Business Commons^™

Cover, Front Matter & Editorial Board

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

No abstract provided.

Examining Perceived Justice In Business-To-Consumer E-Commerce: An Organizational Justice Theory Perspective, Wei Sha, Maeve Cummings

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This study examines the existence of perceived justice in business-to-consumer electronic commerce and its influence on consumer intentions. Perceived justice, a construct mainly examined in management and marketing literature, may play an important role in people’s decision making process when they shop online. Prior information system online trust research shed little light on this important issue. Based on the organizational justice, this study proposes that distributive justice, procedural justice, and interaction justice constitute three dimensions of perceived justice in business-to-consumer electronic commerce. The validity of perceived justice is examined in a nomological network with trusting beliefs and purchase intentions

Accounting Ethics: A Reluctant Progression Forward, Rita C. Jones, Kevin Gunnels, Teresa K. Lang

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

Ethics is a discipline that encompasses the moral duties and obligations of individuals as they deal with what is good and bad, and as such, it is the backbone of a civilized society. This paper takes an in-depth look at the philosophical foundations of ethics, especially accounting ethics, and offers proposals to improve ethical oversight and behavior.

A Three Campus Comparison Of Bundled Cellular Telephone Features And The Young Consumer, Jerrold Stark, Joan H. Rumpel, Robert J. Meier, Reginald L. Bell

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

Useable surveys were completed and returned by 507 (174 rural, 156 urban, and 177 Historic Black College and University) consumers at three Midwestern universities. Regression analysis revealed selected demographic variables were predictive of the evaluation of bundled cell phone features; furthermore, stepwise regression models showed among features young consumers reported available on the phones they owned, DIGCAM, EMAIL, WARRANTY, and INSTANTM were significantly predictive (p<.001) of perceptions of importance of digital media bundles on cellular telephones. Moreover, ANOVA tests revealed young consumers’ perceptions of the importance of cellular telephone features were significantly different among rural, urban, and HBCU young consumers, males and females, and among age groups, grade level, and states where cell phones were purchased (p<.05; p<.01; p<.001). Recommendations are offered that could help marketers develop strategic marketing mixes of phone features targeted to young consumers, rural or urban.

Encouraging Undergraduate-Faculty Collaborative Research, Susan B. Anders, Steven C. Hall, Barbara W. Scofield, Robert J. Walsh

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This paper is the result of the authors’ participation in a panel session at the Southwest Regional Meeting of the American Accounting Association in Houston, Texas in March 2008. Robert J. Walsh presented an earlier version of this manuscript at the Northeast Regional Meeting of the American Accounting Association in Newport, Rhode Island in November 2008. The authors wish to recognize the contributions of the program chairs, anonymous reviewers, and panel session participants for their helpful comments and suggestions.

The Perceived Relationship Between Leadership Practices And Job Attitudes In Human Service Organizations, Adrian B. Popa, Anthony C. Andenoro

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This paper contributes to leadership knowledge in the field of child welfare by studying the relationship between agency leadership and caseworker job attitudes. This qualitative study included three focus groups with administrators and caseworkers to explore perceived leadership practices and caseworker job attitudes. Qualitative findings revealed a divergent perception of leadership practices between caseworkers and administrators, while providing specific content representative of both strengths and limitations of agency leadership. Lastly, frontline workers exclusively also perceived a relationship between certain leadership practices and job satisfaction. Findings lead to a number of organizational implications.

Putting Followership On The Map: Examining Followership Styles And Their Relationship With Job Satisfaction And Job Performance, Leonard F. Favara Jr.

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

The legitimacy of followership, as an area of research within organizational psychology is beginning to become more accepted. This study was designed to examine followership styles and their relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. This non-experimental study employed a quantitative survey design with a set of surveys returned representing 131 employees at a Midwestern automotive engineering and manufacturing company. The three standardized instruments used in this study include the Followership Questionnaire (Kelley, 1992), the Job in General Scale (Ironson, Smith, Brannick, Gibson, & Paul, 1989), and the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors scale (Williams & Anderson, 1991). Findings indicate that a …

Contrasting The Effects Of Leadership Styles On Different Workgroups – An Empirical Study On Employee Perceptions Of Justice, Leader Credibility, And Group Commitment, Kevin J. Hurt, Jun Sun

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This study examined the effects of contrasting leadership styles on the behavior of team members in different group settings. Two leadership styles (directive and transformational) and two types of teams (functional and cross-functional) were controlled in an experiment to assess their impact on perceptions of procedural and interpersonal justice. The subsequent impact of procedural and interpersonal justice perceptions on leadership credibility and group commitment were also examined. The results suggested that leadership style and group type have different effects on team member’s perceptions of procedural justice and interpersonal justice. Leadership credibility was found to fully mediate the effects of procedural …

Finishing Well: Investigating Despair In Retired Leaders, Michelle L. Kilbourne

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

Due to conflicting information in the literature, the purpose of this research is to determine whether retired leaders experience despair or a loss of hope. This study interviewed eight male retired leaders, ranging in age from 60 to 82 and retired 1. 5 to 12 years, using a semi-structured interview guide. By analyzing question summaries, this research provided retirement insights from both organizational and individual perspectives. From an organizational perspective, this research builds upon the four exit strategies for organizational leaders, defined by Sonnenfeld 1988 as monarchs, generals, ambassadors, and governors. This research indicates the existence of a fifth exit …

The Community As Our Classroom: Student Feedback On Community Based Learning Exercises, Christina Mccale, Richard D. Moody, Melissa Nix

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

Business faculty have often shied away from “service learning” activities, commenting on “what’s serving soup in a kitchen have to do with (fill in the blank course topic)?” The reaction is understandable: if faculty do not see the connection between activities students are asked to do and the course material then the students certainly won’t see it. Given the myriad of experiential educational options available to educators to enhance the classroom environment professors do not have to feel locked in to one pedagogical method or another. In the classes examined in this study, faculty and staff of a college in …

The Nominating Committee As An Antecedent Of Effective Corporate Governance, Brooke Stanley, Steven A. Frankforter, Bret Becton

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

In this paper, we examine a possible antecedent to board effectiveness – the presence of a nominating committee. We argue that director cooptation by CEOs, and therefore ineffectual governance, may result from allowing CEOs to appoint sympathetic directors. Thus, because outside independent board members are more likely to be effective in their roles as monitors of the CEO, and because such members are more likely to have been selected by nominating committees, measures of board effectiveness should be positively associated with the presence of a nominating committee. Our results are largely consistent with our hypotheses, and are thus instructive in …

Cover, Front Matter & Editorial Board

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

No abstract provided.

International Business Networks And Partnerships Development: A Case Of Chinese Market Development Strategies By U.S. Agricultural Companies, Jiajiang Peng, Mark Russell, Roger Tormoehlen, B. Allen Talbert

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

There is a great need to be familiar with creating business networks and partnerships in China by U. S. businesses. The research objectives were to identify the strategies on how to build business networks and partnerships in China and evaluate the importance of those strategies in the development of an effective Chinese market by U. S. agricultural companies. By identifying the strategies and their importance, educators can better assist in the development of educational training programs. A three-round Delphi study was conducted in this study. Thirty-seven (37) panel members completed the first round survey with 34 of them completing the …

The Practical Application Of Transformational Theory Vs. Complexity Leadership Theory On The Challenges Of Leading Information Technology (It) Software Development Teams, Jodine Burchell

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

Since the turn of the 20th century many leadership theories have emerged and evolved over time. Transformational leadership is one of the older, more prominent theories and has been used in organizations and in political arenas for many years. Complexity leadership theory, on the other hand, is relatively new in practice and academia. To date, there is very little literature addressing the similarities and differences between the transformational and complexity leadership theories as well as their comparative value in organizational contexts. Both the Complexity Leadership and Transformational Leadership theories are presented and the similarities and differences of each theory are …

Self-Leadership And Self-Regulated Learning: An Investigation Of Theoretical Relationships, Angela M. James

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the behavior, motivation, and cognitive dimensions of self-leadership and self-regulated learning. This quantitative study used the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire measuring self-leadership, and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, Second Edition measuring self-regulated learning, to collect data. The sample was drawn from the undergraduate college student population of one small private university. The Pearson product moment correlation results indicated several weak-to-moderate relationships between self-leadership and self-regulated learning behavior, motivation, and cognitive strategy dimensions. This was a first attempt to compare the two self-regulation theories; the results indicate that SL and …

Moral Reasoning And Moral Behavior Among Incoming First-Year Business Students: An Exploratory Study, Aaron A. Buchko, Kathleen J. Buchko

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This study examined the moral reasoning and behavior of 177 incoming first-year business students. The students were presented with a realistic situation – an attempted hostile takeover of a corporation. Students were placed into one of three alternative scenarios as shareholders of the corporation – small investor, large investor, or a mutual fund manager – and viewed a portion of the film, “Other People’s Money, ” as two actors argued for differing perspectives regarding the corporation. Students were then asked to vote their “shares, ” and to provide an explanation for their behavior. The results indicated that incoming first-year students …

Formal Academic Disciplinary Actions And Entry Into The Accounting Profession, Mark Linville

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

This paper examines whether formal academic disciplinary actions are considered by state boards when a candidate applies for the CPA exam. Because of the importance of ethics to the accounting profession, careful screening of entrants to the profession seems warranted. As more colleges and universities adopt honor codes with formalized systems to adjudicate alleged violations, it seems that the profession should capture this information from the applicants to the CPA exam. I examine the initial application form from all the boards of accountancy. I find only one state which directly asks about academic disciplinary actions and few others who have …

Exploring The Role Of Spirituality Within Intense Interpersonal Conflicts, Dennis C. Rittle

Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012)

The foundation for determining the approach to manage interpersonal conflict extends across two poles of consideration: the concern for self and the concern for others. This assumption has influenced the calculated response people would exhibit when experiencing an intense interpersonal conflict. However, recent findings within the realm of spirituality challenge these foundational assumptions. Spirituality literature contends that individuals may place substantial emphasis upon transcendent concerns rather than temporal concerns such as self and others. This study explores whether spirituality plays a role in the conflict management process through a phenomenological research investigation. The researcher interviewed 10 participants, who served as …

Data Warehousing And Business Intelligence Skills For Information Systems Graduates: Analysis Based On Marketplace Demand, A. Shirani, Maria Malu H. Roldan

Faculty Publications, Information Systems & Technology

In an effort to keep information systems (IS) curriculum current with emerging technologies, this research reports the result of a survey of marketplace demand for database, data warehousing and business intelligence skills. Sample job and skills data were obtained from Dice.com’s online postings for jobs that required a bachelor’s degree in IS or equivalent qualifications. Cluster analysis revealed some skill overlap among the three job categories. Significant skills for each category of jobs, along with skill and vendor rankings, are reported.

Comparing The Effectiveness Of Public Vs. Private Blogging In A Management Information Systems Strategy Course, Maria Malu H. Roldan, A. Shirani

Faculty Publications, Information Systems & Technology

This paper reports on a study of the use of blogs to support a Management Information Systems Strategy class requiring higher level thinking skills. Comparison of the use of private vs. public blogs showed that public sites were more effective in providing students with the skills to assess the potential of emerging technologies and to integrate blogs into their daily activities.

Using Information Noise To Compute The Economic Benefit Of A Search Service, Shailaja Venkatsubramanyan, Stephen K. Kwan

Faculty Publications, Information Systems & Technology

Search services are now ubiquitously employed in searching for documents on the Internet and on enterprise intranets. Search services may exhibit different behavior depending on the type of information need, the quality of the search service, the ease of filtering results, the user’s domain knowledge and search experience. Users are thus faced with the selection of a search service in order to minimize cost, reduce uncertainty, and maximize the benefits derived for their efforts. This research develops a model of the search process and considers the noise effects of querying, search and filtering of results to derive a benefit measure …

The Role Of Authentic Leadership And Cultural Intelligence In Cross-Cultural Contexts: An Objectivist Perspective, Gretchen Vogelgesang Lester, R. Clapp-Smith, N. Palmer

Faculty Publications, School of Management

Cultural adaptation in cross-cultural situations is an integral part of international management and leadership literature. However, there has been little theory or empirical research that takes into account the objectivist perspective of the necessity of leaders remaining true to their moral standards when operating in different host-cultures. We draw upon the authentic leadership and cultural intelligence literatures to explicate a model by which authentic leaders in a cross-cultural context can find a balance in the tension between their own deeply held values and those of the host-country’s culture.

Managing Work-Family Conflict: Exploring Individual And Organizational Options, Chester S. Spell, J. Haar, M. O'Driscoll

Faculty Publications, School of Management

No abstract provided.

A Heuristic For Marketing-Production Decisions In Industrial Channels Of Distribution, Arvinder S. Loomba, K. R. Kumar

Faculty Publications, School of Management

No abstract provided.

The Alliance Formation Puzzle And Capacity Constraints, Kai A. Konrad, Dan Kovenock

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

The formation of an alliance in conflict situations is known to suffer from a collective action problem and from the potential of internal conflict. We show that budget constraints of an intermediate size can overcome this strong disadvantage and explain the formation of alliances.

Competition For Fdi With Vintage Investment And Agglomeration Advantages, Kai A. Konrad, Dan Kovenock

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Countries compete for new FDI investment, whereas stocks of FDI generate agglomeration benefits and are potentially subject to extortionary taxation. We study the interaction between these aspects in a simple vintage capital framework with discrete time and an infinite horizon, focussing on Markov perfect equilibrium. We show that the equilibrium taxation destabilizes agglomeration advantages. The agglomeration advantage is valuable, but is exploited in the short run. The tax revenue in the equilibrium is substantial, and higher on “old” FDI than on “new” FDI, even though countries are not allowed to use discriminatory taxation. If countries can provide fiscal incentives for …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 51 Number 3, Winter 2009, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

18 - EVERYTHING IS ILLUMINATED By Christine Cole. For the first time since the invention of the printing press, artists have put quill pen to paper to hand-write-in calligraphy-the Bible in its entirety. The result is a wonder to behold. And available to readers and gazers at Santa Clara.

24 - HOLD THE LINE By David McKay Wilson. At Harlem's Frederick Douglass Academy, basketball coach Pat Mangan '84 has built a legendary program by making sure his players have their priorities straight. Family first. School second. Then hoops.

28 - LESSONS IN DIPLOMACY. By Sam Scott '96. How Bob LaMonte …

All For One & One For All: Understanding Servant Leadership, Michael E. Cafferky

Faculty Works

What’s a Leader to Do?

Here are some guidelines to help you balance the tension between the individual and the group.

1. Pray for God to give you wisdom from thoughts others have to share as well as your own thoughts.

2. Take each situation as a process that is unfolding, and remain open to consider the needs of the organization and the needs of the individual as these come to be understood.

3. See in every complicated leadership situation the opportunity to explore your own humility by sharing leadership with followers.

4. Recognize that in every complicated leadership situation, …

Strategic M&A’S: Stronger In Tough Times?, Carol M. Sanchez, Stephen R. Goldberg

Peer Reviewed Articles

Global acquisitions were worth $6.5 billion in the first quarter of 2008, were down 44% from the previous quarter, and down 41% from the first quarter of 2007.1 But the value of strategic M&As dropped less, only 33%, while the number of deals rose 8%, and cross-border deals represented 38% of the total value of global M&As. Kroll argues that strategic M&As, while likely to experience some drop in volume in 2008 and until the credit crisis bottoms out, will withstand the pressures of financial markets much better than financial M&As. Strategic M&As are deals conducted by companies that want …

The Entrepreneurial Motivations Of Nonemployer Entrepreneurs, Robert Barbato, Richard Demartino, Paul H. Jacques

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

A nonemployer business is one that has no paid employees.The number and revenues of nonemployer businesses are increasing at a faster rate than other businesses, and they are an increasingly important alternative to other forms of entrepreneurship.Yet very little is known about these businesses. This study uses a survey of 1,600 MBA alumni to compare the entrepreneurial motivations of nonemployer entrepreneurs to conventional entrepreneurs and no entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that nonemployer entrepreneurs differ in important ways, and future research is needed to understand more fully this large and important group of entrepreneurs.