Business Commons^™

Letter From The Faculty Editor, Beth Kegley

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Formation Mechanism Of Radical Technological Innovation: An Mlp Approach, Yun Sun, Hecheng Wang, Haiqing Yu, Yong Chen, Mikhail Yu Kataev, Ling Li

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

This paper identifies three stages in the radical technological innovation process, namely formation process in niches, breaking out of niches and entering regimes, and new regime formation. It then adopts Multi-level Perspective (MLP) to explore the formation process, operating mechanism, breakthrough path, and impact factors of radical technological innovation. A three-phase model, which includes formation of radical innovation, breakout of radical innovation, and new regimes construction, is proposed to analyze radical technological innovation. The model is adopted in a case study to analyze the leapfrogging development of technologies in China’s mobile communication industry. This paper enriches technological innovation theory and …

A Review On Covid-19 Related Research In Leading Information Systems Journals, Yuming He, Wenzhuo Li, Xin Tian, Yunfei Xing

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

To identify the key challenges, issues and opportunities affecting individuals, organizations, and society on coping with COVID-19, we reviewed extant research related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the leading information systems journals. Six major research themes and representative literature for each theme are identified by content analysis. The six major research themes include digital transformation, data visualization and artificial intelligence, infodemic and cybersecurity, IT governance, digital divide, and IS research direction in the post-pandemic period. Moreover, we discussed the challenges, current research, and opportunities related to each of the themes. The review provides a snapshot of IS literature on the …

Shareholder Primacy And The Moral Obligations Of Directors, Mark J. Loewenstein, Jay Geyer

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

One of the most written-about and important topics in corporate law is the fiduciary obligations of corporate directors. Increasingly, critics of American capitalism have urged that corporations, and implicitly, corporate directors, act in a more socially responsible fashion and thus eschew the notion that shareholder primacy is the exclusive guide to a director’s fiduciary duty. Under this view, directors must consider the effect of their actions on “stakeholders” other than shareholders and be guided by morality—doing the right thing—when making business judgments.

When directors move away from shareholder primacy, however, decision-making becomes more difficult and problematic. This article analyzes the …

Bending The Investment Advisers Act's Regulatory Arc, Joseph A. Franco

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“IAA”) and its regulatory purview have changed dramatically over the life of the statute. The statute began as a simple registration scheme with barebones conduct integrity prohibitions for wealth managers and purveyors of investment newsletters. Although the statute’s original minimalist cast was deficient, the IAA’s regulatory scope has undergone a fundamental transformation, both in terms of the expanding class of advisers covered by the statute’s substantive provisions and the statute’s expansive structural integrity requirements. Over a span of decades, the IAA’s focus has been reoriented so that it is directed at least as much, …

Humanity Constrains Loyalty: Fiduciary Duty, Human Rights, And The Corporate Decision Maker, Malcolm Rogge

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

This article considers whether the values contained within the idea of human rights have normative priority over economic values as they are inscribed in shareholder-oriented interpretations of the duty of loyalty in corporate law. While stakeholder theorists have sought to expand the ambit of the fiduciary duty—arguing generally that corporate fiduciary law permits managers to take into account a broad range of stakeholder interests—this article shifts the frame of analysis: It proposes that the range of corporate fiduciary loyalty is constrained by human rights as normative values that are distinct from the strictly economic values that are given primacy in …

The Insider Trading Prohibition Act: A Small Step Towards A Codified Insider Trading Law, Kayla Quigley

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Many have called for reform to insider trading law, as the current judge-made doctrine is ambiguous, complicated, and ultimately permissive of many instances of trading on nonpublic information. Indeed, Congress has attempted several times to pass a uniform insider trading statute. Most recently, in December 2019, the House of Representatives passed the Insider Trading Prohibition Act (“ITPA”). The legislation codifies many current principles of insider trading jurisprudence while also expanding potential insider trading liability. Moreover, it attempts to fix gaps in the law that various cases, such as United States v. Newman, have declined to address.

Among other flaws, …

The Seventh Circuit Missed The Bullseye In Walleye, Peter Rosenberg

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

The structure of agency relationships in a transaction should have no bearing on the outcome when the only difference between two hypothetical transactions is solely the facial structure. In the same vein, investor protection is at the forefront of the securities laws; commonly used limiting language for market announcements should not be enough to absolve a company from fraudulent disclosures, e.g., “preliminary results.”

In Walleye Trading LLC v. AbbVie, Inc., a Seventh Circuit decision, the Court did the opposite and found that, based on pleadings at the motion to dismiss stage, an issuer is not liable for the misstatements …

The Effect Of Covid-19 On The Human Capital Management In Start-Ups In Egypt, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Mariam Walid, Shorouk Fouda, Shahjahan Bhuiyan

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Start-ups are institutionally fragile companies that deal with high degrees of risk and uncertainty, especially during short-term shocks, such as COVID-19. This policy brief attempts to identify the needed development in the start-up supporting ecosystem under COVID-19 pandemic, with a special focus on human capital management (HCM), decent work, and labor resilience in start-ups in Egypt. The core question of the paper is: How did COVID-19 pandemic affect the HCM practices in Egyptian start-ups and what is needed for start-ups in Egypt to recover from the crisis and sustain decent jobs and labor resilience?

Board Member Exit Following Analyst Downgrades And Negative Media Coverage, Center For Executive Succession

Research Briefs

Negative media coverage and star analyst downgrades increase likelihood of directors exiting the board by 57% and 30%. • Board chairs were 24% less likely to leave than non-board chairs following star analyst downgrades. • Longer tenured directors were more likely to depart in the face of both negative media coverage (16%) and star analyst downgrades (36%).

Losing Altitude: The Impact Of Asc 842: Leases On The Reported Liquidity Of Large U.S. Airlines, Philip Slater

Doctor of Business Administration Dissertations

The airline industry in the United States represents fertile ground for research due to its susceptibility to extraneous demand shocks such as fuel price hikes, terrorist attacks, and global pandemics coupled with high leverage and high reliance on leasing. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842: Leases became effective January 1^st, 2019, requiring capitalization of the majority of leased assets. This study was motivated by how the act may have affected both reported airline liquidity and attempts to restructure leases to avoid capitalization, which may provide an initial impact. The objective of this study was to examine whether passage of …

Homelessness In The West: Business Improvement Districts As The Strategic Weaponization Of Class Monopoly Rent, Zachary Roger Arms

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

The objective of this study is to examine business improvement districts (BIDs) as a form of class monopoly rent (CMR) within the broader production and spatial management of the ongoing homeless crisis in Seattle Washington. The city of Seattle Washington is home to a plethora of successful and ever-expanding international corporations. Within and around the city the headquarters of tech giants Microsoft and Amazon can be found. The continued success of these companies has had a dramatic impact on the region, bringing in a multitude of high-wage jobs which in turn has created a volatile, cutthroat real estate market. The …

Personal Goal Setting Behavior And Professional Outlooks Of Academic Library Employees, Leo Lo, Amelia Anderson

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Studies indicate correlations between personal goal-setting behaviors, performance and attitude in professional roles. An online study was developed and conducted in 2016 with academic library employees to better understand the goal-setting behavior of library employees in a particular context, via setting New Year’s resolutions, which is defined as "a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner". Results show that nearly half (49.6 percent) of all respondents set New Year’s resolutions in 2016. Goals related to health and fitness topped the list of goals that were set, followed by occupational goals. Of those who felt unclear about …

Corporate Innovation In A World Of Common Ownership, Cheng-Huei Chiao, Bin Qiu, Bin Wang

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of common ownership on corporate innovation, including innovation input, innovation output and postgrant patents.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the ordinary least square model and the difference-in-differences technique to evaluate the effect of institutional interlocking shareholdings on the life cycle of corporate innovation.

Findings

The results show that common ownership impedes innovation measured by patent grants and citations through reduced R&D expenditures. However, common ownership protects postgrant patents by lowering the likelihood that a co-owned firm gets involved in patent litigation and by accelerating the settlement of lawsuits between co-owned …

Counselors, Judges, Or Executioners: The Role Of Financial Analysts In Capital Markets’ Responses To Alleged Fcpa Violations, Jesus R. Jimenez-Andrade, Timothy J. Fogarty, Gregory A. Jonas

Accounting Faculty Publications (Archived)

Academic models grounded in market efficiency and reputational principles argue that market firms value suffer investors punishment as consequence of international bribery allegations. However, there are indicators of potential mispricing when authorities reveal the details of the allegations. To reconcile this phenomenon, this research theorizes the influence of analysts revised expectations as moderators and/or mediators of the relationship between the reputational and economic penalties, and investors’ response. Findings from 124 documented cases (2007 to 2018) suggest that analysts positively moderate (not mediate) the relationship concerning reputational (not economic) penalties and stock returns in the short-term after the press release (three-day …

The Impact Of Effective Leadership In Cross-Functional New Product Development Virtual Teams, Obianuju Obiano

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

The emergence of covid-19 has forced a lot of companies to move to virtual remote work. New product development cross-functional teams who meet often or few times in a year are now compelled to transition fully into virtual remote workplace. The question is how they can function effectively with maximum performance as they did in the traditional environment. This paper's main objective of this paper is to investigate and understand how effective leadership management can influence performance, conflict, and knowledge sharing while enhancing cross-functional new product development virtual teams. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted in this to …

Best Used-Car Selling Service In Us, Sirisha Pola, Jennifer Wagner, Fenny Jin, Pallavi Gusain, Alfonso Herrero

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

During the Covid-19 pandemic, a shift in the way people do things has been seen across many different industries, the automobile industry is not the exception, new car production and distribution has decreased based on the restrictions placed by many countries to ensure the safety of its citizens, this has made it quite difficult on the new car dealerships, in addition, people are seeing that the need for a car has gone down significantly since working from home has become a more and more common. However, there is a sector of the automotive industry that is having a boom, used …

Competitiveness Of Mexico In The Technological Innovation Sector: An Assessment Of The Patents Granted By Mexican Government, Angel Contreras Cruz

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

This paper reviewed the existing literature regarding competitiveness in the technological innovation sector in Mexico. The gaps in the literature were found, and, later, these gaps aided the guidelines of this research. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a comprehensive literature review in the Mexican context and international context. Section 3 describes aspects of competitiveness in Mexico and the role of R&D organizations and universities related to patent activity. Section 4 covers how the patenting system works in Mexico and provides a description of the Mexican patent system. Section 5 explains the methodology used for this research. …

Strategic Management Of Digital Contact Tracing Technologies: Covid-19 And Singapore, Yaya Sirimongkarakorn

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

The emergence of the COVID-19 virus and global health pandemic has sparked a rapid need for new digital solutions. Singapore took a strategic lead by paving the path towards innovating digital contact tracing (DCT) technologies to contain the spread of the virus. The nation’s expedited response and model for DCT has shown to be one that many countries can take example from, regardless of experiencing hurdles in gaining sufficient user uptake initially. The concerns surrounding data security and privacy has fueled the movement for DCT technologies. With the vast majority of the population being involved, many aspects need to be …

Board Of Director Composition: An Examination Of How Director Age And Board Innovation Committees Impact Corporate Social And Financial Performance, Sami Ghaddar

2021

This dissertation explores how director age affects a firm’s social domain, and how board-level oversight of firms’ innovation activities affects financial performance. Specifically, the dissertation points to board configurations that can potentially improve social and financial performance. The first chapter reviews the literature by examining two research streams linking board composition to corporate social performance (CSP) and innovation. The chapter presents the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of these two streams. It details the descriptive and thematic findings and offers an understanding of the different contexts in which board composition relates to both CSP and innovation. This chapter also discusses inconsistencies …

Who Makes Esg? Understanding Stakeholders In The Esg Debate, Matthew Diller, Stephanie Betts, Lorenzo Corte, David M. Silk, Scott V. Simpson, Lisa M. Fairfax, Carmen X. W. Lu, David H. Webber, Leo E. Strine, Jr., Sean J. Griffith

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

No abstract provided.

The Virus, Risk, And Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities: Examining Dodd-Frank’S Impact In The Midst Of A Pandemic, Owen Haney

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

When lawmakers sought to reshape the financial industry through the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010, they specifically attacked the “moral hazard” in the asset-backed securities market that they believed was partly responsible for the collapse of global financial markets. Congress identified several practices in asset-backed securitizations that posed a risk to the world economy. In particular, regulators believed that the “originate-to-distribute” model, whereby loan originators—those parties armed with the best knowledge regarding the quality of the loans in the transaction and who consequently set underwriting standards—could sell off the loans without bearing any risk should those borrowers (homeowners …

Fixing Esg: Are Mandatory Esg Disclosures The Solution To Misleading Ratings?, Javier El-Hage

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

This Note provides an overview of the debate around the current state of ESG disclosure practices, and the perceived need for the SEC to establish a system of mandatory ESG disclosures. Part I explores the inherent difficulty of defining ESG, the problematic nature of quantifying and measuring ESG factors, and the tools currently being used by market-leading ratings firms and investment vehicles. In particular, this part addresses the inconsistencies of ESG self-reporting, the influence of this practice on the ensuing ratings, and the potential for investors to be misled as a result.

Part II of the Note explores the possible …

The Feasibility Of Containerization In The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System, Nick Edwards

Political Science Theses and Capstones

The use of waterways to transport goods has always been a staple of civilization dating back to some of our earliest days. And throughout history it has always played a pivotal role in our economies and affected the very way in which our civilizations developed. Perhaps one of the world's most important waterways is the Great Lakes that lie directly in the heart of the North American continent and connect the heartland of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, providing a vital mode of transportation for shipping a variety of products from North America’s heartland to the rest of …

Transformational Leadership Strategies Small Business Owners And Managers Use To Increase Profitability, Renee Laura Yolande Morris-Phillip

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractEighty-two percent of small businesses fail. Small business failure is essential to the Antiguan local community, as small businesses are the pillar of the Antiguan economy with considerable contributions in employment and economic development. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore transformational leadership strategies small business owners and managers use to increase profitability. The participants comprised five small business owners and managers in Antigua, who effectively used transformational leadership strategies to increase profitability. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and reviews of company artifacts. Data were analyzed using Yin’s five-step data …

Caring For The Caregiver: Second Victim Recovery Following A Serious Medical Error, Beulah Patrice Vance

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 1999, it was estimated that 98,000 deaths were attributed to medical errors and were the fourth most common cause of death in the United States. In 2016, medical errors were estimated as the third leading cause of death, with a mean death rate of 251,454 each year. Nurse involved in errors are known as second victims. Almost one in seven staff members reported that they had experienced a patient safety event within the last year that caused personal problems such as anxiety, depression, or concerns about their ability to perform their job. This project explored whether nurses are able …

Strategies To Decrease Disorder And Diminishing Transit Ridership Through Fare Enforcement, Stephen Matthew Boehm

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractUrban rail transit systems are experiencing a decrease in ridership in part due to the perception of increased crime and disorder. To ensure passengers continue riding rail transportation, agency leaders must develop strategies to decrease crime and disorder caused by fare evasion. Grounded in the Kano model and Lean Six Sigma, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies urban rail transit leaders use to reduce declining ridership associated with a perceived disorder caused by fare evasion. Data were collected using semistructured interviews of six urban rail transit leaders who manage fare enforcement efforts and a review …

Strategies Information Technology Managers Use To Motivate Remote Employees, Jennifer Leonard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some managers are experiencing challenges keeping remote workers motivated. Managers are concerned with motivating remote employees to ensure production levels are met or exceeded. Grounded in Vroom’s expectancy theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies information technology (IT) managers from five organizations in the Southeastern United States used to motivate remote employees. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 5 business leaders, company website information, and other documentation provided by the IT leader. Data analysis involved recognizing frequent phenomena and coding meaningful and common themes, phrases, or key words. Four themes were evident: transformation …

Improving The Quality Of Survey Data: Using Answering Behavior As An Alternative Method For Detecting Biased Respondents, Manasvi Kumar, David Kim, Joseph S. Valacich, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Alan R. Dennis

Faculty Publications

Online surveys are used for collecting self-report data. Despite their prevalent use, data quality problems persist due to various response biases. Here, we demonstrate how participant answering behaviors can be used to identify biased responses. We administered an online survey where participants reported their personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion—two personality dimensions that have been previously shown to be correlated with a propensity to deceive—and were later presented with a scenario to exhibit deceptive behavior. We then generated models to predict deception using the neuroticism and extraversion constructs. Using respondents’ fine-grained mouse movement data when answering these questions, we generated …

Successful Event Fundraising Strategies For Nonprofit Museums, Stacie Barrett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some museum nonprofit organizational leaders are experiencing financial losses. Less than 25% of nonprofit agencies in the United States have enough funds to operate for six months. Museum nonprofit leaders are concerned with financial losses because the decrease in financial support can cause decreased operational funding and prohibit museum nonprofit leaders from carrying out the organizational mission. Grounded in Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore successful event fundraising strategies nonprofit managers use to increase financial support. The participants were three successful nonprofit museum leaders who had fundraising responsibilities. The study …