Business Commons^™

Impact Investing: A 21st Century Tool To Attract And Retain Donors, Amy L. Cheney, Kathryn E. Merchant, Robert Killins Jr.

The Foundation Review

· A familiar private foundation tool is being used by the Greater Cincinnati Foundation as a way to engage donor advisors to make a positive difference in the community.

· While due diligence and risk management of the financial return for these investments is crucial, the social return to be achieved is the primary consideration.

· Donors can achieve a modest financial return, which is recycled into their donor-advised fund, by investing locally in projects that make a significant difference.

· Initial donor interest in participating in impact investing has been strong and provided valuable insight into program design.

· …

Models Of Social Change: Community Foundations And Agenda Setting, Nathan Duan-Barnett, Jessica Wangelin, Haley Lamm

The Foundation Review

· This article focuses on a particular approach to large-scale, community-based educational change – Local College Access Networks in the state of Michigan – to answer two key questions: What factors serve to shape the social-change agenda? How can community foundations serve to promote and advance the agenda?

· A multidimensional framework is developed for agenda setting, drawing on linear transformation models, layering, and collective impact to examine the contributions of community foundations to the formation of local college access agendas.

· Particular attention is paid to the horizontal alignment of partners within a community to address local challenges and …

Strategies For Impacting Change In Communities Of Color, Kenneth W. Jackson, Alandra L. Washington, Russell H. Jackson

The Foundation Review

· Historically, organized philanthropy has given scant attention to giving among communities of color; however, as the population changes it is becoming more important to learn about and promote giving in these communities.

· The W. K. Kellogg Foundation supported the Cultures of Giving (COG) initiative over a five-year period to understand, develop, and support philanthropic giving within and among communities of color.

· COG began with two major principles of action – advancing strategies, approaches, and tactics of community philanthropy and connecting leaders of color in a community of practice such that they might learn, share, and collaborate with …

Using Civic Engagement And Collaboration To Create Community Change: Lessons From Charlotte, N.C., Joanne G. Carman, Rebecca A. Hefner

The Foundation Review

· The city of Charlotte, N.C. undertook a deliberative democracy process using the AmericaSpeaks “21st Century Town Meeting” process.

· The University of North Carolina-Charlotte performed a retrospective, process evaluation of the initiative examining the initiative’s components, coverage, participant feedback, short-term outcomes, and lessons learned.

· Early planning and implementation was done by volunteers, which ultimately was not sustainable. A new center, housed within an existing organization, was created to implement the recommendations.

· The initiative achieved a number of early successes, such as increasing the number of school nurses, expansion of an early childhood development program and an increase …

Dimensions Of Change: A Model For Community Change Efforts, Jara Dean-Coffey, Nicole Farkouh, Amy Reisch

The Foundation Review

· The Dimension of Change Model (DOCM), developed by the authors, is offered as a potentially useful tool for foundations, government, bodies, consultants, coalitions, and even individual organizations that are initiating or engaged in substantive efforts to bring about community change.

· The dimensions contained in the model - structure, parameters, intention, approach, and people - offer a frame for addressing key aspects that emerge from the literature as fundamental to all change efforts. The model is offered as a way to design, implement, adapt, and evaluate change initiatives.

· The work of First 5 Marin Children and Families Commission …

The Role Of The Congregation In Community Service: A Philanthropic Case Study, Mark T. Mulder, Kristen Napp, Neil E. Carlson, Zig Ingraffia, Khary Bridgewater, Edwin Hernández

The Foundation Review

· The Family Leadership Initiative (FLI), part of the larger Gatherings of Hope Initiative, was a collaboratively designed program to strengthen families and improve children’s education in Grand Rapids, Mich.

· FLI was launched in 2011 with two cohorts of 20 congregations who took part in a six-step design process.

· Programs were implemented in fall 2011. The program entailed holding monthly meetings for parents and children that included bonding time, parent education and homework support for students, and time for ministry.

· The initial evaluation shows high levels of satisfaction, with students reporting some academic improvements.

· For the …

Do Travelers Support Green Practices And Sustainable Development, Patrick Tierney, Mercedes Hunt, Pavlina Latkova

Journal of Tourism Insights

A 2007 survey of managers from RCRA members found strong motivational support for green practices. These and other findings suggest there is broad support for green practices among resort managers. However, it is unclear the level of traveler support for eco-friendly practices. Study objectives were to: Investigate consumers’ attitudes toward environmentally responsible or green practices in the travel industry; identify green practices they’ve undertaken while traveling; explore factors influencing traveler adoption of green practices; and provide implications for the travel industry. In spring 2008 an intercept survey of travelers visiting the California Welcome Center at Pier 39 in San Francisco, …

Examining The Use Of Rv Travel Forums For Campground Searches, Jill Fjelstul, Kimberly Severt

Journal of Tourism Insights

The aim of the present study is to explore how RV travelers use online travel forums in their campground search. The identification of such variables will assist campground owners and operators in their marketing strategies, competitive positioning, and improving the overall experience for the RV traveler at their chosen campground and destination.

Understanding Resort Marketing Practices, Eric Brey, David K. Klenosky, Xinran Lehto, Alastair Morrison

Journal of Tourism Insights

Effective marketing plays an integral role in the success of hospitality and tourism businesses. While research has examined many aspects of the hospitality and tourism industry, the marketing of destination resorts has been largely ignored. This study addresses this gap by reporting the insights obtained from interviews conducted with North American resort marketing executives to assess their views on current resort marketing trends and practices. Based on a content analysis of this interview data, 18 topics were identified and organized into five categories: channels, relationships, targeting, technology and function. This paper provides a discussion of each topic, overviews implications of …

Understanding Generational Diversity In The Workplace: What Resorts Can And Are Doing, A. Scott Rood

Journal of Tourism Insights

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine generational diversity issues within the resort industry in order to develop management strategies that can be employed to increase intergenerational understanding, morale and improve productivity. Data for this study were collected through a self administered questionnaire completed by resort managers. Findings suggest generational differences do exist and that managers can improve morale and productivity by understanding and incorporating these differences.

Using 'Personalities' As A Viable Option For The Development Of Niche Tourism, Robert Nash Ph.D., Paul Stansbie

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

The aims of this research were

• To explore the opportunities to develop tourism based on famous personalities

• To ascertain whether there is sufficient demand in Japan to sustain a Thomas Blake Glover heritage destination in Northeast Scotland

• To identify long-term strategies to optimise the Glover connection as a resource for NE Scotland

Jocks And Jills: The Case Of The Restaurant Turnaround, Jeffery Elsworth Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

No abstract provided.

Alcohol Consumption Among Hospitality And Nonhospitality Majors: Is It An Issue Of Personality, Carl P. Borchgrevink Ph.D., Henrik C. Borchgrevink, Michael P. Sciarini Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

Young adults, including university students, are more likely than other groups to engage in risky alcohol consumption. Employees at hospitality establishments and students at hospitality programs have been found to engage in heavy drinking. Excessive alcohol consumption has been linked to serious illness, cognitive difficulties, risky behaviors and sexual dysfunction. High levels of alcohol consumption, high rates of liver cirrhosis, elevated risk of alcohol-associated cancer and high prevalence of alcoholism have been found among restaurant employees. Research has started to explore some of the antecedent conditions and influences that may lead to high levels of alcohol consumption. Initial findings suggest …

A Study Of Restaurateurs' Attitudes And Practices In Relation To Obesity, Gary "Lee" Frantz Ph.D., Chanda Walter M.S., Rpht, Kendra K. Kattleman Ph.D., Rd, Ln

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

The dramatic increase in the rate of obesity in the United States is raising new public health concerns. Each year, obesity-related problems cause at least 300,000 deaths and cost around 100 billion dollars. Take a walk down the street, go to a shopping center or sport event, or pick up a newspaper or magazine and the severity of the obesity problem in the United States is becoming a critical problem to solve. About 65% of the U.S. adult population is overweight (35%) or obese (30%), which has doubled in only two decades. Obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart …

Factors Impacting Hotel Market Performance, A.J. Singh Ph.D., Raymond S. Schmidgall Ph.D., Seunghyun Kim Ph.D., Zhen Zhang

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

It is generally accepted that hotel development, investment and acquisition follows three basic steps, (Waterman 2001)

1. Identifying market areas that show long term potential for hotel investment

2. Choosing a lodging product that takes advantage of the dynamics of the local supply and demand characteristics.

3. Search and selection of a suitable site.

Whereas hotel investors and market analysts have access to top line performance data, such as Occupancy, Average Daily Rate, RevPar , these represent historic information. As such, these data points are useful in that they provide market trends, which can be used to extrapolate future performance. …

Are Loyalty Program Members More Loyal Than Nonmembers?, Miran Kim Ph.D., Christine Vogt Ph.D., Bonnie Knutson

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

Since the airline industry introduced the first loyalty program in the early 1980s (Lacey and Sneath, 2006), loyalty programs are common in many hospitality sectors including hotels, restaurants, casinos, and rental cars (Baloglu, 2002). As one of many relationship marketing tactics, loyalty programs aim to develop repeat purchases by rewarding customers with added benefits such as recognition, preferred treatment, access to special products and services, and incentives (Kivetz and Simonson, 2002; Sharp and Sharp, 1997). They also aim to foster customers’ loyalty by building closer and longer-term relationships between the company and customers (Meyer-Waarden, 2008; Sharp and Sharp, 1997; Yi …

Beyond The Veneer Of Strategic Philanthropy, Patricia Patrizi, Elizabeth Heid Thompson

The Foundation Review

· “Strategic philanthropy” has become a dominant theme among foundations in the past few decades.

· While many foundations have developed strategic plans, few have made the internal changes necessary to actually behave strategically.

· Four challenges to strategic philanthropy are identified, including strategies developed in isolation from grantees that execute them and misaligned foundation structures, processes, and cultures that do not support strategic endeavors.

· In order to get beyond the veneer of strategic philanthropy, foundation leaders need to be clearer about their own role in creating change, develop the strategic capacities to do so, and then apply those …

Is The Policy Win All? A Framework For Effective Social-Justice Advocacy, Barbara Klugman

The Foundation Review

· This article offers a theory-of-change framework to help those engaged in social-justice advocacy to reflect on whether social-justice values are being retained in the process.

· A reproductive rights effort in South Africa provides an example of how social justice values can be lost in the advocacy process.

· The failure to sustain work on the ground pointed to the need to maintain a base of support even after a policy victory.

· Strategies must be revisited as social and political contexts change.

· One of the critical social-justice values that supports the establishment and maintenance of alliances is …

Reframing Assessment Of Grantee Perceptions: Reconsidering Effectiveness With Broader International Stakeholder Engagement, Laurel Pendleton, Michael Y. Moon

The Foundation Review

· Stakeholder engagement is important in philanthropy because it allows grantmakers and grantees to pool their respective resources more effectively to address their shared target issues.

· As more and more foundations and other grantmaking entities venture into the expansive world of self-evaluation, it is prudent that these methods be examined in light of international funding relationships.

· In order to better understand how these tools and methods can be used internationally, we outline the opportunities presented when using frames as one basis for decision-making in complex situations.

· Using the hypothetical case of a U.S. funder seeking to understand …

Leadership Development In The Social Sector: A Framework For Supporting Strategic Investments, Grady Mcgonagill, Claire Reinelt

The Foundation Review

· While much of the research on leadership and leadership development has historically studied private sector settings, recent work has begun to build knowledge about leaders in public and community settings.

· New models of leadership, including collective leadership, are being developed and implemented by foundations.

· A framework for identifying the level of intervention (individual, team, organization, network, or system) and the level of impact (individual, team, organization, community, or field of policy and practice) is proposed as a tool for more strategic investing in leadership development.

Editorial, Teresa R. Behrens

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Achieving Foundation Accountability And Transparency: Lessons From The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’S Scorecard, David C. Colby, Nancy W. Fishman, Sarah G. Pickell

The Foundation Review

· The purpose of this article is to help foundations in their accountability and transparency efforts by sharing lessons from one foundation’s journey to develop a scorecard.

· A commitment to funding and sharing the results from rigorous evaluations set the tone for Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) accountability.

· The Scorecard is a powerful tool for RWJF to set goals, track organizational effectiveness, and motivate responses to shortcomings.

· Foundations can tailor their scorecard to include what best serves their needs.

· With its Scorecard, RWJF found that comparative and quantitative measures are the most powerful forces to motivate …

Executive Summaries

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Exploring E-Service Quality Of Online Hotel Booking Web Sites, Sungsik Yoon, Seunghyun Kim Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

There is no doubt that the internet has become a new and valuable communication channel, collapsing all geographical and physical barriers, and making it a competitive marketing devise in the hospitality and tourism industry (Doolin et al., 2002). It is clear that travelers increasingly prefer interacting with the travel business online to conveniently gather information on destinations, prices, and schedules (Greenspan, 2004). For that reason, many hotels are regarding the internet as a new and efficient marketing environment. For example, one of the main advantages for hotels by using electronic strategies as a distribution system is the cost reduction (O’Connor …

A Case Study Of International Cooperative Learning Between American And Chinese Students, Suosheng Wang, Kun Lai Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

International Cooperative Learning (ICL) possesses a big potential in becoming a good solution to higher education’s challenge of “internationalization.” To explore how ICL should be designed, implemented and what challenges and barriers an ICL course may encounter, the researchers from SYSU, Guangzhou, China and IU, Indianapolis, USA researched ICL by incorporating it into the course of ‘Global Tourism Geography’ and bringing their students together into the same distance-learning ‘classroom’. Such a study is needed for the reason that ICL lacks clear conception and practical operationalization, although it possesses great potentials to be an important solution to challenges caused by “internationalization” …

Applying The Dineserv And Ipa Methods To A Cross Cultural Comparison Of Quality Service Gaps, A. Scott Rood, Joanna Dziadkowiec

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

This is an empirical comparison of methods study, to determine which method (DINESERV or Importance Performance Analysis) will produce the most relevant gap analysis attuned to the needs of restaurant managers (hospitality providers) in Poland and the United States. The aims are: 1) to understand what consumers expect (in advance of their purchase) from a casual dining restaurant; 2) to understand what attributes are more or less important to them; 3) to examine aspects of service delivery (post purchase) and identify the service quality gaps; and, 5) to compare the two main methodologies.

Travel Marketing Collaboration Effectiveness: What Metric Count, Michael E. Ricco

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

The purpose of this study is to identify a definitive array of inter-organizational, collaborative marketing effectiveness measurements used in practice. The metrics were derived from a factor analysis of literature-based metrics. The industry context of the study was U.S. organizations engaged in the international inbound tourism industry since 2005.

Identifying Perceived Attributes Of Japanese Restaurants, Haeik Park, Jaemin Cha Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

Growth in popularity of Japanese foods among Americans is confirmed by the increasing number of Japanese restaurants in the USA over the past decade (Imai, 2010). Since popularity and demand for Japanese cuisine continues to grow, operators of Japanese restaurants need to understand consumers’ perceived attributes of Japanese restaurants.

Relationships Among Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction, And Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Investigation Of Korea's Upscale Hotels, Dongsun Kim, Seunghyun Kim Ph.D.

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

No abstract provided.

Fundraising Strategies Of Nonprofit Organizations: Measuring Roi And Success In A Time Of Economic Crisis, Leslie Jablonski, Jeff Beck

Great Lakes Hospitality & Tourism Educators Conference

The question being explored through this research is whether or not there are particular, newly developed, strategies that have aided organizations in continuing to raise funds during difficult economic times. Particularly, the research focuses on the differing events organizations have used in their attempts to raise money. In addition, it explores the existence of connections between the strategies the organizations in different sectors of the industry use to raise money when the public does not have much to give.