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Full-Text Articles in Business

The Extent Of Understanding And Use ‎Of Accounting Information By Individual ‎Investors In Baghdad Stock Exchange, Majid Hatf, Firas Al-‎Zubaidi Nov 2021

The Extent Of Understanding And Use ‎Of Accounting Information By Individual ‎Investors In Baghdad Stock Exchange, Majid Hatf, Firas Al-‎Zubaidi

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of accounting information on the investor’s ‎decision in Baghdad stock exchange. ‎ It also aims at determining the extent to which the investors rely on such information in ‎making investment decisions in company’s shares.‎ A sample of 46 investors was drawn and a questionnaire was used to gather the data of the ‎study. ‎ The results of the study indicated that the investors understand the accounting information ‎and realize its importance regardless of other information sources (non - financial) that might ‎affect their decisions, especially stock advisory, market lists, magazines …

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Explanation Of “Lamyaat Al-Arab” By ‎Al-Muayyad Bin Abdul Latif Al-‎Naqjwani, Mahmoud Al-Amoudi Nov 2021

Explanation Of “Lamyaat Al-Arab” By ‎Al-Muayyad Bin Abdul Latif Al-‎Naqjwani, Mahmoud Al-Amoudi

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

This research investigates the book “SharhLameyet Al - arab” by Al moayed Bin Abdullatif Al - ‎nagjawani It contains a biography of Al - shanfara. Interpretations of the poem are included. It ‎explicates Al - nagjawani's approach of interpretation and investigation

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Job Values In Public Service: ‎A Field Study Of Karak ‎Governorate Employees, Tahseen Tarawneh, Aktham Al-‎Sarayreh Nov 2021

Job Values In Public Service: ‎A Field Study Of Karak ‎Governorate Employees, Tahseen Tarawneh, Aktham Al-‎Sarayreh

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

هدفت الدراسة إلى تشخيص قيم بمحافظة الكرك ومقارنة آراء الرؤساء بآراء المرؤوسين وآراء الإناث بآراء الذكور حول القيم ‏الوظيفية ودراسة أثر المؤهل العلمي والعمر على القيم الوظيفية وشملت الدراسة (21) إدارة حكومية مبينة في جدول (1) ملحق ‏‏(ب) وقد أجاب عن الأسئلة (254) موظفا. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أهم النتائج التالية :‏ ‏1- يوجد (12) قيمة مشتركة بين العاملين حيث كانت أهمها (أسعى لتوفير الأمن لعائلتي ). ‏ ‏2- اختلفت إجابات الإناث عن إجابات الذكور وكانت متوسطات إجابات الإناث أعلى من متوسطات إجابات الذكور على جميع ‏مستويات القيم الوظيفية .‏ ‏3- اختلفت إجابات الرؤساء عن إجابات المرؤوسين حول مجموعة القيم المشتركة …

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The Demand For Money In Jordan: ‎Evidence From Cointegrartion ‎Analysis, Manhal Shotar Nov 2021

The Demand For Money In Jordan: ‎Evidence From Cointegrartion ‎Analysis, Manhal Shotar

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The goal of this paper is to investigate the money demand function in Jordan by employing the ‎cointegration analysis proposed by Engle and Granger, and extended by Johansen. By using ‎Johansen procedure the relative importance of each variable explaining the money demand ‎function is identified.‎ Generally it was found that all suggested variables are nonstationary. This consequently sheds ‎some doubts on previous studies based on conventional methods of estimation. Also, the ‎study found that there exists a long run relationship among money income and interest rate

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The Profession And Its Impact ‎On Efficiency In Islamic ‎Marriage Contracts, Muhammad Bani ‎Sale Nov 2021

The Profession And Its Impact ‎On Efficiency In Islamic ‎Marriage Contracts, Muhammad Bani ‎Sale

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The researcher arrived at the following decisions and recommendations: ‎ ‎1-‎ Taking into account the environmental and living near ness between the couple ( ‎husband and wife ) as well as their families which lead to similarity in traditions which ‎has mostly positive results on the daily social as well as behavior relationships , and ‎other aspects of tranquility and content ‎ ‎2-‎ Taking into account the nearness in profession between the couple or their families ‎which is of great importance since it is common among people. This is corner stone to ‎solve many of the psychological conflicts between the …

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Planning Budgets ... And Inflation ‎Effects ... And Treatment, Muhammad Salim Nov 2021

Planning Budgets ... And Inflation ‎Effects ... And Treatment, Muhammad Salim

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

يؤدي الارتفاع في المستوى العام للأسعار إلى انخفاض القوة الشرائية للوحدة النقدية ، ويطلق على هذه الظاهرة التضخم ‏والذي يمكن تعريفه " بأنه درجة ( معدل ) التغيير في المستوى العام للأسعار خلال فترة زمنية معينة ‏"‏ ( 1 ) ، وبما أن ‏المباديء المحاسبية المتعارف عليها تفرض استخدام التكلفة الفعلية ( التاريخية ) في السجلات المحاسبية ، مما ينتج ‏عنه خلال فترات التضخم أن يظهر قياس الأداء بشكل مبالغ فيه بسبب الفارق الزمني بين التكاليف والإيرادات كما ‏يؤدي التضخم إلى صعوبة التمييز بين أرباح النشاط الاقتصادي وبين أرباح حيازة موجودات غیر نقدية.‏ وتعتبر الموازنات التخطيطية إحدى الأدوات الرئيسية المستخدمة …

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Agricultural Credits In Jordan : ‎ A Field Survey For Irbid District, Fawzi Al-‎Khatib Nov 2021

Agricultural Credits In Jordan : ‎ A Field Survey For Irbid District, Fawzi Al-‎Khatib

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

This study examines problems and obstacles facing agricultural ‎credit in Jordan in general, and Irbid district in particular.‎A questionnaire was designed for this this purpose.‎The statistical results were analysed and the Five point Likert ‎Scale was applied, Using the well-known ( SPSSX).‎The study suggests the creation of a new agricultural credit institution ‎to replace the actual infective credit organizations.‎The study ends with recommendations and policy implications for ‎desistion maker in Jordan.4‎

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Causal Relationship Between Economic Growth And Energy Consumption In Jordan, علي مطر Nov 2021

Causal Relationship Between Economic Growth And Energy Consumption In Jordan, علي مطر

Jadara Journal For Research and Studies

Due to the current situation of the Jordanian
economy, this paper aims to evaluate the impacts of
economic growth on the energy consumption in a

developing country like Jordan, a country with limited

resources such as oil, agricultural land, and water.
This study is very important since the energy bill
reflects a notable share in the GDP for Jordan, especially

in the recent decade that witnessed energy bill rising due

to different political and financial crisis events.The study

investigates the causal relationship between the per capita

energy consumption and economic growth (proxies

by real gross domestic product per capita in …

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Realist Evaluation Of The Early-Stage Implementation Of A Smartphone-Based Disease Surveillance Project In Two Armed-Conflict Communities In Nigeria, Bashir M. Mustapha, Samuel C. Avemaria Utulu Nov 2021

Realist Evaluation Of The Early-Stage Implementation Of A Smartphone-Based Disease Surveillance Project In Two Armed-Conflict Communities In Nigeria, Bashir M. Mustapha, Samuel C. Avemaria Utulu

The African Journal of Information Systems

We investigate the early-stage implementation of a smartphone-based acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance project in communities experiencing armed conflicts in Nigeria. We aim to expose factors influencing the early-stage implementation of smartphone-based AFP surveillance in two rural communities experiencing armed conflicts in Northern Nigeria. Thus, exploring “what works, for whom and under what contextual conditions?” in the early-stage implementation of a smartphone-based AFP surveillance project, given the involvement of multiple stakeholders. We adopted stakeholder theory as a lens to guide the study. We adopted a qualitative case study method, realist philosophy, semi-structured interview, participatory observation, and thematic data analysis. The …

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Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan, Jared M. Mckinney, Peter Harris Nov 2021

Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan, Jared M. Mckinney, Peter Harris

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Deterring a Chinese invasion of Taiwan without recklessly threatening a great-power war is both possible and necessary through a tailored deterrence package that goes beyond either fighting over Taiwan or abandoning it. This article joins cutting-edge understandings of deterrence with empirical evidence of Chinese strategic thinking and culture to build such a strategy.

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Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?, Mitchell G. Klingenberg Nov 2021

Sherman And His Historians: An End To The Outsized Destroyer Myth?, Mitchell G. Klingenberg

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

For years, scholars have viewed the career of William Tecumseh Sherman in light of an antiquated destroyer myth and neglected his memoirs, which were written as a military textbook. This essay reviews Sherman’s legacy and literature, both of which contributed to the advancement of modern military thought. His experiences may serve as a prescriptive text to servicemembers, providing critical lessons on military warfare and philosophy still relevant today.

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The Air Littoral: Another Look, Maximilian K. Bremer, Kelly A. Grieco Nov 2021

The Air Littoral: Another Look, Maximilian K. Bremer, Kelly A. Grieco

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Assessing threats to the air littoral, the airspace between ground forces and high-end fighters and bombers, requires a paradigm change in American military thinking about verticality. This article explores the consequences of domain convergence, specifically for the Army and Air Force’s different concepts of control. It will assist US military and policy practitioners in conceptualizing the air littoral and in thinking more vertically about the air and land domains and the challenges of domain convergence.

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Who Makes You More Disappointed? The Effect Of Avatar Presentation, Company Market Status, And Agent Identity On Customers’ Perceived Service Quality And Satisfaction Of Online Chatting Services, Sangwoo Park, Woo Jin Choi, Dongwoo Shin Nov 2021

Who Makes You More Disappointed? The Effect Of Avatar Presentation, Company Market Status, And Agent Identity On Customers’ Perceived Service Quality And Satisfaction Of Online Chatting Services, Sangwoo Park, Woo Jin Choi, Dongwoo Shin

Asia Marketing Journal

Recent advances in interactive communication have allowed companies to introduce new digital technologies to differentiate their online customer chatting services, but little is known about how customers perceive these new services. To answer this call, the current research examines the effects of avatar presentation, company market status, and agent identity on customers’ perception of service quality and satisfaction in the context of minor service failure that customers encounter through online chatting services. The results of two studies show that customers perceive better service quality and demonstrate lower satisfaction if served by an artificial intelligence [AI] agent (vs. a human-agent), represented …

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Social Influence, Xenocentrism And Status Consumption On Purchase Intention: In The Case Of Women’S Imported Handbags, Munkhbayasgalan Ganbold, Urandelger Gantulga Nov 2021

Social Influence, Xenocentrism And Status Consumption On Purchase Intention: In The Case Of Women’S Imported Handbags, Munkhbayasgalan Ganbold, Urandelger Gantulga

Asia Marketing Journal

The Mongolian market has got filled with imported products that pose a great challenge to domestic businesses. However, on the other hand, exported products give opportunities to understand product quality standards for domestic business owners. Therefore, it becomes meaningful to understand how the consumers distinguish between domestic and imported products. The study examines the relationship between social influence, xenocentrism, status consumption, and imported product’s purchase intention. To achieve the purpose of the research, a survey was conducted on consumers who experienced the purchase of imported products. The data were examined using SPSS and SmartPLS 3.3 after a total of 426 …

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Authentic Information On The Back Label Of Wine Bottle, Beomjoon Choi, Jaewoo Joo Nov 2021

Authentic Information On The Back Label Of Wine Bottle, Beomjoon Choi, Jaewoo Joo

Asia Marketing Journal

This paper investigates whether including authentic information on the back labels of wine bottles enhances consumers’ confidence and purchase intentions about wine; it also assesses the moderating role of involvement and knowledge about wine. We conducted two experimental studies. Study 1 generated three findings. First, when the back label had authentic information, subjects showed higher confidence levels. Second, this effect was hold for subjects with low levels of involvement. Finally, we did not observe this effect for subjects with high levels of involvement. Study 2 extended study 1’s findings and identified the moderated mediation effect of confidence. The findings highlight …

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The Aggregate Impact Of Consumer Reviews On Market Outcome In Differentiated Products Market, Jun B. Kim Nov 2021

The Aggregate Impact Of Consumer Reviews On Market Outcome In Differentiated Products Market, Jun B. Kim

Asia Marketing Journal

We investigate the aggregate impact of consumer reviews on market outcome in a differentiated product category. We model consumers as Bayesian learners who use online consumer reviews to learn and update their beliefs on product quality before their choice. For our empirical analysis, we use aggregate-level, longitudinal data from Amazon.com in the digital camcorder category and estimate the demand parameters. Using model estimates, we conduct two simulation studies and quantify the impact of consumer reviews on the market outcome. We report that the products experience heterogenous market share changes: the standard deviation of market share changes across products and time …

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Lessons Learned: Matthew Kabaker, Yasemin Esmen Nov 2021

Lessons Learned: Matthew Kabaker, Yasemin Esmen

Journal of Financial Crises

During the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09, Matthew Kabaker was senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner and Treasury deputy assistant secretary, capital markets. He helped design the Treasury’s policy response to the financial crisis; design and implement the Dodd-Frank financial reforms; and address housing finance reform, including reforms at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Mr. Kabaker also served on the Treasury’s Financial Stability Policy Council and Housing Policy Council. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Mr. Kabaker.

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Lessons Learned: William “Bill” Dudley, Sandra Ward Nov 2021

Lessons Learned: William “Bill” Dudley, Sandra Ward

Journal of Financial Crises

William “Bill” Dudley was the executive vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Markets Group from 2007–09 and vice chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee from 2009 to 2018. In January 2010, Dudley was named the 10th president of the New York Fed, succeeding Timothy Geithner. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Mr. Dudley.

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Lessons Learned: Steven Adamske, Mercedes Cardona Nov 2021

Lessons Learned: Steven Adamske, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Steven Adamske was Communications Director for the House Financial Services Committee under Chairman Barney Frank in 2008 and later served as a spokesman for the Treasury Department under Secretary Timothy Geithner. Adamske handled communications for issues including the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), the auto industry rescue, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. At Treasury, he specialized in domestic finance issues such as the reform of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the wind-down of TARP, and implementation of Dodd-Frank. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Mr. Adamske.

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The Us Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (Scap) And Capital Assistance Program (Cap), Aidan Lawson Nov 2021

The Us Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (Scap) And Capital Assistance Program (Cap), Aidan Lawson

Journal of Financial Crises

Due to continued stress during the Global Financial Crisis, the US Treasury released a series of additional measures in February 2009 that included a mandatory stress test for major U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), backed by government capital. The stress test, known as the Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP), tested the capital adequacy of the 19 U.S. BHCs that had more than $100 billion in assets. A large interagency team of regulators and other experts estimated losses and income under two hypothetical scenarios for the group of BHCs: a baseline that reflected the consensus belief about the course of the …

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Us Capital Purchase Program, Aidan Lawson, Adam Kulam Nov 2021

Us Capital Purchase Program, Aidan Lawson, Adam Kulam

Journal of Financial Crises

During the fall of 2008, the US government was faced with a financial crisis of unprecedented scope. Having already exercised the authority to put Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship in September, the stage was set for the US government to intervene more broadly in strained financial markets. This intervention would ultimately come in the form of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), which was passed on October 3, 2008. The main provision of EESA was the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, a $700 billion program initially designed to purchase troubled assets off the balance sheets …

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Us Reconstruction Finance Corporation: Preferred Stock Purchase Program, Aidan Lawson Nov 2021

Us Reconstruction Finance Corporation: Preferred Stock Purchase Program, Aidan Lawson

Journal of Financial Crises

By March 1933, the early collateralized lending programs of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) had failed to prevent the recurrence of bank runs and panic in US financial markets. These conditions forced newly elected President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to call for a nationwide bank holiday from March 6 to March 9. On the final day of the holiday, a special session of Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act (EBA), which gave the RFC the power to make investments via preferred equity of distressed institutions. Under the EBA, the RFC could subscribe to and make loans on cumulative non-assessable preferred stock …

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Uk Bank Recapitalisation Scheme, Alec Buchholtz Nov 2021

Uk Bank Recapitalisation Scheme, Alec Buchholtz

Journal of Financial Crises

Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the ensuing global credit crunch in late 2008, Her Majesty’s Treasury (HMT) announced a large economic package to provide support to the UK banking sector. As part of the package, the eight largest banks committed themselves to raising their total Tier 1 capital by £25 billion through either private fundraising or government assistance. Thus, the economic package featured a new Bank Recapitalisation Scheme to invest up to £50 billion in capital into UK banking and credit institutions that could not raise their assets in the private sector. Government capital was invested into either …

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Thailand Capital Support Facilities 1998, Adam Kulam Nov 2021

Thailand Capital Support Facilities 1998, Adam Kulam

Journal of Financial Crises

After the floatation of the baht on July 2, 1997, the Thai economy endured a financial crisis from massive currency devaluation, exchange rate losses, and non-performing loans (NPLs). In response, the Thai government employed two types of restructuring programs: (1) the alleviation of NPLs and distressed assets, (2) the correction of financial institution insolvency and capital inadequacy. To help recapitalize private institutions with public funds, the government introduced tier-1 and tier-2 capital support facilities. The tier-1 facility aimed to attract private capital, and the tier-2 facility aimed to stimulate lending and corporate debt restructuring. Capital injections took the form of …

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Sweden 1991 Bank Support Authority (Bankstödsnämnden), Natalie Leonard Nov 2021

Sweden 1991 Bank Support Authority (Bankstödsnämnden), Natalie Leonard

Journal of Financial Crises

Sweden’s economic downturn and growing unemployment in the early 1990s led to increased uncertainty about banks’ risks. Turbulence in foreign exchange markets and speculation against the Swedish krona caused significant problems in the housing paper market. The ensuing banking crisis affected six of the seven largest Swedish banks. Loan losses peaked in 1992 at nearly SEK 80 billion while the banking sector recorded an operating loss of almost SEK 50 billion. In the fall of 1992, the government guaranteed all banks’ liabilities, took over two of the largest banks, and announced it would create the Bank Support Authority to manage …

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Spain – Fondo De Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria (Frob) Capital Injections, Priya Sankar Nov 2021

Spain – Fondo De Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria (Frob) Capital Injections, Priya Sankar

Journal of Financial Crises

The Spanish government created the Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria (FROB), known in English as the Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring (FROB) in 2009 to perform temporary capital injections that facilitated the restructuring and mergers and acquisitions of struggling institutions. The FROB used preferred shares, ordinary shares, and contingent convertible bonds to recapitalize struggling Spanish credit institutions. The FROB injected a total of €54.4 billion of capital in three rounds. FROB I in 2010 injected capital to support the mergers of 25 insolvent regional savings banks, or cajas, into seven larger, more solvent banks through the subscription of convertible preferred …

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Russian Bank Capital Support Program, Sean Fulmer Nov 2021

Russian Bank Capital Support Program, Sean Fulmer

Journal of Financial Crises

At the start of 2014, the Russian Federation had experienced several years of decelerating growth rates as a result of weak investment, poor governance, and failed structural reforms. During 2014, the dual shocks of rapidly declining oil prices and increasingly stringent international sanctions led to significant financial instability, as Russian firms lost access to international markets and net capital outflows accelerated. As part of the response to this crisis, the Russian government unveiled a RUB 1 trillion (US $17.2 billion) bank capital support program, which it later revised down to RUB 838 billion. The program, operated by the Deposit Insurance …

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Polish Fundusz Pomocy Instytucjom Kredytowym, Junko Oguri Nov 2021

Polish Fundusz Pomocy Instytucjom Kredytowym, Junko Oguri

Journal of Financial Crises

Between September and December 1925, the Second Polish Republic faced a so-called twin-crisis: the złoty, the Polish currency, collapsed, and the financial system faced bank runs and flights of deposits. On November 28, 1925, the Polish Government established Polish Fundusz Pomocy Instytucjom Kredytowym (FPIK), injecting over PLN 60 million capital through Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), a national development bank. The government-led capital injection scheme kept supporting the unstable Polish financial system during the inter-war period. Furthermore, in the 1930s, the FPIK served not only the large banks but also smaller financial institutions, and sometimes, non-financial companies. While the FPIK successfully …

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Norwegian State Finance Fund (Gfc), Natalie Leonard Nov 2021

Norwegian State Finance Fund (Gfc), Natalie Leonard

Journal of Financial Crises

Following the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008, Norway’s banking system experienced a significant liquidity squeeze. Norwegian banks had relied extensively on short-term funding from foreign funding markets and as the financial crisis evolved, foreign funding dried up. To alleviate pressure, Norwegian authorities responded with a number of emergency programs. In early 2009, the government created the State Finance Fund (SFF) to recapitalize banks. The SFF was capitalized with a NOK 50 billion ($7.07 billion) equity investment from the Finance Ministry. In total, 34 banks applied for capital injections totaling NOK 6.7 billion. By the end of 2009, six banks …

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Norway – Gbif/Sbif (Nordic Crisis 1991), Priya Sankar Nov 2021

Norway – Gbif/Sbif (Nordic Crisis 1991), Priya Sankar

Journal of Financial Crises

Privately owned banks had funded the Savings Bank Guarantee Fund (SBGF) and Commercial Bank Guarantee Fund (CBGF) between 1921-1938 to provide guarantees and capital injections to struggling banks. Bank legislation in 1961 made participation in such guarantee funds compulsory for all Norwegian banks, and they were reorganized according to that law. However, after banks began to struggle in the late 1980s, the two funds quickly ran out of resources. The Norwegian Parliament (Storting) created the Government Bank Insurance Fund (GBIF) in March 1991 to loan money to the two funds. They both quickly incurred unsustainable amounts of debt to the …

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