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Articles 451 - 480 of 1196

Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations

Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton Nov 2004

Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton

Student Scholarship

With departments of human resource (HR) struggling over the past ten years to establish an equal strategic role with operating managers and other functional specialties, there is ongoing debate regarding the strategic alignment and practical impact of human resource management (HRM) practices. A manageable domain for studying the impact of HR in supporting organization strategy is that of formal career system (CS) programs. Investments in CS programs are made with the expectation that there will be a return in the form of internally developed and strategically deployed managerial talent. However, do these systems actually influence internal labor market decisions, such …

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Community Coalitions: Understanding Volunteer Dynamics In A Complex System, Carmen Simmons Nov 2004

Community Coalitions: Understanding Volunteer Dynamics In A Complex System, Carmen Simmons

Student Scholarship

In recent years, volunteers and practitioners alike have been drawn to creating and participating in various types of alliances and coalitions as a way to address and solve complex community problems. Community coalitions, in particular, have brought together diverse volunteers and agencies committed to specific community change. In many cases these community coalitions have been highly successful. However, just as often, they have failed to reach their goals and produced messy, unpredictable, and disappointing results. Community coalitions are complex systems populated with volunteers and professionals and their networks. They move these shadow systems forward in unpredictable and sometimes counterproductive ways …

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Corporate Governance In The Era Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Larry W. Ettner Nov 2004

Corporate Governance In The Era Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Larry W. Ettner

Student Scholarship

In July 2002, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which mandated that public corporations substantially change their corporate governance practices. Sarbanes-Oxley was the result of egregious practice of corporations, directors, officers, and advisors, which resulted in billions of investor dollars being misappropriated and lost. Substantial corporate resources are being expended to comply with the intended (statutory) consequences of the Act. Within the framework of stockholder theory, the historic CEO-centric model of governance is being replaced by the independent director-centric model (post Sarbanes-Oxley). As a consequence of Sarbanes-Oxley, its foundational requirement of agency theory application advances an adversarial model of distrust. The …

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Low Entrepreneurship Activities Among The African-Americans Who Live In The Cleveland Inner City, Daniel Musungu Oruoch Nov 2004

Low Entrepreneurship Activities Among The African-Americans Who Live In The Cleveland Inner City, Daniel Musungu Oruoch

Student Scholarship

The paper discusses business activities in the inner city of Cleveland Ohio, with specific emphasis on business creation and ownership of the African Americans in this location. The paper enables the reader to understand why there has been a lag in the establishment of African American business in comparison to their population in the inner city. In the whole of Cuyahoga County there are 33,000 businesses which have paid employees but only 932 of these are owned by African Americans who constitute 51 per cent of the population, a paltry 2.8 per cent. In the Cleveland inner city, which is …

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End-Of-Life Decision-Making Through Advanced Directives And Pallative Care, Beth Lada Morse Sep 2004

End-Of-Life Decision-Making Through Advanced Directives And Pallative Care, Beth Lada Morse

Student Scholarship

There are many socio-cultural and economic factors that shape discussions about treatment options for terminally ill patients. These factors include access to life prolonging medical options, societal priorities regarding the allocation of limited health care resources, cost constraints of payers and societal consensus that patient autonomy underpins life-sustaining treatment decisions. The focus of this study is primarily directed to issues of end-of-life care decisions as they relate to advance directives (AD) and palliative care. It is argued that when death is expected or foreseeable, that advance care planning has value for the individual, family, organization and community. It is debatable …

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A Journey With The End In Mind: An Examination Of How Advance Planning May Influence End-Of-Life Decisions, Elizabeth Lada Morse Sep 2004

A Journey With The End In Mind: An Examination Of How Advance Planning May Influence End-Of-Life Decisions, Elizabeth Lada Morse

Student Scholarship

There are many sociocultural and economic factors that shape discussions about treatment options for terminally ill patients. These factors include access to lifeprolonging medical options, societal priorities regarding the allocation of limited health care resources, cost constraints of payers, and societal consensus that patient autonomy underpins lifesustaining treatment decisions. The focus of this study is primarily directed to issues of endoflife care decisions as they relate to advance directives (ADs) and palliative care. It is argued that when death is expected or foreseeable, advance care planning has value for the individual, family, organization and community. It is debatable whether ADs …

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Incentives For Pragmatic Collaborations: Factors For A Win-Win-Win Scenario For Managers, Firms And The Automotive Product Development Industry, Surendra S. Khambete Sep 2004

Incentives For Pragmatic Collaborations: Factors For A Win-Win-Win Scenario For Managers, Firms And The Automotive Product Development Industry, Surendra S. Khambete

Student Scholarship

Global automotive supply chains comprise of an intricate network of suppliers, brokers, manufacturers and customers. Within the industry structure and sometimes within automotive product development programs these firms could be competitors, customers, suppliers or partners at the same time. Firms are revisiting their non-core businesses and outsourcing to a set of strategic suppliers that help them be competitive. The players in the supply chain rarely cater to only one customer and hence it is important to develop a secure network when you know that your customers and suppliers will also be interacting with your competition. Developing this secure network involves …

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Rethinking The Differential In Precautionary Savings Between Blacks And Whites, Benjamin K. Ofili Aug 2004

Rethinking The Differential In Precautionary Savings Between Blacks And Whites, Benjamin K. Ofili

Student Scholarship

This study investigates the differences in precautionary savings between black and white Americans using the theories of reasoned action and individualism and collectivism. A sample size of 229 blacks and 397 whites for a total of 626 participated in the survey. This study finds that the reason for the difference in precautionary savings between blacks and whites is due to the influence of individualism and collectivism, which affects the saving decisions of the groups. Subjective norm and attitude affects saving behavior regardless of race. Behavioral intent mediates the effects of attitude and subjective norm toward saving behavior, indicating a favorable …

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Privatization, Liberalization, And Regulatory Reform: The Case Of Telecommunications, Amit K. Maitra Aug 2004

Privatization, Liberalization, And Regulatory Reform: The Case Of Telecommunications, Amit K. Maitra

Student Scholarship

A Concept Paper presented on the regulatory reforms which cover a wide range of ideas and policies, including privatization, liberalization, competition, and the establishment of independent regulatory regimes. The paper focuses on two aspects of decision making: (1) the types of interests and values that are regularly considered in shaping privatization decisions, whether they be related to various development goals, social goals, external considerations, or intangible factors; (2) the political-economic aspect, namely, the institutional features of any system that give preference, weight, or force to any particular argument, recommendation, or claim. Item two has been particularly under-attended in prior research. …

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Regarding Historic Preservation: Historic Neighborhood Preservation Associations And Success, Brian W. Kenny Jul 2004

Regarding Historic Preservation: Historic Neighborhood Preservation Associations And Success, Brian W. Kenny

Student Scholarship

In spring 2004, residents of historic districts in Phoenix described how they achieve historic preservation success, which factors account for success, and why some designated districts seem to achieve more success than others do. Interview transcripts were parsed through ATLAS/ti qualitative analysis software. Subsequently, a theoretical model was conceptualized and sketched. Success in neighborhood historic preservation — how residents achieve successful historic preservation outcomes — remains an important question that hold potential for redirecting the focus of professional preservation managers. Such questions also provide neighborhood preservationists with opportunities to weigh methods for working more closely with their best ‘worthy opponents.’

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Investigating Factors That Influence Trial Court Judges' Adoption Of Technology, James L. Hill Jul 2004

Investigating Factors That Influence Trial Court Judges' Adoption Of Technology, James L. Hill

Student Scholarship

The adoption, subsequent deployment, and use of new technology, is a topic of great interest to scholars and practitioners alike. Research to date has done much to identify and understand factors that influence technology adoption decisions of end users (Morris, 2001; Roberts & Henderson, 2000). But much less has been done to distinguish and account for the factors that influence the adoption decisions and the behaviors of managers. This paper seeks to bring managers, in the guise of trial court judges, to the forefront and identify those factors and characterize their technology adoption behaviors. The research identifies five direct influences …

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Parish Vibrancy: A Reflection Of Pastoral Leadership On Parishioner Support And Parishioner Satisfaction, Terrence J. Brizz May 2004

Parish Vibrancy: A Reflection Of Pastoral Leadership On Parishioner Support And Parishioner Satisfaction, Terrence J. Brizz

Student Scholarship

The number of Catholic priests available to lead and administer Catholic parishes is declining. The Roman Catholic Church is facing a leadership crises. To help understand the nature of pastoral leadership, this study was designed to examine the impact of pastoral leadership on parishioner satisfaction and parishoner support in 135 Catholic parishes in the Cleveland Diocese. Parishoner satisfaction was assessed from 52,786 Vibrant Parish Life surveys collected from these parishes. Parishioner support was defined as mult-year trends in the parishes' financial and sacramental data. Pastoral leadership was measured through the frequency use of emotional intelligence competencies by pastors from 32 …

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Preferable Leadership Outcomes In Adolescent Boys: The Role Of Authoritative Parenting, Teaching & Guidance Strategies, And Psychological Autonomy, Franklin T. Kudo May 2004

Preferable Leadership Outcomes In Adolescent Boys: The Role Of Authoritative Parenting, Teaching & Guidance Strategies, And Psychological Autonomy, Franklin T. Kudo

Student Scholarship

There are many questions about leadership development that remain unanswered. There is also a wide variety of different theoretical approaches to explain the complexities that exist in the leadership field. This research paper addresses the topical issue of leadership development in adolescent boys. It approaches the study from a perspective of investigating the role of authoritative parenting style, parental teaching and guidance strategies, and the meditative effect of psychological autonomy in adolescents. Through qualitative research methods of semi-structured interviews, and a limited number of measurement scale questions, the thoughts and feelings of parents and their scouts are explored. The data …

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A Tale Of Two Colleges: The Fiscal Crisis Of The 1990'S Strategies For Managing In Uncertainty, Penelope Wheeler Stohn Brouwer May 2004

A Tale Of Two Colleges: The Fiscal Crisis Of The 1990'S Strategies For Managing In Uncertainty, Penelope Wheeler Stohn Brouwer

Student Scholarship

Using a case methodology this study focuses on how two state colleges responded to fiscal stress in the decade of the 1990's, a period of national recession and political change for public higher education. Informed by archival information, fiscal data and interviews with campus decision makers, this work tells the story of how these two campuses addressed fiscal decline. The recollections and perceptions of those who played a role in crafting and implementing response to change are analyzed as efficiency and effectiveness strategies that comprised the unique approach taken by each college. "Shaw College" and "Dalton College" were deliberately chosen …

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Institutionalism And Transformational Leadership: Exploring Linkages Between The Two Perspectives, Margaret L. Drugovich May 2004

Institutionalism And Transformational Leadership: Exploring Linkages Between The Two Perspectives, Margaret L. Drugovich

Student Scholarship

This research explored the ways in which the contemporary notion of transformational leadership might extend the neoinstitutional approach to organizational change and politics. The role of leadership in converting deeply taken-for-granted, change-impeding structures and practices, such as shared governance, into ones that facilitate organizational adaptation in the highly institutionalized field of liberal arts colleges was explored. It was hypothesized that the president’s leadership style would impact institutional outcomes such as financial viability, indices of quality, and curricular innovation by its effect on in-place consensus structures. It was further hypothesized that the effect of leadership on these outcomes would be moderated …

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Commitment, Trust And Manager And Employee Disagreement On The Terms Of The Employment Relationship, Efrain Rivera May 2004

Commitment, Trust And Manager And Employee Disagreement On The Terms Of The Employment Relationship, Efrain Rivera

Student Scholarship

The nature of the employee/employer relationship continues to evolve as firms respond to competition\, globalization\, shifts in technology and other changes in the business environment (Cavanaugh & Noe 1999; Hallier & James 1997; Handy 1990). Employees are increasingly assumed to be responsible for their own career progression and ultimately their own employability (Cavanaugh & Noe 1999). These changes in employee's expectations and obligations to the firm have important implications for individual and organizational outcomes. One way to examine the evolution of the employee/employer relationship is through psychological contract theory. The psychological contract has been defined as an "individual's beliefs regarding …

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The Effect Of Term Limits On State Legislative Effectiveness, Susan B. Waters May 2004

The Effect Of Term Limits On State Legislative Effectiveness, Susan B. Waters

Student Scholarship

This paper studies the effect of term limits and the professionalism of legislatures on four states and concludes that term limits appear to have a negative effect on the ability of legislators to navigate the legislative process on behalf of their constituents, and that the professionalism of the legislature may compound this effect. Partisanship within the legislature, unity of government and the strength of the governor are seen as factors in legislative performance. Effectiveness is measured by enactment of legislation and the management of the budget process. This is an exploratory study into the effects of term limits and professionalism …

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Change On The Frontlines: A Perspective From The Trenches, Manoj Nakra May 2004

Change On The Frontlines: A Perspective From The Trenches, Manoj Nakra

Student Scholarship

This research attempts to correlate outcomes of the change process as changes in work behaviors\, the individual response to change on the frontlines of an organization\, in terms of change content and process attributes. A goal of the research was to use existing research to develop an integrated understanding of what happens when change is implemented by understanding potential mechanisms that may be involved in influencing successful change. A causal model of organizational change is developed\, based upon the theory of planned behavior\, with attitude as a precursor to changes in work routines\, and causal linkages are hypothesized via three …

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Esop Accounts, Age, And Seniority: Effect On Work Related Behavior At Four Small Companies, Raymond A. Lancaster May 2004

Esop Accounts, Age, And Seniority: Effect On Work Related Behavior At Four Small Companies, Raymond A. Lancaster

Student Scholarship

The present study examined employees' work related behavior at four compnaies with Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs). The study's three hypotheses were: if a worker perceived he/she had a substantial economic interest in the firm through the ESOP, as the employee approached retirement age, or as the employee's years of service increased; then the employee's work related behavior would be positively affected. Companies participating in the study were small (annual revenues of $55 million or less), profitable (in at least four of the last five years), privately owned (no company shares traded in public markets), operated in the manufacturing sector, …

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Everywhere Execept On Top: Women Executives In The Nonprofit Sector, Jane A. Van Buren May 2004

Everywhere Execept On Top: Women Executives In The Nonprofit Sector, Jane A. Van Buren

Student Scholarship

Seven large nonprofit organizations across the United States which had recently undergone executive director/CEO transition were selected for study. In interviews with key board members and CEOs, hiring criteria, organizational health and occupation and gender stereotypes were examined as mediators of the hiring process. Participants were asked to describe the factors which influenced the development of the hiring criteria, candidate selection and interview process. In all but one organization board members expressed their belief that they hired the best candidate for the job, regardless of gender. The results indicate that board of directors treat the hiring process very seriously and …

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Exploring The Factors That Promote Risk Taking, Innovativeness, And Proactiveness Among Managers And Employees: The Influence Of Trust, Motivational, And Enabling Mechanisms, Michael G. Stull May 2004

Exploring The Factors That Promote Risk Taking, Innovativeness, And Proactiveness Among Managers And Employees: The Influence Of Trust, Motivational, And Enabling Mechanisms, Michael G. Stull

Student Scholarship

With the current competitive challenges facing for-profit and nonprofits organizations, observers have advocated the implementation of internal entrepreneurial actions as a response. Internal entrepreneurship--defined as risk taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness actions--are examined to determine what mechanisms are at work in promoting these actions among both managers and employees in organizations. Four organizations--two from each sector--were studied using a grounded theory approach, with semi-structured qualitative interviews performed with 15 managers and employees. Data analysis and coding resulted in a conceptual model that provides a parsimonious explanation of the mechanisms that promote entrepreneurial actions in organizations. Three key mechanisms that stem from …

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Free At Last?, Adekunle Solaru May 2004

Free At Last?, Adekunle Solaru

Student Scholarship

Academic literature on work entry and professional growth in the United States lacks studies of individuals from cultures other than the dominant culture. Given the prime importance of academic research in the development of public goods, this lacuna contributes to the sub-optimal achievements of efforts to improve employment outcomes for some of America's unemployed and under-employed population. For individuals who have historically deep roots in the United States, such as some African-Americans, psychological adaptation to the American workplace is a key obstacle to the freedom of full participation in the culture of the United States. For individuals who move to …

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Jan'l Passe Li Passe: The Haitian Organization In The American Landscape, Nesly Metayer May 2004

Jan'l Passe Li Passe: The Haitian Organization In The American Landscape, Nesly Metayer

Student Scholarship

For the purpose of this research I have conducted four focus groups with a total of twenty four participants in two distinct geographical areas of the US and within two distinct organizations. I was amazed to realize while doing the data coding and data analysis that in the absence of geographical clues it was almost impossible to distinguish the focus groups from each other. How is it possible that such disparate groups of people from different educational and professional backgrounds located in such different social environments have exactly the same experience in the US-based Haitian organization? Why is it that …

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Subtle Effects - Significant Consequences: A Field Study Of Mutual Fund Selection Behavior, Gary A. Walker May 2004

Subtle Effects - Significant Consequences: A Field Study Of Mutual Fund Selection Behavior, Gary A. Walker

Student Scholarship

Tens of millions of Americans strive to accumulate sufficient assets to one day retire with adequate financial means to support themselves. Mutual funds are a dominant instrument used to facilitate these dreams. Inadequate disclosure of shareholder costs is unnecessarily costing our society billions of dollars annually, impeding consumers from attaining their aspirations of financially secure golden years. Understanding why consumers behave self detrimentally remains a paradox in an otherwise value cognizant culture. This article is a qualitative study of consumer mutual fund selection behavior designed to identify probable causes. Qualitative analysis revealed primary reliance on risk and performance selection criteria …

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"Educate Only The Bright Ones" Education And Social Capital In Jamaica, 1950-2000, Beverley J. Morgan May 2004

"Educate Only The Bright Ones" Education And Social Capital In Jamaica, 1950-2000, Beverley J. Morgan

Student Scholarship

The work describes and probes the relationships between the institutions of elite and non-elite secondary education and selected graduates of these institutions in Jamaica over an approximately fifty-year period. It considers the curricula, pedagogy, and values of the institutions, viewed as independent variables, and the propensity of a selection of their graduates to contribute to the accumulation of social capital, through civic engagement and the display of high levels of trust, and sociability, viewed as dependent variables, The research suggests that the institutions of education are the loci of the incorporation of individual actors' stances towards the dominant society, and …

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Building Blocks For More Responsible Nonprofit Boards Of Trustees In Higher Education, Susan Williams May 2004

Building Blocks For More Responsible Nonprofit Boards Of Trustees In Higher Education, Susan Williams

Student Scholarship

During recent history, too many nonprofit organizations of higher education have become well known due to highly publicized cases of wrongdoing, which has contributed to the decline in confidence from the public. Contemporaneously, the for-profit corporate sector grappled with the ramifications of catastrophic failures. In response to these combined crises there has been a movement for greater accountability and responsibility from the public upon the governing boards of the organizations because the primary responsibility for these organizations vests with the board. This renewed interest has inspired this study to further understand how board members describe how they enact their responsibilities …

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Building Blocks For More Responsible Nonprofit Boards Of Trustees In Higher Education, Susan Williams May 2004

Building Blocks For More Responsible Nonprofit Boards Of Trustees In Higher Education, Susan Williams

Student Scholarship

During recent history, too many nonprofit organizations of higher education have become well known due to highly publicized cases of wrongdoing, which has contributed to the decline in confidence from the public. Contemporaneously, the for-profit corporate sector grappled with the ramifications of catastrophic failures. In response to these combined crises there has been a movement for greater accountability and responsibility from the public upon the governing boards of the organizations because the primary responsibility for these organizations vests with the board. This renewed interest has inspired this study to further understand how board members describe how they enact their responsibilities …

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Relational Governance: An Evolving Model Responding To Evolving Needs!, Joseph Mandato May 2004

Relational Governance: An Evolving Model Responding To Evolving Needs!, Joseph Mandato

Student Scholarship

Researchers are challenging extant models of nonprofit governance practices. Given an apparent shortfall in effective practice, a deductive study is conducted to determine the impact of a refined management model, relational governance, on outcomes cited in the literature as examples of effective practice. Relational governance emphasizes partnering, advising relationships between board and management and builds on recent nonprofit governance literature while contrasting on several dimensions with the well-known extant model policy governance. A research design is presented for empirically testing the relational governance model by means of a survey instrument made available to the unit of research, current and former …

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The Role Of Trust Between Project Managers And Project Sponsors In Information Technology Projects, Patricia A. Sahm May 2004

The Role Of Trust Between Project Managers And Project Sponsors In Information Technology Projects, Patricia A. Sahm

Student Scholarship

The increase in information technology (IT) projects has brought about related growth in project manager/project sponsor dyads. Although this dyad is acknowledged as important to project success, the nature of the relationship and its impact on project success factors remain under explored. Using 87 project manager/project sponsor dyads, the author of this study analyzed the effects of two interpersonal trust dimensions (cognitive trust and affective trust) on performance and satisfaction outcomes. Results of the data analysis show that project management dyad work is affected by the introduction of interpersonal trust. In particular, cognitive trust has a positive impact on metrics …

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Environmental And Organizational Influences On Corporate Responses To Section 404 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002, Richard R. Clune May 2004

Environmental And Organizational Influences On Corporate Responses To Section 404 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002, Richard R. Clune

Student Scholarship

This study examined company plans for complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 from an institutional theory perspective. Qualitative research methods were employed by interviewing practitioners involved in Section 404 work and academics with research interests close to the subject. Through thematic coding a concept model was developed to illustrate environmental and organizational factors that may affect firms' choices. Strategic choices included actively resisting Section 404, for example, not yet starting to plan for Section 404, minimizing costs associated with compliance efforts, focusing on satisfying the external auditors and actively seeking strategic improvements. The concept model can …

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