Business Commons^™

Twenty Years Later: Measuring The Accessibility Of The U.S. State Government Websites, Tanya Goette, Sean Lynch

Communications of the IIMA

Web accessibility remains an important issue as individuals rely on Internet access and web site accessibility for daily functions. It is an unwritten rule that people should access an organization’s website to search for answers before calling to ask a human (or a bot). Over twenty years ago, in 2005, a study (White, Goette, & Young) was conducted to analyze the accessibility of state government web sites. The assumption was made that state governments should be setting an example of following accessibility guidelines. The study found that about a third of the home pages did not meet basic accessibility guidelines. …

Beyond Ai Literacy: Developing And Validating A Reflective Human–Ai Learning Scale In Higher Education, Alison Munsch Phd

Communications of the IIMA

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming higher education, yet current AI literacy frameworks primarily assess what students know about AI and how they use it rather than how they think while learning with AI. This paper introduces Reflective Human–AI Learning (RHAL), a complementary construct that captures the quality of students' reflective cognition while collaborating with AI. Drawing upon AI literacy, metacognition, significant learning, critical thinking, and self-regulated learning, the study proposes a multidimensional instrument and outlines a rigorous psychometric validation process. The resulting scale is intended to complement—not replace—existing AI literacy measures by assessing reflective judgment, intentional inquiry, and ethical …

When Does Global Search Pay For Itself? A Measured Exploration Cost And Energy Break-Even Analysis Of A Metaheuristic Search Controller In Solar Energy Systems, Mohamed Ali Muammar Ezgour

Communications of the IIMA

Autonomous energy systems increasingly delegate the choice of operating point to embedded search algorithms, trading a fast local optimizer that can settle on a wrong point against a slower global search that guarantees the right one at a measurable cost. This paper reframes maximum power point tracking under partial shading as that decision and measures its economics on a fixed photovoltaic plant in MATLAB/Simulink. A Hippopotamus Optimization global search handed over to incremental conductance is compared with incremental conductance alone across seventeen initial duty cycles and thirty random seeds. The hybrid reached the global peak in all thirty seeds, whereas …

Advancing Blood Production And Distribution: Leveraging Ai In The Expeditionary Care Environment, Andrew Hall, Michael Carrillo, Garrion Jackson, Jennifer Hall, Ryan Comes

Joint Force Quarterly

It is a whole of government effort to ensure there is sufficient blood supply during times of crisis and conflict. The interagency is responsible for the blood production, delivery and ultimately utilizes blood across the world to treat hemorrhaging patients. Blood is an individually donated resource that saves lives in the expeditionary environment. The ideal blood supply chain maximizes production, utilization, and remaining shelf life of blood products where it is needed across the world. Optimized production and delivery of blood maximizes lifesaving while minimizing wastage. The advancement in artificial intelligence represents an opportunity to apply technology to this critical …

Mission Over Bureaucracy: Special Operations Command’S Warrior-Driven Model For Defense Innovation, Robert D. Seader

Joint Force Quarterly

In an era of accelerating technological change, military organizations must rapidly develop and field new capabilities to maintain battlefield superiority. Traditional defense acquisition processes, optimized for peacetime oversight and risk avoidance, now take four times longer than in the 1950s, threatening to undermine military effectiveness against rapidly modernizing adversaries. This paper examines how the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has pioneered a fundamentally different acquisition approach that delivers new capabilities in months rather than the decades typical of conventional programs.

Through extensive interviews with senior acquisition leaders, this analysis identifies three core elements of USSOCOM’s success: a mission-centric culture …

Bitseat: Reimagining The Financing For Airliners Using Nonfungible Tokens (Blockchain Technology), Edwin S. Ongola

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This essay describes how blockchain technology, particularly nonfungible tokens, can be used to raise funding for airliners. The essay begins with a brief overview on the costs, categories, and acquisition methods of airliners. After that, the essay introduces concepts on blockchain technology, tokens, and smart contracts. The essay then touches on how nonfungible tokens can be used to facilitate fractional ownership of airliners. From there, the essay discusses Bitseat, a conceptual nonfungible token for fractional ownership of airliners, covering its overall design, appeal, marketplace alternatives, and challenges. Finally, in the discussion, the essay summarizes the overall concept and outlines its …

The Nine-Block Pyramid: A Structural Framework For Cultivating An Ai Adoption Mindset Culture At Enterprise Scale, Ahmad Masri

Communications of the IIMA

Enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) adoption is nearly universal in name but shallow in practice: a large majority of organizations now use AI in at least one business function, yet only a small minority have scaled it enterprise-wide, and leadership commitment rather than technology is repeatedly cited as the binding constraint. This conceptual paper argues that AI adoption is fundamentally a mindset-culture problem, not a tooling problem, and proposes a nine-block pyramid as a practical framework describing a sequencing heuristic, anchored in established organizational-behavior theory, for the cultural conditions an enterprise should build to sustain an AI adoption mindset: (1) Enterprise …

Ai Slop In The Generative Ai Era: Uncovering Hidden Costs For Information Quality, Trust, And Human-Centered Systems, Blenda G. Mutuma

Communications of the IIMA

The rapid proliferation of generative AI tools has fundamentally altered the volume, velocity, and perceived quality of information produced across academic and professional settings (Bommasani et al., 2021; Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence [HAI], 2025). Yet this expansion has introduced a critical and underexamined threat to sustainable information ecosystems: what this paper formally terms AI slop ; defined as AI-generated content that achieves surface-level plausibility while offering limited substantive value, accuracy, or contextual depth. At scale, AI slop degrades information quality and erodes institutional trust (Bender et al., 2021; Weidinger et al., 2021). More critically, it generates what this …

Ai-Assisted Software Development And The Change Of Organizational Rhythms, Jarl Tuxen, Morten Boesen, Sarah O'Neill

Communications of the IIMA

Based on a qualitative study of a Danish NGO collaborating with an AI-enabled software vendor, this paper examines how the speed of AI-assisted software development challenges established organizational rhythms of evaluation and governance. The preliminary analysis suggests that AI-assisted development not only accelerates software production but also destabilizes established mechanisms for evaluation, responsibility allocation, and legimitization in software development projects.

People Orientation And Thing Orientation In Business Majors: Implications For Assessing The Impacts Of Cross-Functional Business Program Curricula, Todd J. Hostager, David A. Christopher, Kristy J. Lauver, Christopher Knowles

International Journal for Business Education

Background/Introduction/Purpose:  Prior research documented significant differences in people orientation and thing orientation (PTO) based on type of major and sex.  This study examines a set of measures for helping business programs to assess whether they are producing graduates equipped to consider both people and things when making decisions, regardless of their major or sex.

Methods/Design:  Students in a strategic management capstone course spent a single 75-minute session responding to a brief new venture pitch by identifying what types of additional information they would need to decide whether to invest in the business.  Three Likert-scaled options gauged the extent to participant …

Factors Shaping The Graduate Assistantship Experience In Ncaa Division I Athletic Departments, Kelly P. Elliott, Kate Labate, Josh Tennant, Chris Espinosa

The COSMA Journal

Graduate Assistantships (GA) are a critical component of career preparation in sport management, yet little is known about how the GA experiences vary across institutions, and intercollegiate athletic departments. This exploratory study examined differences in intercollegiate athletic department GAs based on NCAA Division I subdivision, length of time the GA served in the position, and how the GA found the opportunity. Survey data were collected from GAs listed on athletic department staff directories. The instrument assessed functional areas, supervision, compensation, satisfaction, and perceived career impact. Chi-square analyses compared GA experiences across institutional and student-level variables. Overall, the findings suggest that …

Teaching Communication And Teamwork Under Pressure: An Experiential Activity Using Keep Talking And Nobody Explodes, Bryan L. Rogers, Cody Logan Chullen, Brian Waterwall

International Journal for Business Education

Background/Introduction/Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present an experiential classroom activity designed to help students develop communication and teamwork skills under conditions of time pressure and information asymmetry.

Methods/Design: This paper presents a teaching activity rather than an empirical study; no research design, sample, instruments, or analytic procedures are reported. The paper describes and contextualizes an experiential learning activity using the cooperative video game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes. Drawing on research in experiential learning, cooperative learning, and simulation-based instruction, the paper outlines learning objectives, materials, implementation procedures, observer roles, and structured debriefing strategies suitable for undergraduate and …

Hospitality And Tourism Students’ Perceptions Of Well-Being, Belonging, And Engagement In Their Academic Endeavors And Extracurricular Activities, Cynthia S. Deale, Seung Hyun Lee

International Journal for Business Education

Background/Introduction/Purpose: This study examined hospitality and tourism college/university students’ views of their engagement, well-being, and sense of belonging in academic and extracurricular activities, based on 130 responses from students in the United States.

Methods: Descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the responses. Qualitative comments were also obtained.

Results:  Respondents felt positive overall about their engagement, and many participated in extracurricular activities. The relationships between class engagement and sense of belonging, and between campus engagement and sense of belonging were significant, and the sense of belonging significantly influenced student subjective …

The Role Of Generative Ai In Secondary School Business Education: Insights From Teachers’ Perceptions, Leonard Busuttil, Emanuel Mizzi

International Journal for Business Education

Background/Introduction/Purpose: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has entered classrooms more quickly than the evidence base needed to guide its use, and that evidence base remains concentrated in higher education. Comparatively little is known about secondary school business education, a curricular area that brings together accounting, business studies, economics, financial literacy, marketing, and retail, and in which teachers move between subjects whose epistemological and procedural demands differ considerably. Existing studies also tend to treat business education as a single homogeneous domain, or to examine one of its subjects in isolation. This study addresses that gap by examining how secondary school business education …

2026-09-10 Message From The President, Morehead State University. Office Of The President.

Staff Congress Records

Message sent on September 10, 2026 by the President to the campus community regarding upcoming dates and events for the Fall Semester, personeele and academic, construction news, campus personnel recognitions and other updates, summary of the Board of Regents meeting, and honoring University Legacies.

Developing A Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence System For Detecting Scientific Misinformation On Digital Platforms, Shorouq Al-Awawdeh, Ayah Al- Jafari

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

Objectives: This study develops and evaluates an Arabic scientific misinformation detection system by fine-tuning AraBERT-base-v2. It examines the effects of early stopping and input sequence length on model performance, interprets selected linguistic characteristics associated with misleading content, and discusses the limitations of using machine-translated data.

Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods design, employing a systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, supported by an interpretive qualitative reading. The initial database consisted of 23,546 records, including 123 Arabic articles collected from the Akeed, Sheek, and Taqeen platforms, and 23,423 foreign-language records drawn from the GossipCop and PolitiFact collections within FakeNewsNet. After …

Determinants Of Success Among Chinese Female Entrepreneurs, Lei Zhu, Orhan Kara, Wei Du, Mustafa Celikten

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

This study explores the determinants of entrepreneurial success among women in China, based on data collected from 180 female small business owners. Using an ordered logit model, the analysis examines a range of factors ranked by respondents as critical to their business performance. The results highlight several key factors that drive success, including good general management skills, maintenance of accurate records of sales/expenses, hard work, charisma/friendliness to customers, satisfactory government support, and support of family and friends. These findings reveal the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial success, emphasizing the importance of personal attributes, management practices, and external support systems in enhancing …

From Data To Decision-Making: The Role Of Local Digital Twins In Cross-Domain Management Within Municipalities – A Research-In-Progress Study In Veenendaal, Diana M.E. Boekman, Koen Smit, Guido Ongena, Rob Peters

Communications of the IIMA

Municipalities are facing increasingly complex, interconnected challenges in areas like housing, climate adaptation, mobility, and social policy. Local Digital Twins (LDTs) are seen as a promising tool to make this complexity more understandable and support decision-making. At the same time, both literature and practice show that few initiatives get past the pilot phase, even though getting through that phase is essential for successful long-term adoption.

This paper presents a research-in-progress study on the development and application of an implementation method for LDT technology within the municipality of Veenendaal, based on human values rather than driven by technological possibilities. Based on …

Progress Without Consent: Ai Deployment And The Democratic Legitimacy Gap, Engin Obucic, Ekrem Nurovic, Mersid Poturak

Communications of the IIMA

Drawing upon critical and technology studies, this conceptual provocation introduces the concept of “Progress without Consent”, referring to the introduction of AI technological innovation into society without collective societal deliberation, legitimacy and consent. The paper problematises the introduction of structurally transformative AI technology into society, the strategy of depolitisation of this technology, robotic automation of society without social mandate, and the manner in which technological innovation moves faster than democratic institutions can process its implications on societal structures. Ultimately, the authors argue, the development and deployment of AI does not belong to isolated labs and the private sphere of technological …

Designing Classifact: Towards A Transparent And Secure Platform For Stakeholder-In-The-Loop Data Annotation, Philippine Waisvisz

Communications of the IIMA

AI systems depend on human judgment, yet many annotation workflows are either designed for data-science specialists or managed through external commercial platforms. The first approach may demand more technical skills than relevant stakeholders possess. The second can require organizations to transfer data, expertise, and governance to an outside provider. Both can limit the involvement of people who understand what data means in its real-world context. Human-in-the-loop approaches introduce human judgment. Stakeholder-in-the-loop annotation focuses on selecting and organizing people whose contextual knowledge fits the AI application.

This paper presents Classifact, a transparent and secure platform for stakeholder-in-the-loop data annotation and validation. …

A Novel Entropy Based Maintainability Measurement Algorithm For Java Source Code., Remi M. Yusuf Mr, Md Shadab Mashuk, Julian Bass

Communications of the IIMA

Software metrics play a central role in assessing and managing the quality of software systems providing quantitative insights into attributes such as complexity, reliability, rigidity, modifiability and maintainability. Among these, maintainability is particularly critical, as it directly influences the ease of system evolution, long-term sustainability, and overall cost effectiveness. Despite the widespread use of metric-based maintainability measurement algorithms, capturing a value that reflects the maintainability situation of software source code remains a challenging task, especially in the presence of design deficiencies such as code smells. To measure changes in maintainability, this study experimentaly characterises the relationship between code smells and …

Which Cultural Values Influence The Success Of Process Implementations Within Sme Service Oriented Organizations In The Netherlands?, Dennis Monkel, Benny De Waal, Pascal Ravesteijn

Communications of the IIMA

Digitalization has shifted Business Process Management (BPM) from a technical discipline toward a stronger emphasis on culture, behaviour and organizational knowledge. Yet little is known about which cultural values support process implementation in SMEs. This study examines how BPM culture influences process implementation success in Dutch service-oriented SMEs, drawing on six values: customer orientation, excellence, responsibility, teamwork, innovation, and results orientation. A qualitative multiple case study was conducted across four SMEs, based on thirteen semi-structured interviews and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). While implementation success was assessed through employee acceptance, actual use and structural embedding. The findings show that …

Crisis, Reform, And Remittances: A Corridor Level Mixed Methods Examination Of Gcc–Nepal–Sri Lanka (2019–2024), Rubhesh Jha, Aloma Jayasundera

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines how institutions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Nepal, and Sri Lanka affect migrant earnings, remittance stability, the choice of transfer channels, and the use of remittances for development. This study uses a mixed‑methods approach that integrates institutional mapping, policy tracing, comparative case studies, and quantitative analysis of remittance flows (2019–2024). Migration corridors with stronger institutions are associated with fewer wage disruptions, more stable remittances, and greater use of formal transfer channels, conditional on the observed macroeconomic factors. This study introduces a corridor-level three-pillar institutional framework linking destination wage protection systems (WPS), origin recruitment/welfare, and financial infrastructure …

Beyond Alternative Finance: A Multi-Case Study Of Relational Validation In The Moroccan Crowdfunding Ecosystem Through Signaling And Social Capital Theories, Lamya Bouziani, Jalal Azegagh

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines how Moroccan entrepreneurs use crowdfunding as an alternative source of finance in a context characterized by limited access to traditional funding. Based on a qualitative multi-case design, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with ten entrepreneurs from different sectors and regions in Morocco. The study mobilizes Signaling Theory and Social Capital Theory to explore how entrepreneurs build trust and legitimacy throughout the crowdfunding process. The findings show that crowdfunding is perceived not only as a financing mechanism, but also as a way to overcome banking constraints and institutional limitations. Entrepreneurs rely on personal networks, storytelling, transparency, and …

Teacher Mentoring As A National Imperative: A Multi-Paper Dissertation, Ramiro Pesina

Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations

This multi-paper dissertation investigates teacher mentoring as a critical intervention in human resource development designed to address the complex challenges facing the teaching profession, including high attrition rates and the need for sustained professional support. The study is organized into three connected studies: an integrative literature review on technology enhanced mentoring, a longitudinal qualitative study that devises a comprehensive mentoring model covering cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects, and a phenomenological case study in which a formally structured mentoring program in a North Texas school district is analyzed in terms of execution and outcome. Critically important findings indicate that well-crafted mentoring …

The Role Of Financial Inclusion In The Quality Of Financial Decisions: A Descriptive And Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Startups In Iraq, Inam Abass Hamidi

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This research examines the role of financial inclusion in improving the quality of financial decisions for individuals and institutions in emerging and developing economies. The research focuses on how the availability of accessible formal financial services enhances the ability to make informed and rational financial decisions. The scope of the study includes examining the relationship between access to formal financial services and positive financial behavior, as the literature shows that individuals with higher levels of financial inclusion are more likely to engage in positive financial behaviors such as regular saving and responsible investing (Musa et al., 2025).  The research aims …

The Role Of Financial Decision-Making Methods In Achieving Financial Performance, Kifah Sami Hussein

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This research provides a comprehensive study of the role of financial decision-making methods in improving the financial performance of organizations, focusing on the strategic importance of various financial tools in supporting the process. The study aims to explore how the quality of financial decisions affects key performance indicators of organizations, highlighting the positive relationship between effective financial decision-making and achieving optimal financial results. The research also addresses the various factors that influence the effectiveness of financial decisions, including analytical tools, predictive models, and high-quality accounting information.
The research methodology relies on integrating quantitative and qualitative methods in a comprehensive manner, …

Instagram Marketing And Purchase Intentions In Malaysian Fashion Startups: The Mediating Role Of Online Consumer Engagement And Price Agreeableness, Chang Hao Han, Nelson Zee Yang Wong, Hoong Tat Teh

Jesselton Journal of Educators and Scholars

This study looks into how social media marketing campaigns run by Malaysian fashion startups on Instagram affect online consumer engagement, purchase intentions, and consumers' agreeableness toward the prices set by these brands. We conceptualized social media marketing campaigns as a second-order construct with four key dimensions： sharing, interactivity, popularity, and personalization. Consumer engagement, meanwhile, was captured through three behavioral dimensions: consuming, contributing, and co-creating brand-related content. Methodologically, we employed a quantitative single-method design. Data were gathered via an English-language online questionnaire, distributed from October 2023 to February 2024 to Malaysian Instagram users who followed fashion startup brands. After screening and …

Review Of: A Research Agenda For Religious Tourism, By Kiran A. Shinde & Joseph M. Cheer (Eds.), Lucrezia Lopez, Laura Augello

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Review of: A Research Agenda for Religious Tourism, by Kiran A. Shinde & Joseph M. Cheer (Eds.)

Review by Lucrezia Lopez ([email protected]), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, & Laura Augello ([email protected]; [email protected]), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain & University ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’ of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Spiritual Wanderings In ‘The Garden Of The Virgin Mary’ - Mount Athos, Dimitrios Mylonopoulos, Polyxeni Moira, Kyriakos Tselegidis

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Religious-cultural tourism is a form of alternative tourism associated with trips taken by individual travellers or organised groups to areas, sites or monuments with a strong religious character. Simultaneously, pilgrimage is manifested in these places as the totality of activities carried out by individuals or groups in areas, spaces, sites, and monuments of religious significance, with the predominant motivation being spiritual ascent from earth to heaven, i.e., communication with the Divine, fulfilling vows, or substantial participation in religious ceremonies and events (as part of one’s religion). A significant site with intense visitation and a large number of pilgrims is the …