Business Commons^™

Editorial, Julia Coffman

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Archetypes Of Ai Adoption: A Snapshot In Time Of Philanthropic Practice, Grace Lyn Higdon, Linda Raftree

The Foundation Review

The authors identified four archetypes describing philanthropic funders’ approach to AI: The Curious, The Doers, The Dreamers, The Skeptics.

The authors did not find major differences found across foundations based on their geographic location, though there were differences found based on their mission and values. Feminist and social justice funders in the Global South demonstrated more skepticism than others.

Even in seemingly benign or straightforward applications, AI systems demonstrate unpredictable behavior, leading to most foundations proceeding with caution.

The rapid pace of AI has meant that formal AI policies are rare, though foundations align on some common “red lines” that …

Deepening Our Understanding Of Resilience: How Evaluation Can Contribute, Michael Quinn Patton

The Foundation Review

Resilience is the capacity to experience a significant shock and adapt as needed to survive and move forward. The current age is one of constant system shocks economically, environmentally, and politically. Resilience becomes essential for navigating these and other risks.

Individuals, organizations, communities, and ecosystems manifest different degrees and types of resilience requiring appropriately matched evaluation responses. In considering new directions for philanthropic evaluation, this article offers for the first time an overarching framework of four different responses to system shocks and disruptions. This leads to four different evaluation criteria: continuity, adaptation, innovation, and capitulation.

In addition to the long-term …

Philanthropy As Risk Capital: Shaping Trust And Learning At The Speed Of Ai, Nina Sabarre, Clara Bennett, Laura Chavez-Varela

The Foundation Review

As artificial intelligence rapidly reshapes society, philanthropy is increasingly called to act as "risk capital" for the public good. But risk alone is not enough. Without rigorous, field-wide learning, philanthropy's bold bets may remain isolated and short-sighted, failing to catalyze the systemic change this moment demands.

This article draws on three sources of learning at Omidyar Network—an evaluation of The Tech We Want initiative, external strategy consultations with 29 stakeholders, and early learnings from a generative AI portfolio—to identify how philanthropy can uniquely "de-risk" AI innovation for collective benefit.

Through trust-based partnerships, ecosystem infrastructure support, and narrative change, these learning …

When Shift Happens: Navigating Toward A Framework For Responsible Philanthropic Exits, Laila Bell, Stephanie Teleki, Jaime Vazquez

The Foundation Review

Philanthropy can be a powerful force for social change, with influence extending far beyond the funding period. When foundations decide to cease funding in a specific area, how they exit can significantly impact the field they are leaving in both the short- and long-term. A poorly executed exit risks blindsiding grant partners and communities, damaging key relationships, undermining progress, and potentially leaving the field worse off than it was found. In contrast, a responsible exit can help the work continue long after the foundation ceases its funding.

What defines a responsible exit? In this article, learning leaders at three different …

Case Study: Using Ai To Design More Effective, Efficient, And Equity Focused Grant Application Review Processes, Emily Yu, Bryan Speelman

The Foundation Review

Grants fuel millions of organizations and advance social innovation across sectors. In the United States, foundations and corporations respectively awarded $103.5B and $36.5B to nonprofits in 2023 alone (Childress, 2024; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2024).

By extension, grant applications play a critical role in how grant recipients are identified and selected. While many funders are eager for more streamlined and equitable processes to review grant applications, the process remains primarily a manual and time consuming one (Hewlett Foundation, 2021). These factors leave some funders implementing grant application processes potentially at odds with their impact goals. Examples include restricting who …

The Role Of Participative Leadership In Enhancing Strategic Foresight, Ali Mawat Al-Sudani, Hadeel Kadhm Saeed, Iftikhar Abdhussein Kataa

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Research diagnoses the role of Participative leadership in enhancing strategic foresight in the General Directorate of Education in the First Rusafa. To explain the influential relationships between the research variables and achieve the main objective of the research, a hypothetical model was developed in light of which a set of hypotheses were formulated. To test them, the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to complete the research by using the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information, which was distributed to the research sample, which included several managers (department manager and division officials) in the General Directorate …

An Examination Of Brand Avoidance Among Consumers Of Membership Business Models, Cara Peters, Bradley W. Brooks

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

The purpose of this study is to examine how the increasingly prevalent business membership model is linked to potential brand avoidance. Based on a qualitative examination of consumer complaints from two organizations that utilize membership business models, this research demonstrates how consumer complaints are highly consistent with established brand avoidance antecedents. The findings offer a cautionary warning to business decision-makers who manage membership business models with consumers as well as to those who are considering implementing such an approach. The implications for these decision-makers are discussed.

Is Political Information Over Facebook Credible? A Look At The 2020 Presidential Election, Kristina Harrison, Shawn Thelen, Boonghee Yoo, John B. Ford

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Much controversy still exists surrounding the events before, during, and after the 2020 U.S. presidential election. Some of this is attributable to voters’ uncertainty, driven by conflicting messages transmitted over social media, about the credibility of information surrounding the candidates and election results. Examining data collected shortly before the 2020 election, this study investigates how consumers perceive political information presented on Facebook. Drawing from Source Credibility Theory and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the research tests a model that includes medium dependency, medium interactivity, information quality, information presentation, personal expertise, and power perception. Data from 407 participants were analyzed using …

The Role Of Apparel In College Student Athletic Affiliation, Robin Hardin, Michelle L. Childs

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Athletics is often considered the virtual front porch of a university, as it is often the most recognizable aspect of a college or university. This study examines how college students use apparel to affiliate with their university’s athletic brand. Results revealed three key factors influencing athletic-related merchandise preference: fashionable appeal, uniqueness, and official merchandise. Further analysis found that merchandise featuring official logos, colors, and recognizable branding elements significantly enhances consumers’ ability to associate with the university’s athletics brand. Gender differences emerged in preferences for fashionable items, with men showing greater interest. These findings provide valuable insights for marketers and university …

Decoding The Dynamics Of Ceo Sociopolitical Activism And Stakeholders’ Response, Nayyer Naseem, Yuqi Wang, Faraz Moin

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Business leaders today function as powerful symbolic figures whose sociopolitical stances can transform consumer loyalty, investor confidence, and organizational stability. This study decodes how stakeholders interpret executive actions and respond through behaviors such as boycotts, divestment, or heightened advocacy, highlighting both short and long-term consequences. Drawing on signaling, stakeholder, social identity, social influence, intrinsic motivation, and reputational risk theoretical frameworks, this study develops a four-stage interpretive model that links leadership behavior to stakeholder perceptions, reactions, and market outcomes within varying contextual and environmental conditions. Through a case-based analysis, it illustrates how CEO stance, media framing, and ideological alignment shape these …

The Rhetoric Of Conceptual Metaphors In The Textbook Al-'Arabiyya Bayna Yadayk For Non-Native Speakers: A Cognitive Approach, Fawzi Ali Ali Soileh

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research, entitled The Rhetoric of Conceptual Metaphors in the Textbook Al-'Arabiyya Bayna Yadayk for Non-Native Speakers: A Cognitive Approach, aims to examine the textbook prescribed for non-native learners at King Khalid University. The study explores the communicative dimension and the cognitive power that contributed to the construction of the book, in an attempt to answer a fundamental composite question: How did the cognitive mind construct its own metaphorical world within Al-'Arabiyya Bayna Yadayk? And what conceptual metaphors extended their influence in shaping this textbook? The key finding is the experts' sound awareness in addressing the needs of this diverse …

The Extent To Which Kindergarten Teachers Accept The Use Of Augmented Reality Supported By Artificial Intelligence In Active Learning, Mona Hashim Mohsen Alzahrani, Zahra Mohammed Al Bahl Alqahtani

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed to examine kindergarten teachers' acceptance of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported Augmented Reality (AR) in active learning environments. Using a descriptive-analytical method, a questionnaire was designed to measure teachers' attitudes, readiness, and awareness of benefits and challenges. The tool was applied to a sample of 150 teachers from public and private kindergartens in Abha and Khamis Mushait during the academic year 1446 AH. Findings revealed a moderate-to-high level of acceptance, as most teachers recognized the effectiveness of AI and AR in motivating children, simplifying abstract concepts, and enhancing interaction. Intensive training emerged as the most significant factor in …

The Reality Of Postgraduate Programs Strategic Orientations At Bisha University And Mechanisms For Their Development In Light Of Local And International Experiences (A Comparative Study), Wafaa Abdullah Farhan Al-Amari

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study analyzes the strategic orientations of postgraduate educational programs at the University of Bisha and compares them with local and international universities to propose developmental mechanisms based on leading practices. The research employed a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, using a questionnaire distributed to 244 faculty members as experts, along with content analysis of strategic plans, official documents, and university websites. Findings indicated that the University of Bisha's strategic orientations were rated highly, with a mean score of 4.41 and an agreement percentage of 88.28%. However, the similarity with local and international universities was moderate, with a mean of 3.369 …

The Role Of Administrative Leadership And Strategic Management In Improving The Responsiveness Of Health Systems To Pandemics: An Analysis Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Experience, Naseem Abdulghaffar Saeed Bazuhair

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims to understand the role of strategic administrative leadership in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the health policies and strategic planning adopted by health systems to ensure the continuity of medical services and adapt to the rapid changes of the pandemic. The research addresses key strategies such as establishing emergency centres, coordinating between hospitals, developing standardized care and isolation protocols, and ensuring the availability of medical supplies and vaccines. It also emphasizes practices for maintaining the continuity of health services, including separating COVID-19 departments from other services, enhancing the use of digital solutions and telemedicine, and …

Impact Of The Use Of Chabot On The Development Of Digital Skills - Female Students At Hail University College Of Education, Wadha Shabib Ali Alotaibi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The present study aims to identify the impact of using Chatbot on the development of digital skills among female education students at Hail University. The study used the quasi-experimental approach. The sample consisted of (50) female students who were divided into two equivalent groups: control and experimental, and the research tool was the achievement test to measure the cognitive aspect, and an observation card to measure the performance aspect. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (a <= 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control group in the post-test application of both the achievement test to measure the cognitive aspect of digital skills, and the observation card for the performance aspect of digital skills, all differences were in favor of the students in the experimental group. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (a <= 0.05) in the evaluation of the students of the College of Education at the University of Hail of the observation card for using the chatbot robot in developing the performance aspect of digital skills attributed to the variables: (academic level and training courses). The study recommended conducting research related to interactive chats.

The Pragmatic Mechanisms In King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud's Discourse: A Pragmatic Analysis Of The Shura Council Speech (Third Year - Eighth Session), Hejab Bin Mohammad Alqahtani

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims to analyze the royal speech delivered by King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud at the opening of the third year of the eighth session of the Shura Council (1444H), through a pragmatic lens that reveals the underlying structure of political language in the Saudi context. It adopts a pragmatic discourse analysis approach, focusing on speech acts, deixis, presuppositions, implicatures, and argumentation, supported by quantitative representation. The findings indicate the strategic use of pragmatic tools in the speech: seventeen speech acts, fifteen deictic expressions, nine presuppositions, six implicatures, and eleven instances of argumentation. This reflects a deliberate and …

The Challenges Of Implementing The School-Based Empowerment Educational Supervisory Model, Rajeh Abdullah Alshehri

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The study aimed to identify the level of challenges facing the implementation of the school-based empowerment educational supervisory model. The researcher employed the descriptive survey method, utilizing a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of supervisors, school principals, and teachers in Makkah region, totaling 421 participants. The questionnaire covered three main domains: administrative challenges, technical challenges, and societal challenges. The results revealed that participants rated the level of challenges to effective implementation of the new supervisory model as high across all three domains. The most prominent administrative challenges were the variation in different school environments and its expected impact on …

The Level Of Psychological Well-Being And Its Relationship To Psychological Exhaustion And Some Demographic Variables Among Kindergarten Teachers In Jazan Region, Salwa Saeed Musaad Al-Harbi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The current research aims to identify the level of psychological well-being and psychological exhaustion among kindergarten teachers, reveal the nature of the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological exhaustion, verify the differences in psychological well-being attributed to the variables of age and marital status, and reveal the possibility of predicting psychological exhaustion through the dimensions of psychological well-being among kindergarten teachers in the Jazan region. The researcher used the descriptive correlational predictive approach, as the research sample consisted of (202) female teachers; from kindergarten teachers in the Jazan region, who were selected by a simple random method during the academic …

Chatgpt In Teaching English As A Foreign Language: Teacher And Learner Perspectives, Sameiha Alhussain N Khawaji

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates ChatGPT as a supplementary tool in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education through surveys of 150 teachers and 350 learners in Asia, Europe and Latin America. Results show that ChatGPT improves language proficiency by providing personalized feedback, conversational fluency (72% of users reported improvement), writing scores by 22% and vocabulary through contextualized practice. Teachers found it useful for lesson planning and administrative tasks. However, challenges such as plagiarism risks (15% of cases), occasional inaccuracies and cultural insensitivities especially in idiomatic and formal language use require ethical guidelines and human oversight. For example, Asian participants noted mismatches …

A Proposed Educational Unit Based On Design Thinking To Develop The Ability To Be Creative And Creative Problem Solving Among Female Students In The Early Childhood Social Studies Course At Umm Al-Qura University, Safiah Ahmed Salem Aldegeel

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a proposed educational unit based on design thinking in enhancing creativity and creative problem-solving skills among students enrolled in the Early Childhood Social Studies course at Umm Al-Qura University. The research problem was articulated in the following question: What is the effectiveness of a proposed educational unit based on design thinking in enhancing creativity and creative problem-solving skills among students of the Early Childhood Social Studies course at Umm Al-Qura University? The study employed a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-test/post-test design, applied to a sample of 50 students …

Beautiful Articulation In Confirming Ali's Commendation Of The Companions In Nahj Al-Balagha: An Inductive-Analytical Study, Ghazwa Suliman Awad Alanazi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates Ali ibn Abi Talib's (may Allah be pleased with him) perspective on the Companions, particularly the Muhajirun and Ansar, as presented in Nahj al-Balagha, aiming to clarify his relationship with them and address a central point of Sunni-Shi'a divergence. Employing inductive and analytical approaches, it scrutinizes narrations attributed to Ali. Key findings reveal: (1) Nahj al-Balagha, compiled by al-Sharif al-Radi, holds prominence among Shi'a, yet Sunnis question its authenticity due to the lack of verifiable chains of transmission; (2) Ali consistently praised the Companions as exemplars of devotion and asceticism; (3) He specifically extolled the Muhajirun for …

The Relative Contribution Of Self-Regulation In Predicting Academic Quality Of Life Among A Sample Of Graduate Students At King Abdulaziz University, Dalal Mufrih Al-Muqati

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The current study aimed to examine the relationship between academic quality of life and self-regulation, as well as the relative contribution of self-regulation in predicting academic quality of life among a sample of graduate students at King Abdulaziz University. The study sample consisted of 400 students from the Faculty of Arts (150 male and 250 female students). To measure the research variables, the researcher used the Academic Quality of Life Scale developed by Okasha and Al-Zoghbi (2019) and the Self-Regulation Scale developed by Al-Tarabsheh and Al-Shuqran (2017). The results indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between academic quality of life …

Scoring Accuracy And Differential Rater Functioning Of Large Language Models (Llms) In Evaluating Short Student Essays Under Different Conditions: A Simulation Study, Majed Mahmoud Ajoudeh

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and differential rater functioning (DRF) of LLMs in scoring short essays, based on synthetically generated data of 270 essays with varying quality. The LLMs scored the essays under three prompting conditions: without a rubric, with a brief rubric, and with a detailed rubric. Human benchmark ratings were also generated in comparison with the automated scores. The results showed that using detailed rubric improved accuracy and consistency with human raters. Regression analysis further revealed differential rater functioning: the LLMs were more likely to award higher scores to longer essays, favored indirect writing styles, and …

The Impact Of An E-Training Program Based On Sustainable Professional Development On Enhancing Early Childhood Female Teachers' Confidence In Integrating Technology Into Teaching, Ensaf Nasser Abdulmohsen Al Mulhim

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The study aimed to examine the impact of an e-training program based on sustainable development in enhancing early childhood teachers' confidence in integrating technology into teaching. The sample consisted of (30) teachers enrolled in the Master of Early Childhood program at King Faisal University. A quasi-experimental design with pre-post testing was employed, using the "Technology Integration Confidence" scale, and data were analyzed with a t-test. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the sustainable development-based e-training program in boosting teachers' confidence in technology integration. Thus, this study provides practical evidence for professional development designers on the importance of incorporating sustainability-based e-training …

Divine Affirmation And The Prophet's Consolation During Times Of Trial: An Analytical Study Of The Objectives Of Tribulation In The Holy Qur'an, Ahmad Bin Ali Al-Zamli

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study seeks to uncover the profound theological dimensions of the Qur'anic concept of the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) consolation, through an analytical examination of selected verses that manifest divine psychological support and reinforcement during moments of missionary adversity and intellectual challenge. It investigates the mechanisms of divine affirmation as a central means of cultivating doctrinal steadfastness and safeguarding the prophetic message in the face of evolving trials. Adopting an integrative, textually grounded analytical methodology, the research is anchored in the thematic pillars of monotheism, divine decree, faith in the unseen, and the Hereafter. It draws upon the …

The Impact Of Genai-Based Training On Developing Digital Skills And Achievement Motivation: A Quasi-Experimental Study On The Design Of E-Newspapers Among College Of Media Students At Taibah University, Sahar Salem Alghanmi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims to reveal such impact among female students in the College of Media at Taibah University. The study approached a quasi-experimental method with a single group of (42) female undergraduate students studying in courses related to designing electronic newspapers. The study materials included a training program designed according to the ADDIE instructional design model. It also relied on two tools for data collection: the first is a pre-and-post measure aimed at measuring achievement motivation, and the second is a performance evaluation card that focused on analysing the extent to which the students mastered the previously specified skills. The …

The Level Of Teaching Performance Among Islamic Studies Female Teachers In Light Of The Principles Of Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory: A Perspective From The School Evaluation Team, Atared Hassan Mohammad Kaki

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The present study aimed to assess the teaching performance of Islamic Studies female teachers in light of the principles of Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory, as viewed by school evaluators in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. It also sought to identify statistically significant differences in the participants' evaluations of teaching performance levels, attributed to the variables of educational stage, years of experience, and job grade. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, employing an observation checklist as a tool for data collection from a random sample of 162 Islamic Studies teachers. The checklist comprised 11 indicators for evaluating teaching performance. The results revealed that the …

Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi's (D.745ah) Methodological Rules In Grammar Lessons, The Term (Correct) In His Book Al-Tadheel Wa Al-Takmeel As A Model, An Analytical Study, Mohammad Abdullah Al-Mazzah

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research aims to identify the methodology adopted by Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi in his book "Al-Tadhiyal wa al-Takmil" for correction, through a descriptive and analytical study that traces the mechanisms of correction and weighting in his treatment of grammatical issues, and the extent of his adherence to the methodological controls he set for himself. The research begins with an introduction explaining the importance of the research, its problems and objectives, and previous studies, followed by a preface on the importance of judgmental terms in Arabic grammar. The first section focuses on defining the concepts of "correct" and 'weighting' in grammatical …

Singapore's Pre-Service Teacher Training System: A Comparative Study For Improving Saudi Arabia's Teacher Preparation Programs, Mohammed Awad Alasmrai

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study sought to explore opportunities for leveraging Singapore's distinguished pre-service teacher education model and assessing its applicability within the Saudi context. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the research compared teacher preparation systems in both countries, drawing on official documents, educational literature, and insights from 82 educational experts. The findings highlighted the excellence of Singapore's model, which is built on an effective tripartite partnership between the National Institute of Education, the Ministry of Education, and schools. This system features competitive admission standards and comprehensive training programs that integrate cognitive, skill-based, and behavioral dimensions. In contrast, Saudi Arabia's system involves multiple supervisory …