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Articles 481 - 510 of 1238
Full-Text Articles in Business
The Dearth Of Entrepreneurship Among African Americans In Cleveland Inner City, Daniel M. Oruoch
The Dearth Of Entrepreneurship Among African Americans In Cleveland Inner City, Daniel M. Oruoch
Student Scholarship
This research paper examines the role of Mentoring and Role Modeling in enhancing entrepreneurship among African Americans in Cleveland Inner City. The paper analyzes indepth interviews of 15 African American entrepreneurs. The interviews were carried out among existing and upcoming entrepreneurs. Some of the interviewees are using the mentoring services to enhance their business potential. From the interviews, it is concluded that there seems to be low psychological capital among Black entrepreneurs in the inner city which requires the intervention of social capital in the form of mentoring and role modeling. The mentoring is done by successful African American entrepreneurs …
Change Leader Career Development: The Leveraging Of Social Networks In Planned Organizational Change, Zara F. Larsen
Change Leader Career Development: The Leveraging Of Social Networks In Planned Organizational Change, Zara F. Larsen
Student Scholarship
This research studies the extent to which a change leader is embedded in and leverages internal and external social networks to contribute to favorable project outcome\, influencing his or her career development upon completion of the change initiative. A conceptual framework will be presented to explore the premise that the effectiveness of the leader in implementing planned change is based on successful access to\, development and leveraging of social networks- the often informal structure of relationships among organizational members that provide invaluable resources such as information\, power\, and trust between individuals and groups. These resources are often critical for a …
Understanding The Decisions Of Trial Court Judges To Adopt A New Statewide Case Management System, James Hill
Understanding The Decisions Of Trial Court Judges To Adopt A New Statewide Case Management System, James Hill
Student Scholarship
This study analyzes the decisions of mid-level managers in an organization about whether or not to adopt a new information technology. Prior investigations of technology adoption have focused on firms or organization and the executives who lead them or end-users. They have largely ignored the people in the middle, the managers, who influence the executives and end-users and whose decisions help explain why the development and implementation of new technology falters or fails or succeeds. By contrast, this study uses a survey to explore the decisions of county-based trial court judges who have discretionary power to adopt or not adopt …
The Effect Of Term Limits And Professionalization On State Legislative Performance, Susan B. Waters
The Effect Of Term Limits And Professionalization On State Legislative Performance, Susan B. Waters
Student Scholarship
This paper examines the effects of term limits and state legislative professionalization on the performance of state legislatures in the United States by analyzing two key measures of performance: bond ratings and the ability of the states to adopt their budgets on time. All fifty states are included in the study, although some states do not have general obligation debt, and some states do not adopt their budgets as a whole but rather in multiple bills, making them ineligible for testing. Both professionalization and term limits increase the odds of a lower bond rating at a significance level of .05 …
Is "Culture Clash" In A Merger Or Acquisition Well Modeled As A Managerial Prisoner's Dilemma?, Todd Creasey
Is "Culture Clash" In A Merger Or Acquisition Well Modeled As A Managerial Prisoner's Dilemma?, Todd Creasey
Student Scholarship
Many mergers and acquisitions have proven successful due to their additional shareholder value creation, combined synergies in the research and development arena or improved consumer marketing of related products. This paper seeks to explain a primary cause of less successful mergers or acquisitions (M/A) through the prism of a multi-scale, iterative, Prisoner’s Dilemma taking place between department managers. The paper first presents the theory of the firm and its attempts to explain why companies merge and the sources of their subsequent success or failure brought on by M/A activity. Aspects of “Coping Theory,” “Resource (conservation) Theory,” and “Social Comparison Theory” …
Paying Online: The Effect Of Consumer Attitudes On E-Government, Ademola O. Solaru
Paying Online: The Effect Of Consumer Attitudes On E-Government, Ademola O. Solaru
Student Scholarship
With the rapid growth, acceptance and uses of the Internet for financial transactions, understanding the consumer decision process to pay for goods or settle obligations online has become important in the public and private sectors alike. Online payment applications have become a commonly offered alternative to traditional methods (phone, mail, cash), with merchants and government agencies actively encouraging consumers to make the switch. The objective of this study was to understand the factors that explain the consumers decision process to pay online, and also to understand the differences in the rapid adoption of e-Commerce, and, by comparison, slower adoption of …
Toward An Interpretive Evaluation Of Electricity Markets: Comparing Western U.S. And Northern Europe - Whether Common Knowledge Of Rationality Results In Correlated Equilibrium, Eric Charles Woychik
Toward An Interpretive Evaluation Of Electricity Markets: Comparing Western U.S. And Northern Europe - Whether Common Knowledge Of Rationality Results In Correlated Equilibrium, Eric Charles Woychik
Student Scholarship
Non-experts easily observe that the competitive Northern Europe electricity market2 reflects far less market manipulation (gaming) than in the Western U.S.3 Joseph Stiglitz presents a stark view of U.S. competition, particularly of deregulation gone amok: Basic laws of economics say that competition is supposed to result in zero profits; if the lobbyists really believed their proposals would result in intense competition, why were they investing so much in trying to convince the government to adopt these proposals that would, presumably, wipe away their profits? (Stiglitz 2003, at pg. 90). Competitive market research suggests that inter-firm competition can become muted by …
Health Alert: Underreported Medical Errors, Anna H. Gibson
Health Alert: Underreported Medical Errors, Anna H. Gibson
Student Scholarship
Patient medical errors cause thousands of individual injuries and deaths each year. Avoidable medical errors occur every day, thus creating serious concern as to the safety, ethical and legal implications in healthcare delivery. A literature review of scholarly work indicates medical errors are underreported both at the institutional level and on the individual level. This paper attempts to explain why medical errors are underreported. It considers reporting practices from other industries that are applicable to the medical industry, the importance of reporting medical errors along with those incidents that have the potential to improve patient safety and patient quality of …
Nigerian Immigrants Utilizing Ethnic Affiliation To Create And Transfer Social And Economic Capital To Develop Their Home Communities, James B. Ogundele
Nigerian Immigrants Utilizing Ethnic Affiliation To Create And Transfer Social And Economic Capital To Develop Their Home Communities, James B. Ogundele
Student Scholarship
Generation and transfer of capital by Nigerian immigrants to their homeland for development of their society and relatives seems to be the right things to do. From pure philanthropy concepts and theory, these goals should be easy to accomplish because of purposive benefits to the immigrants and their strong ethnic identity ties back home. Unfortunately there is a significant gap between existing theory and the actual practice. From personal experience and literature reviews, an individual immigrant's desire to transfer economic capital for assisting relatives and home communities have mixed results of success and failure with continuing frustrations and unintended consequences. …
Commitment And Cognitive Reinforcement In Workplace Values-Oriented Ethics Programs, Robert M. Krug
Commitment And Cognitive Reinforcement In Workplace Values-Oriented Ethics Programs, Robert M. Krug
Student Scholarship
Organizations requiring their employees to maintain consistent standards of ethical behavior have need of a means of disseminating the required standards throughout the organization. The use of selected workplace programs\, such as workplace ethics programs\, has been found to fulfill that requirement. The creation of certain types of workplace ethics programs requires the establishment of employee commitment to those programs\, as well as a means of reinforcing that commitment. This paper provides a preliminary conceptual framework for identifying and studying those elements that aid in the long-term sustainability of workplace ethics programs. Two related theories\, work commitment theory and innovation …
Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton
Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton
Student Scholarship
With departments of human resource (HR) struggling over the past ten years to establish an equal strategic role with operating managers and other functional specialties, there is ongoing debate regarding the strategic alignment and practical impact of human resource management (HRM) practices. A manageable domain for studying the impact of HR in supporting organization strategy is that of formal career system (CS) programs. Investments in CS programs are made with the expectation that there will be a return in the form of internally developed and strategically deployed managerial talent. However, do these systems actually influence internal labor market decisions, such …
Low Entrepreneurship Activities Among The African-Americans Who Live In The Cleveland Inner City, Daniel Musungu Oruoch
Low Entrepreneurship Activities Among The African-Americans Who Live In The Cleveland Inner City, Daniel Musungu Oruoch
Student Scholarship
The paper discusses business activities in the inner city of Cleveland Ohio, with specific emphasis on business creation and ownership of the African Americans in this location. The paper enables the reader to understand why there has been a lag in the establishment of African American business in comparison to their population in the inner city. In the whole of Cuyahoga County there are 33,000 businesses which have paid employees but only 932 of these are owned by African Americans who constitute 51 per cent of the population, a paltry 2.8 per cent. In the Cleveland inner city, which is …
Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton
Career System Practices: A Pallative Or Strategic Approach To Managerial Internal Labor Market Choices?, Schalon Harrison Newton
Student Scholarship
With departments of human resource (HR) struggling over the past ten years to establish an equal strategic role with operating managers and other functional specialties, there is ongoing debate regarding the strategic alignment and practical impact of human resource management (HRM) practices. A manageable domain for studying the impact of HR in supporting organization strategy is that of formal career system (CS) programs. Investments in CS programs are made with the expectation that there will be a return in the form of internally developed and strategically deployed managerial talent. However, do these systems actually influence internal labor market decisions, such …
Community Coalitions: Understanding Volunteer Dynamics In A Complex System, Carmen Simmons
Community Coalitions: Understanding Volunteer Dynamics In A Complex System, Carmen Simmons
Student Scholarship
In recent years, volunteers and practitioners alike have been drawn to creating and participating in various types of alliances and coalitions as a way to address and solve complex community problems. Community coalitions, in particular, have brought together diverse volunteers and agencies committed to specific community change. In many cases these community coalitions have been highly successful. However, just as often, they have failed to reach their goals and produced messy, unpredictable, and disappointing results. Community coalitions are complex systems populated with volunteers and professionals and their networks. They move these shadow systems forward in unpredictable and sometimes counterproductive ways …
Corporate Governance In The Era Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Larry W. Ettner
Corporate Governance In The Era Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Larry W. Ettner
Student Scholarship
In July 2002, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which mandated that public corporations substantially change their corporate governance practices. Sarbanes-Oxley was the result of egregious practice of corporations, directors, officers, and advisors, which resulted in billions of investor dollars being misappropriated and lost. Substantial corporate resources are being expended to comply with the intended (statutory) consequences of the Act. Within the framework of stockholder theory, the historic CEO-centric model of governance is being replaced by the independent director-centric model (post Sarbanes-Oxley). As a consequence of Sarbanes-Oxley, its foundational requirement of agency theory application advances an adversarial model of distrust. The …
End-Of-Life Decision-Making Through Advanced Directives And Pallative Care, Beth Lada Morse
End-Of-Life Decision-Making Through Advanced Directives And Pallative Care, Beth Lada Morse
Student Scholarship
There are many socio-cultural and economic factors that shape discussions about treatment options for terminally ill patients. These factors include access to life prolonging medical options, societal priorities regarding the allocation of limited health care resources, cost constraints of payers and societal consensus that patient autonomy underpins life-sustaining treatment decisions. The focus of this study is primarily directed to issues of end-of-life care decisions as they relate to advance directives (AD) and palliative care. It is argued that when death is expected or foreseeable, that advance care planning has value for the individual, family, organization and community. It is debatable …
Incentives For Pragmatic Collaborations: Factors For A Win-Win-Win Scenario For Managers, Firms And The Automotive Product Development Industry, Surendra S. Khambete
Incentives For Pragmatic Collaborations: Factors For A Win-Win-Win Scenario For Managers, Firms And The Automotive Product Development Industry, Surendra S. Khambete
Student Scholarship
Global automotive supply chains comprise of an intricate network of suppliers, brokers, manufacturers and customers. Within the industry structure and sometimes within automotive product development programs these firms could be competitors, customers, suppliers or partners at the same time. Firms are revisiting their non-core businesses and outsourcing to a set of strategic suppliers that help them be competitive. The players in the supply chain rarely cater to only one customer and hence it is important to develop a secure network when you know that your customers and suppliers will also be interacting with your competition. Developing this secure network involves …
A Journey With The End In Mind: An Examination Of How Advance Planning May Influence End-Of-Life Decisions, Elizabeth Lada Morse
A Journey With The End In Mind: An Examination Of How Advance Planning May Influence End-Of-Life Decisions, Elizabeth Lada Morse
Student Scholarship
There are many sociocultural and economic factors that shape discussions about treatment options for terminally ill patients. These factors include access to lifeprolonging medical options, societal priorities regarding the allocation of limited health care resources, cost constraints of payers, and societal consensus that patient autonomy underpins lifesustaining treatment decisions. The focus of this study is primarily directed to issues of endoflife care decisions as they relate to advance directives (ADs) and palliative care. It is argued that when death is expected or foreseeable, advance care planning has value for the individual, family, organization and community. It is debatable whether ADs …
Privatization, Liberalization, And Regulatory Reform: The Case Of Telecommunications, Amit K. Maitra
Privatization, Liberalization, And Regulatory Reform: The Case Of Telecommunications, Amit K. Maitra
Student Scholarship
A Concept Paper presented on the regulatory reforms which cover a wide range of ideas and policies, including privatization, liberalization, competition, and the establishment of independent regulatory regimes. The paper focuses on two aspects of decision making: (1) the types of interests and values that are regularly considered in shaping privatization decisions, whether they be related to various development goals, social goals, external considerations, or intangible factors; (2) the political-economic aspect, namely, the institutional features of any system that give preference, weight, or force to any particular argument, recommendation, or claim. Item two has been particularly under-attended in prior research. …
Rethinking The Differential In Precautionary Savings Between Blacks And Whites, Benjamin K. Ofili
Rethinking The Differential In Precautionary Savings Between Blacks And Whites, Benjamin K. Ofili
Student Scholarship
This study investigates the differences in precautionary savings between black and white Americans using the theories of reasoned action and individualism and collectivism. A sample size of 229 blacks and 397 whites for a total of 626 participated in the survey. This study finds that the reason for the difference in precautionary savings between blacks and whites is due to the influence of individualism and collectivism, which affects the saving decisions of the groups. Subjective norm and attitude affects saving behavior regardless of race. Behavioral intent mediates the effects of attitude and subjective norm toward saving behavior, indicating a favorable …
Investigating Factors That Influence Trial Court Judges' Adoption Of Technology, James L. Hill
Investigating Factors That Influence Trial Court Judges' Adoption Of Technology, James L. Hill
Student Scholarship
The adoption, subsequent deployment, and use of new technology, is a topic of great interest to scholars and practitioners alike. Research to date has done much to identify and understand factors that influence technology adoption decisions of end users (Morris, 2001; Roberts & Henderson, 2000). But much less has been done to distinguish and account for the factors that influence the adoption decisions and the behaviors of managers. This paper seeks to bring managers, in the guise of trial court judges, to the forefront and identify those factors and characterize their technology adoption behaviors. The research identifies five direct influences …
Regarding Historic Preservation: Historic Neighborhood Preservation Associations And Success, Brian W. Kenny
Regarding Historic Preservation: Historic Neighborhood Preservation Associations And Success, Brian W. Kenny
Student Scholarship
In spring 2004, residents of historic districts in Phoenix described how they achieve historic preservation success, which factors account for success, and why some designated districts seem to achieve more success than others do. Interview transcripts were parsed through ATLAS/ti qualitative analysis software. Subsequently, a theoretical model was conceptualized and sketched. Success in neighborhood historic preservation — how residents achieve successful historic preservation outcomes — remains an important question that hold potential for redirecting the focus of professional preservation managers. Such questions also provide neighborhood preservationists with opportunities to weigh methods for working more closely with their best ‘worthy opponents.’
A Tale Of Two Colleges: The Fiscal Crisis Of The 1990'S Strategies For Managing In Uncertainty, Penelope Wheeler Stohn Brouwer
A Tale Of Two Colleges: The Fiscal Crisis Of The 1990'S Strategies For Managing In Uncertainty, Penelope Wheeler Stohn Brouwer
Student Scholarship
Using a case methodology this study focuses on how two state colleges responded to fiscal stress in the decade of the 1990's, a period of national recession and political change for public higher education. Informed by archival information, fiscal data and interviews with campus decision makers, this work tells the story of how these two campuses addressed fiscal decline. The recollections and perceptions of those who played a role in crafting and implementing response to change are analyzed as efficiency and effectiveness strategies that comprised the unique approach taken by each college. "Shaw College" and "Dalton College" were deliberately chosen …
Institutionalism And Transformational Leadership: Exploring Linkages Between The Two Perspectives, Margaret L. Drugovich
Institutionalism And Transformational Leadership: Exploring Linkages Between The Two Perspectives, Margaret L. Drugovich
Student Scholarship
This research explored the ways in which the contemporary notion of transformational leadership might extend the neoinstitutional approach to organizational change and politics. The role of leadership in converting deeply taken-for-granted, change-impeding structures and practices, such as shared governance, into ones that facilitate organizational adaptation in the highly institutionalized field of liberal arts colleges was explored. It was hypothesized that the president’s leadership style would impact institutional outcomes such as financial viability, indices of quality, and curricular innovation by its effect on in-place consensus structures. It was further hypothesized that the effect of leadership on these outcomes would be moderated …
The Effect Of Term Limits On State Legislative Effectiveness, Susan B. Waters
The Effect Of Term Limits On State Legislative Effectiveness, Susan B. Waters
Student Scholarship
This paper studies the effect of term limits and the professionalism of legislatures on four states and concludes that term limits appear to have a negative effect on the ability of legislators to navigate the legislative process on behalf of their constituents, and that the professionalism of the legislature may compound this effect. Partisanship within the legislature, unity of government and the strength of the governor are seen as factors in legislative performance. Effectiveness is measured by enactment of legislation and the management of the budget process. This is an exploratory study into the effects of term limits and professionalism …
Where Potential Leads, Stephen S. Brand
Where Potential Leads, Stephen S. Brand
Student Scholarship
This study explores the influence of the personal characteristics of engineers and the nature of their work environment on innovation, characterized as generating revenue from innovative outputs. Using the paradigm of multiple intelligences developed by Gardner and its related literature, in concert with academic achievement in high school and the presence of a mentor, we empirically tested these relationships with over 250 engineers from one Fortune 500 corporation. The results show that although theory suggested direct positive influences of musical, spatial, logical and physical intelligences on revenue, only two of these intelligences had any direct effect and the effect was …
Change On The Frontlines: A Perspective From The Trenches, Manoj Nakra
Change On The Frontlines: A Perspective From The Trenches, Manoj Nakra
Student Scholarship
This research attempts to correlate outcomes of the change process as changes in work behaviors\, the individual response to change on the frontlines of an organization\, in terms of change content and process attributes. A goal of the research was to use existing research to develop an integrated understanding of what happens when change is implemented by understanding potential mechanisms that may be involved in influencing successful change. A causal model of organizational change is developed\, based upon the theory of planned behavior\, with attitude as a precursor to changes in work routines\, and causal linkages are hypothesized via three …
Environmental And Organizational Influences On Corporate Responses To Section 404 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002, Richard R. Clune
Environmental And Organizational Influences On Corporate Responses To Section 404 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002, Richard R. Clune
Student Scholarship
This study examined company plans for complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 from an institutional theory perspective. Qualitative research methods were employed by interviewing practitioners involved in Section 404 work and academics with research interests close to the subject. Through thematic coding a concept model was developed to illustrate environmental and organizational factors that may affect firms' choices. Strategic choices included actively resisting Section 404, for example, not yet starting to plan for Section 404, minimizing costs associated with compliance efforts, focusing on satisfying the external auditors and actively seeking strategic improvements. The concept model can …
Esop Accounts, Age, And Seniority: Effect On Work Related Behavior At Four Small Companies, Raymond A. Lancaster
Esop Accounts, Age, And Seniority: Effect On Work Related Behavior At Four Small Companies, Raymond A. Lancaster
Student Scholarship
The present study examined employees' work related behavior at four compnaies with Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs). The study's three hypotheses were: if a worker perceived he/she had a substantial economic interest in the firm through the ESOP, as the employee approached retirement age, or as the employee's years of service increased; then the employee's work related behavior would be positively affected. Companies participating in the study were small (annual revenues of $55 million or less), profitable (in at least four of the last five years), privately owned (no company shares traded in public markets), operated in the manufacturing sector, …
Everywhere Execept On Top: Women Executives In The Nonprofit Sector, Jane A. Van Buren
Everywhere Execept On Top: Women Executives In The Nonprofit Sector, Jane A. Van Buren
Student Scholarship
Seven large nonprofit organizations across the United States which had recently undergone executive director/CEO transition were selected for study. In interviews with key board members and CEOs, hiring criteria, organizational health and occupation and gender stereotypes were examined as mediators of the hiring process. Participants were asked to describe the factors which influenced the development of the hiring criteria, candidate selection and interview process. In all but one organization board members expressed their belief that they hired the best candidate for the job, regardless of gender. The results indicate that board of directors treat the hiring process very seriously and …