Business Commons^™

Emergent Models Of Place-Based Philanthropy: A Review Of Six Foundations’ Initiatives, Douglas Easterling

The Foundation Review

Traditional approaches to place-based philanthropy, including comprehensive community initiatives (CCIs), are characterized by four design features: 1) a centralized stakeholder group that serves as the primary nexus for the foundation’s engagement; 2) an extensive planning process on the front end; 3) the planning group’s initial strategy serves as the basis for the foundation’s investments throughout the initiative; and 4) foundation staff play a largely transactional role in reviewing proposals, awarding grants and monitoring progress. This linear, structured approach to community change has had only limited success over 30 years of foundation practice.

In response, a growing number of foundations have …

Tfr 17.1 Full Issue

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Executive Summaries

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Are Community Philanthropic Organizations Planning For Climate Change?, Beth Gazley, Rachel Cash, Laurie Paarlberg

The Foundation Review

Although their role is sometimes overlooked, an Indiana statewide study confirms that most community foundations and United Way agencies directly contribute to meeting local disaster response needs.

Although half of all community foundations and United Ways report past service disruptions due to the more severe weather caused by climate change, the majority have not discussed the need to plan for disasters with their boards of directors to assure business continuity.

Community foundations lag behind United Ways and direct service nonprofits in risk mitigation, and their leaders are more likely to downplay the potential impacts of climate change on state residents. …

Disrupting Foundation Culture: Lessons In Learning To Share Power And Decision-Making, Sonia Caus Gleason, Tina Eshaghpour

The Foundation Review

There is much discussion of shifting organizational culture in philanthropies to share power and decision-making. However, examples of foundation learning endeavors to disrupt culture in service of systems change, racial equity, and responsiveness are less common.

Our article provides a window into the demanding work at The California Wellness Foundation and how internal collaboration and learning have led to progress in racial equity and power-sharing with communities. We focus on the introduction of Learning Labs, an action research model that framed and scaffolded the investigation of philanthropic terms and practices. This catalyzed collaborative decision-making within cross-functional teams while senior leaders …

Engaging Youth In Philanthropic Practice: Field-Building Strategies And The Promise Of Youth-Possible Philanthropy™, Kimberlin D. Butler

The Foundation Review

Traditional philanthropy has largely been top-down, with communities — including youth — having limited decision-making power. Despite philanthropy’s recent shift toward participatory approaches, young people in these historically excluded communities are often ignored as contributors to philanthropic strategy.

Youth-Possible Philanthropy™ (YPP) offers a new, emerging theoretical framework that proposes to shift this dynamic by positioning youth as co-creators and possibility catalysts in philanthropic governance and strategy. YPP is grounded in possibility development, participatory approaches, and trust-based philanthropy.

The article provides strategies for operationalizing YPP. Case examples illustrate how YPP can foster authentic power-sharing and bridge gaps in philanthropic practice.

Front And Back Matter

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Strengthening Evaluation Contracting Partnerships: Fostering Stronger Relationships Between Funders And Small, Proximate Evaluation Firms, Hippolyt Pul, Carlisle Levine

The Foundation Review

Foundations often support initiatives in multiple countries and cultures, including within the United States, with limited access to or familiarity with the people and local contexts in which activities occur. To gain a deep and nuanced understanding of their investments’ relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability, foundations are often eager to partner with evaluators close to the contexts and people who participate in and are most affected by their investments.

Yet, foundations’ procurement and contracting systems may not be built for these partnerships. Through the Strengthening Evaluation Contracting Partnerships Initiative, we are addressing this challenge by helping foundations, small and proximate evaluation …

Editorial, Julia Coffman

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of New Technologies In Last-Mile Logistics Examined Through The Triple Bottom Line (Tbl), Owen M. Appel

Honors Projects

Last-mile delivery is responsible for nearly half of delivery related costs and emissions. Increasing the efficiency in this segment of the supply chain is vital for companies looking to reduce waste and increase productivity to meet rising e-commerce and package delivery demand. This paper explores new technologies within last-mile delivery through the lens of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL), analyzing economic, environmental, and social implications. Technologies discussed include fleet modernization & electrification, autonomous vehicles, parcel lockers, drones, and crowdshipping. The paper primarily builds its case around the United States Postal Service (USPS), as it has been unprofitable for an extended …

The Economic Impact Of The 2024 Lpga Dow Championship, Grand Valley State University, Christian Glupker

Other Faculty Publications

The 2024 Dow Championship is estimated to have generated or supported economic benefits for the Great Lakes Bay region in the following ways:

• A total economic impact of $16.8 million in economic activity, supporting 128 jobs, and contributing $8.9 million to the regional GDP.
• The increase in economic activity generated $150,000 in tax revenue for local municipalities, $225,000 for special districts, and $142,000 for the Great Lakes Bay counties.
• The event attracted 30,061 spectators and required the assistance of 4,389 staff members and 1,050 volunteers.

The Economic Impact Of The Grand Rapids Area Nonprofit Arts And Culture Sector, Grand Valley State University, Christian Glupker, Paul Isely

Other Faculty Publications

The Grand Rapids area nonprofit arts and culture sector (GRACS) is estimated to have generated or supported economic benefits for the city of Grand Rapids and Kent County in the following ways:

• The total economic impact of this industry is estimated at $298.7 million in economic output, supporting 2,529 jobs. Approximately $195 million in economic output is new to the area.
• The total annual fiscal impact (tax revenue) of all primary visitor spending and GRACS organizational spending is estimated at $821,000 for municipalities and $585,000 for Kent County.
• GRACS events attracted 2.67 million visitors, with 48% visiting from outside the …

2024 Update: The Economic Impact Of Artprize, Grand Valley State University, Christian Glupker

Other Faculty Publications

ArtPrize is estimated to have generated or supported economic benefits for Kent County in the following ways:

• The total economic impact of all primary visitor spending, ArtPrize operational spending, and artist spending is estimated between $71 and $77 million in economic output supporting between 547 and 600 jobs.
• 795,555 total visitors, with 57% visiting from outside the local region.
• 39% of local visitors and 74% of all nonlocal visitors stated that ArtPrize was their primary reason for visiting Grand Rapids.
• All local visitors spent an average of 2.75 days at ArtPrize and all nonlocal visitors spent an average of 1.76 …

Investigating The Impacts Of Homestay Tourism On A Local Community: Homestay Operators' Perspectives In Anantnag District, Sajad Ahmad Bhat, Ajaz Ahmad Dar, Dr Danish Iqbal Raina, Dr Basith Nabi Wani

Journal of Tourism Insights

Background: Homestay tourism, characterized by travelers residing in the homes of local residents, offers an intimate and authentic experience that fosters cultural exchange. This paper explores the impacts of homestay tourism on a local community, focusing on the Anantnag District in the Kashmir Valley. Drawing upon the insights of homestay operators, this research investigates the economic, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions of this tourism phenomenon.

Objective: To investigate the economic, sociocultural, and environmental implications of homestays on a local community and to determine differences in how the neighborhood perceives these impacts.

Methods: This study uses a quantitative research design, including a …

Reimagining Tourism And Rail Industry:Trends And Outlook In The Post-Pandemic Era, Anju Chandran, Dr. Kalarani T G

Journal of Tourism Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to the global tourism and travel industry, with widespread travel restrictions, border closures, and lockdown measures impacting every aspect of the sector. Both the tourism and travel industry are expected to slowly recover but the post-pandemic landscape is likely to look quite different, with shifting travel patterns, changing consumer preferences, and new health and safety protocols. The Indian Railways, a crucial public utility, has persevered in these difficult times by beaming vividly as a symbol of optimism and community devotion despite all of this turmoil. India's vast and complex railway network shows a …

Exploring The Dynamics Of Rural Tourism In Jammu And Kashmir: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach To Understanding Socio-Economic Impacts, Sajad Ahmad Bhat, Dr Danish Iqbal Raina, Ajaz Ahmad Dar, Muhammad Arsalan Wani

Journal of Tourism Insights

Background: Rural tourism has emerged as a critical component of sustainable development in regions like Jammu and Kashmir, where it holds the potential to significantly impact the local socio-economic fabric. This study investigates the intricate relationships between tourist experiences, their perceptions of local culture and environment, and the resultant socio-economic impacts on the local community.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to explore how tourist experiences influence their perceptions and, subsequently, the social and economic impacts on local communities in rural tourism settings. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the existing challenges in rural tourism and the opportunities …

Valuate Jammu & Kashmir Tourism In Breadth Of Media Dailies And Time Period: A Content Analysis, Tahmeed Ahmad Badam Mr

Journal of Tourism Insights

Background: The study takes in to consideration Jammu & Kashmir tourism industry from media’s point of view; quantitative cum qualitative content analysis for articles has been carried out to evaluate different trends and aspects.

Objectives: Firstly, to analyze reportages in the index of assigned nomenclatures regarding Jammu & Kashmir tourism among selected local and national dailies. Secondly, measure the average mean values and their variance in respect to number of contents and classified themes.

Sampling selection: Four renowned media dailies have been selected conveniently for content analysis on the basis of their circulation. Systematic random sampling framework has been carried …

Tourist Expectation And Their Perception Towards Service Quality : The Case Of Baidyanath Dham Jyotirlinga, Deoghar, Vaishali Singh, Anjan Bhuyan

Journal of Tourism Insights

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions and expectations of tourists regarding the Service Quality attributes at Baidyanath Dham Jyotirlinga in Deoghar, Jharkhand. The aim is to identify the significant areas of shortcomings in the tourist amenities/services offered at the pilgrimage site and suggest ways to improve the overall pilgrimage experience. The study used the scale development procedures provided by Churchill (1979) and Hinkin (1995) as the initial step in developing a service quality scale. First, a thorough literature analysis highlighted six crucial factors: accommodation, information accessibility, transportation, safety and security, hygienic food and drink, and temple …

Exploring The Transformative Effect Of Community Managed Nature Tourism On Community Empowerment In Odisha: Perspective From Local Residents, Jagadish Behera, Rajdeep Deb

Journal of Tourism Insights

In this study, an attempt was made to examine the relationships between community managed nature tourism and community empowerment from the local residents’ perspective, as well as to test how these relationships varied among different demographic characteristics of residents. For this study, five hypotheses were proposed based on the review of literature and tested using residents living near the protected nature camps in Odisha. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 184 local residents selected from across the eight nature camps of Odisha. The variables examined in this study included residents' gender, age, education, occupation, and income. Data analysis was …

Tourist Behavior And Accommodation Preferences: Analyzing Expenditure And Stay Motives In Goa., Mr. Alroy Anthony Salvador Mascarenhas, Prof. (Dr.) Anthony Rodrigues

Journal of Tourism Insights

Tourism in Goa plays a significant role in its economic development, attracting both domestic and international tourists. This study focuses on analyzing the behavior and preferences of tourists, particularly regarding their expenditure patterns and accommodation choices. The unique characteristics of Goa's tourism, including its natural beauty and cultural heritage, provides an opportunity to promote different types of tourism. This study examines Indian and international tourists' perceptions of Goa's tourism promotion, concentrating on their spending, stay length, and hotel choices. Using Chi-Square Test of Independence, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Multiple Regression Analysis, Ordinal Logistic Regression (Proportional Odds Model), the study examines the …

A Study Of Factors Influencing Tourism Service Quality: A Comprehensive Review And Analysis, Gowhar Ahmad Wani Dr, Rubeena Khaliq Dr, Ayoub Khan Dawood Dr, Aamir Majeed Parray

Journal of Tourism Insights

This study delves into an in-depth analysis of the intricate factors that shape service quality within tourism destinations situated in the Kashmir Valley. The principal objective of this research is to meticulously scrutinize the diverse elements that wield influence over service quality, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role played by infrastructure in the delivery of services. To achieve this objective, the research encompasses an empirical verification process that takes into account infrastructure-dependent, independent, and other pertinent factors.

The nature and extent of these determinants are subjected to rigorous scrutiny at an individual level across five distinct destinations, employing …

Optimizing Wine Tourism Advertising: The Impact Of Destination Reputation And Advertising Language, Jungyun Hur, Soocheong (Shawn) Jang

Journal of Tourism Insights

Recognizing the increasing importance of wine tourism for local economies and the industry's need for competitive marketing strategies, this study investigates factors influencing travelers' intentions to visit wineries based on advertising. The findings indicate that winery advertisements featuring well-known destinations exert a positive halo effect, significantly enhancing travelers' visit intentions compared to those featuring lesser-known destinations. Additionally, the study reveals a matching effect between advertising language and destination reputation. Specifically, for lesser-known destinations, cognitive advertising language proves more effective in generating visit intentions than affective advertising language.

An Evaluation Of Female Tourists' Satisfaction In Agritourism Through Importance-Performance Analysis, Ruchika Singh, Nataraj B. Patted

Journal of Tourism Insights

The research paper explores agri-tourism, focusing on the satisfaction levels of female tourists visiting agri-tourism centres in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), India. Women constitute a substantial segment of the global tourism market and possess distinct preferences and expectations when engaging in travel experiences. However, despite their increasing prominence as key stakeholders in the tourism industry, their voices and perspectives often remain underrepresented in academic investigations. The study fills a critical gap in the existing literature by recognizing the significance of understanding and catering to the specific requirements of female tourists. The study uses Importance Performance (IP) Analysis to assess …

Exploring Boondocking Through Time: Evolution And Challenges For Outdoor Hospitality In The United States, Julien Bousquet

Journal of Tourism Insights

This study delves into the evolution of boondocking from a survival strategy to a lifestyle choice among RV enthusiasts, called boondockers, who cherish nature and self-reliance. Through a historical approach, it charts boondocking's evolution and assesses its societal, economic, and environmental impacts. The analysis highlights a dynamic progression, driven by advancements in RV technology, a shift towards sustainability, and digital community engagement. Environmental challenges underscore the necessity for sustainable practices, while future outlooks point to innovations in eco-friendly RV technologies and a stronger focus on Leave No Trace principles. The study forecasts a significant role for boondocking in the future …

Why Do Consumers Switch? The Role Of Relational Uncertainty In Service Failures, Jungyun Hur, Soocheong (Shawn) Jang

Journal of Tourism Insights

This study explores the role of relational uncertainty in consumers’ switching intentions in a service failure encounter. The results reveal that in an established consumer-service provider relationship, relational uncertainty plays a significant role in the process of consumers’ switching intentions whereas dissatisfaction with service failures does not influence switching intentions. Further, the findings suggest that relational uncertainty mediates the effect of perceived loss on switching intentions. These findings were integrated into a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications for effective service management emphasizing the influential role of long-term relational value in comparison with incident-specific transaction value in an established relationship.

On-The-Go Dining In America: Comparing Convenience, Service Quality, And Satisfaction In Qsr Versus Gas Station Food, Shiva Jahani, Mohammed Lefrid, Lorie A. Tuma

Journal of Tourism Insights

Purpose

The objective of this multi-group study is to examine the influence of service quality and convenience on customer satisfaction in quick service restaurants (QSRs) versus gas stations.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected online from 552 participants in the USA and analyzed using partial least square structure equation modeling (SmartPLS).

Findings

Service quality and convenience are strong predictors of customer satisfaction in both QSR restaurants and gas station food outlets. In addition, this study concluded significant differences between QSRs and gas stations in terms of these relations.

Research limitations/implications

This study makes a significant contribution to the foodservice and consumer behavior …

Understanding The Factors Influencing Tourist Adoption Of Peer-To-Peer Accommodation Services: Attitudes, Intentions, And Behavioral Insights, Maya Talwadker, M.S. Dayanand Dr., Edgar Dsouza Dr.

Journal of Tourism Insights

This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation services among Indian tourists, integrating Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected from 526 tourists using self-administered online and paper-based surveys. The findings reveal that modern lifestyles significantly enhance perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which positively influence behavioral intentions toward P2P accommodations. Psychological ownership emerged as a critical factor, indicating that emotional attachment to the accommodation enhances user engagement and satisfaction. Interestingly, privacy concerns did not significantly impact behavioral intentions or perceived usefulness but did influence …

Researching Company & Industry Data, Sandra Teft

Handouts

This in-class assignment was designed to get students started on gathering data required for their MKT 351 project, Consumer Based Marketing Insights Report. The students were required to divide into evenly distributed groups (with my assistance) and work within the databases I demonstrated during class to find data. The students selected one student from each group to report their findings.

Raising The Bar: Improving How To Assess Evidence Quality In Evaluating Systems-Change Efforts, Marina Apgar, Thomas Aston, Mieke Snijder, Tom Zwollo

The Foundation Review

Facing the great scale of societal challenges, philanthropic organizations are increasingly calling for systems change. Evaluating systems change requires innovative approaches that respond to the complexities of such change in ways that support equity and multiracial democracy rather than undermining them.

A key concern in evaluating systems change is how to do so rigorously. Rigor has traditionally been equated with evaluative criteria such as independence and objectivity, and experimental methods and evidence hierarchies which sit uncomfortably with both complexity and equity. Yet when taking an alternative approach, many philanthropic organizations fear that without these standards, there are no standards at …

What Practices For Shifting Power Are Core To Advancing Racial Equity?, Kantahyanee W. Murray, Ji Won Shon, Ashley Barnes, Natalia Ibanez, Karuna Sridharan Chibber, Janelle Armstrong-Brown, Elvis Fraser

The Foundation Review

Power-shifting approaches are increasingly being recognized as practical solutions funders can employ to amplify the voice and agency of grant partners and communities, especially those historically under-resourced and marginalized.

Informed by a literature review and interviews with funders, grant partners, and thought leaders, this article describes four common practices for shifting power to advance equity: embed a racial equity lens into the process to shift power; demonstrate a genuine commitment to communities; give grant partners the power to define success; and embrace an internal systems change orientation.

This article explores the capabilities, mindsets, policies, skills, and resource considerations needed for …