a routine which converts the (relaxed) integer program to a group minimization problem (over the fractional column group or the isomorphic factor group attained via Smith's Normal Form), solving the group problem by dynamic programming or by a shortest path algorithm, and when necessary, uses a branch and bound procedure. Details and computational results are given. Future work regarding other computational strategies available to group theoretic algorithms is also included.
Innovation And Industrial Product Life Cycles : A Heuristic Classification Study, Cornelis A. De Kluyver
Innovation And Industrial Product Life Cycles : A Heuristic Classification Study, Cornelis A. De Kluyver
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study evaluates the validity of the product life cycle (PLC) concept for industrial products and explores its relationship to product innovation. Focusing on steering gears for heavy-duty trucks and farm machinery, the research refines and applies the PLC model, traditionally used for consumer goods, to industrial settings. Findings demonstrate three distinct life cycle forms—innovative maturity, growth maturity, and decline maturity--each influenced by the degree of product innovation. Using discriminant analysis, the study confirms a link between PLC stages and innovation, revealing that highly innovative products have greater sensitivity to discount factors in sales forecasting. Strategic insights include the advantage …
Some Faculty Evaluation Methods, John J. Rasmussen
Some Faculty Evaluation Methods, John J. Rasmussen
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper reviews necessary and desirable characteristics of faculty, as suggested by both their peers and their students. Several surveys of student opinion regarding their teachers are discussed, along with problems of various rating methods. Two faculty rating models are described, though again with admitted shortcomings. A synthesized, viable scoring model for evaluating faculty members for promotion is proposed, and is followed by extensions of this to other educational institution uses.
Forest City/University Hospitals Telemedicine System Project Evaluation: Progress Report I, Edward A. Ernst, Arnold Reisman, Teunis J. Ott, Marylou Kiley, Thomas George, P. Chou, Pauline Crawford, Dennis L. Snyder, Willie Callaham Lambright, Ronella Fields, Charles S. Berry, Donald Brittenum
Forest City/University Hospitals Telemedicine System Project Evaluation: Progress Report I, Edward A. Ernst, Arnold Reisman, Teunis J. Ott, Marylou Kiley, Thomas George, P. Chou, Pauline Crawford, Dennis L. Snyder, Willie Callaham Lambright, Ronella Fields, Charles S. Berry, Donald Brittenum
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In June 1974, a task force comprised of faculty from the School of Medicine and faculty and graduate students from the Department of Operations Research, Case Western Reserve University, in association with the staff of Forest City Hospital, Cleveland, initiated an evaluation study of a proposed Telemedicine Link between University Hospitals of Cleveland and Forest City Hospital. The different stages of the Telemedicine study completed to date are: a definition of the project goals and objectives; formulation of parameters relevant to an evaluation of Telemedicine's impact on the quality of care delivered; design of data gathering instruments; and, finally, the …
A Systems Description Of The Cwru Research Administration System, Burton V. Dean, R. Chandrasekaran, Leon S. Lasdon, S. Subba Rao, Michael Baum, Henry Adamany, Joel Brandon, Urban Landreman, Raghavendra N. Rao, Daniel Schwee
A Systems Description Of The Cwru Research Administration System, Burton V. Dean, R. Chandrasekaran, Leon S. Lasdon, S. Subba Rao, Michael Baum, Henry Adamany, Joel Brandon, Urban Landreman, Raghavendra N. Rao, Daniel Schwee
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is an attempt to fully describe the research administration process at Case Western Reserve University. Included in the description are decisions made during the process, flows of information, description of the offices involved, and suggestions for areas of improvement in this complex system. The paper has been divided into four major sections. The first deals with an in-depth description of all the major systems and subsystems of the Case Western Reserve Research Administration Process. The second part of the paper deals with a detailed description of the major university offices which are involved with the research process. The …
A Survey Of Large Scale Mathematical Programming, Leon S. Lasdon
A Survey Of Large Scale Mathematical Programming, Leon S. Lasdon
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This chapter explores the extensive use of mathematical programming enabled by advanced computer codes capable of solving large-scale problems by leveraging problem structure. It highlights the special characteristics of large linear and nonlinear programs, such as sparse and structured constraint matrices. Two primary approaches to solving such problems are discussed: direct methods and decomposition techniques. Direct methods, commonly applied in linear programming using tools like the simplex method, optimize computations by exploiting matrix structures. Decomposition methods divide problems into subsystems, coordinating interactions through multi-level approaches to achieve comprehensive solutions. The chapter assumes familiarity with linear programming concepts and provides detailed …
A Market Analysis For The Cleveland Zoological Park, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Thomas S. Nunnikhoven, D.R. Rossiter, Raghavendra N. Rao, Cornelis A. De Kluyver, B. Richmond
A Market Analysis For The Cleveland Zoological Park, Hamilton Emmons, Burton V. Dean, Thomas S. Nunnikhoven, D.R. Rossiter, Raghavendra N. Rao, Cornelis A. De Kluyver, B. Richmond
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The Cleveland Zoological Park has experienced, over the past decade, a general trend toward increasing deficits and decreasing attendance (see Appendix A). The Zoo is a nonprofit organization, rendering services to the community in such areas as education, conservation, community enhancement, and cultural enrichment. Through the Metropolitan Park Board, it receives an annual subsidy of $300,000. In spite of this subsidy and a significant increase in donated funds, coupled with repeated admission and parking fee increases, even the most frugal management has been unable to make income meet expenses. Certainly, nothing has been left over for capital investments in new …
A Study Of Presidents Of Religious Institutions Of Higher Learning In California, John J. Rasmussen, Burton V. Dean
A Study Of Presidents Of Religious Institutions Of Higher Learning In California, John J. Rasmussen, Burton V. Dean
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Religious related institutions will most likely continue to exist, and they will continue to need administrators. To become familiar with the current crop of these academic elite, a significant number of presidents and other administrative officers were interviewed regarding their family, educational, and work background; their current methods of dealing with problem situations; and their perceptions regarding the future of the religious related school and the person who will run them.
Cleveland Public Heath And Welfare Department Courier Service Operations, Burton V. Dean, John N. Barrer, Krishnamurthy Nandakumar
Cleveland Public Heath And Welfare Department Courier Service Operations, Burton V. Dean, John N. Barrer, Krishnamurthy Nandakumar
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
It was found that consolidation of courier system resources is required to insure a minimum level of service in the event of driver absenteeism or unavailability of vehicles. In order to find common functions to use as principles of consolidation, each program was analysed on the basis of 1) Vehicle location, 2) Materials transported, 3) Areas serviced, and 4) Type of service provided. Analyses were performed to determine the advantages of consolidation with respect to cost savings and improved reliability of service. It was determined that consolidation was possible because of the similarities in the types of service being provided …
Simulation Of Surgical Anesthesia Team Configurations, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, J.S. Gravenstein, F. J. Staub, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen
Simulation Of Surgical Anesthesia Team Configurations, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, J.S. Gravenstein, F. J. Staub, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Thomas George, C. Lin, John J. Rasmussen
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A research group, comprised of faculty and graduate students from the School of Medicine and from the Department of Operations Research, Case Western Reserve University, investigated ways to alleviate the shortage and maldistribution of surgical anesthesiologists. The three project stages were: survey and detailed analysis of data gathered at the Veteran's Administration Hospital of Cleveland; the construction and validation of a computer simulation model to study with speed, economy and non-human experimentation alternative practice modes; and the establishing of methodology for selecting an optimal anesthesia team configuration. The methodology provides design charts involving trade-offs between alternative personnel configurations and a …
Applications Of Operations Research To A Check Processing System, Joseph A. Svestka
Applications Of Operations Research To A Check Processing System, Joseph A. Svestka
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The subject of this thesis is the check processing system of a large commercial bank. The scientific method of analysis and synthesis are employed to identify the important aspects of the problem, to define the models, and their inter-relationships. The thesis also includes a discussion of the important aspects of solution implementation and evaluation. The system is neither viewed nor treated as a collection of separate problems but as a coherent set of interactive problems, involving a myriad of constraints, inter-relationships, and sometimes contradictory objectives. The mathematical models employed include the only available (to date) M-salesman traveling salesman algorithm, a …
Minimal Spanning Trees With Ratio Criterion, R. Chandrasekaran
Minimal Spanning Trees With Ratio Criterion, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The minimal spanning tree problem is well known, and efficient algorithms exist for solving this problem. One of these algorithms has been called a "greedy" algorithm by Edmonds, who has also described the full potential of such an algorithm. In this paper, we consider a slightly modified objective function. We show that the greedy algorithm does not work for this modified problem, even if it is modified in a suitable way. First we provide a characterization for an optimal tree, which is an extension of a condition found in [2] for the minimal spanning tree problem. This gives us an …
A Car Pooling Problem, R. Chandrasekaran, S. Subba Rao
A Car Pooling Problem, R. Chandrasekaran, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
There are N persons in an organization who are potential candidates for car pooling. Subjective estimates of (i) the probability that individual, i, breaks the pool he is in on any given day and (ii) the conditional probability that he will take his car to work, given that he has broken his pool on any given day, are available. Breaking or missing the pool occurs when a person is late, or has to go elsewhere or is ill, etc. Thus, missing the pool is a random event. A person's decision to take his own car instead of the pool also …
Optimal Selection Of Students For Awarding Financial Aid, R. Chandrasekaran, S. Subba Rao
Optimal Selection Of Students For Awarding Financial Aid, R. Chandrasekaran, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Most academic departments in universities are faced with the problem of selecting candidates for awarding limited financial aid. In many institutions, there are two levels of aid: (i) graduate assistantships that pay a larger amount and (ii) tuition fellowships which pay only tuition, and hence a lesser amount. The limitation on available aid makes the problem of selecting the right candidates a difficult and interesting one. Even when aid is given, the event that a student joins a department is only probabilistic, due to competition from other schools. However, it seems realistic to assume that the probability that a student …
A Computer Based Information System For International Tax Planning, Arnold Reisman, Robert Reich
A Computer Based Information System For International Tax Planning, Arnold Reisman, Robert Reich
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes a logical framework for the storage and retrieval of tax-related information, about twenty countries, for use in corporate decision making. A hands-on information retrieval system was designed which management can have access to and depend on without the aid of a technical intermediary. This results in a quick and reliable mechanism (via computer terminal) for data retrieval. Once complete and exact, this database will form the foundation for many different models in the area of international business.
Economic Analysis Applied To The Practice Of Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Keki R. Dadachanji, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito
Economic Analysis Applied To The Practice Of Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Keki R. Dadachanji, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper describes one aspect of a general methodology for the management of a dental practice; in general and in particular, of one involving Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries. The aspect of concern in this paper centers on the economic analysis of practice management. Thus, the paper presents both an algebraic statement of the economic analysis and a set of forms (similar in format to the International Revenue Service 1040 forms) which can be used to respond to the following questions: (1) Given a patient load and mix, a practice configuration (i.e., the number of operatories and of workers of each …
Computer Simulation Of Scheduling In A Dental Practice Involving Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito, Keki R. Dadachanji
Computer Simulation Of Scheduling In A Dental Practice Involving Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Shailesh J. Mehta, Susumu Morito, Keki R. Dadachanji
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper discusses computer aided comparisons of performance of alternative policies for patients and workers scheduling in a practice involving expanded duty dental auxiliaries. The comparisons are made in terms of net earnings, total number of patients served, worker utilization etc., using computer based simulation. Pre-determined scheduling is proved to be an efficient method under a wide range of conditions. Construction of the predetermined chart is also described, along with two programs written in FORTRAN IV to construct and then test such charts.
A General Model For Measuring And Analyzing The Risk Of Sustaining Clothing Burn Injuries, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Jerome Barancik, Arnold Reisman
A General Model For Measuring And Analyzing The Risk Of Sustaining Clothing Burn Injuries, Phiroz P. Darukhanavala, Jerome Barancik, Arnold Reisman
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
During the past twenty-five years, the etiology and treatment of burn injuries have been widely studied in the United States. A number of these studies have suggested that the type of clothing worn by an individual plays a vital part in determining the extent and severity of a significant percentage of burn injuries. These studies have not adequately defined the criteria necessary to promulgate standards for protection against burn injuries. We believe that an accurate and reliable estimate of relative risk will provide an essential criterion for specifying the level of hazard associated with clothing system pyrolysis. Since clothing is …
Economic And Management Considerations In The Practice Of Team Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Shailesh J. Mehta, Keki R. Dadachanji, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Susumu Morito
Economic And Management Considerations In The Practice Of Team Dentistry, Arnold Reisman, Hamilton Emmons, Shailesh J. Mehta, Keki R. Dadachanji, Edward J. Green, Ronald Occhionero, Susumu Morito
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper explores the evolving landscape of dentistry, emphasizing the need for management skills and the application of Operations Research (OR) to enhance operational efficiency. With the advent of Expanded Duty Dental Auxiliaries (EDDAs), the complexity of dental practice management has increased, necessitating refined scheduling methods and effective workforce allocation. The collaboration between the School of Dentistry and the Department of Operations Research at Case Western Reserve University highlights the importance of OR in addressing scheduling and cost analysis challenges. The paper also discusses the introduction of forecasting techniques and management games to improve dental education, allowing future practitioners to …
A Multinational Plant Capacity Expansion Planning Model, Emmanuel Constantine Kondylis
A Multinational Plant Capacity Expansion Planning Model, Emmanuel Constantine Kondylis
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The objective of this research is to develop a systematic procedure for evaluating alternative capacity expansion decisions in a multinational environment when considering explicitly both tangible and intangible factors. A mathematical programming decision model is developed to select those countries and production levels that maximize expected utility, considering all possible alternatives. Consideration of intangible factors in the form of an environmental value is investigated. A regression model predicts the environmental value of a country from a set of fundamental causal factors derived through factor analysis. The environmental value is incorporated into a return on investment index which forms the expected …
A Social System Measurement Model, Allan L. Service
A Social System Measurement Model, Allan L. Service
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study examines the challenges and complexities of applying operations research (O.R.) techniques to decision-making in social, political, and human service organizations. Unlike military and industrial systems, these organizations are marked by non-hierarchical structures, qualitative constraints, and the absence of straightforward optimization objectives. The research focuses on developing criterion functions to evaluate the impact of proposed decisions, a critical need for successful O.R. applications. Using the Jewish Community Federation of Cleveland as a case study, a measurement model is developed to quantify throughput, quality, and value within the context of human services systems. The model integrates input, process, and output …