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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 1238
Full-Text Articles in Business
Some Manpower Planning Models Based On Educational Attainment, Warren L. Balinsky
Some Manpower Planning Models Based On Educational Attainment, Warren L. Balinsky
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is concerned with analytical solutions to manpower planning models. Dynamic feed-forward models are developed and analyzed. Optimal closed-form solutions minimizing given objective functions for the above models are developed. The models considered treat people as the only flow variable. The flow originates with some particular population of eligible persons and then traces them through the educational and economic sectors of the model. An objective function is developed, composed of educational costs and manpower "inventory" or penalty costs. The educational costs are for teacher and administrative salaries, investment in buildings and grounds, etc. The manpower penalty costs are for …
A Generalized Upper Bounding Algorithm For Multicommodity Network Flow Problems, James K. Hartman, Leon S. Lasdon
A Generalized Upper Bounding Algorithm For Multicommodity Network Flow Problems, James K. Hartman, Leon S. Lasdon
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
An algorithm for solving min cost or max flow multicommodity flow problems is described. It is a specialization of the simplex method, which takes advantage of the special structure of the multicommodity problem. The only non-graph or non-additive operations in a cycle involve the inverse of a working basis, whose dimension is the number of currently saturated arcs. Efficient relations for updating this inverse are derived.
Modeling And Simulation Of Urban Transportation Systems: A Survey, Juri Pill
Modeling And Simulation Of Urban Transportation Systems: A Survey, Juri Pill
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is essentially a survey of traffic network modeling techniques used in transportation studies and planning, a broad field with voluminous literature. It does not pretend to be exhaustive, but most of the relevant work is discussed, and an attempt is made to delineate an apparent trend in research approaches. Transportation research has grown in the past decade to the point where new journals have sprung up and funding is available; the problems of people movement are certainly not highest on the scale of current priorities, but improvements are in order. As with most other issues, transportation cannot be …
Deterministic And Stochastic R & D Resource Allocation Models, Donald C. Friedel
Deterministic And Stochastic R & D Resource Allocation Models, Donald C. Friedel
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The primary concern of this dissertation is R&D resource allocation. Although the discussions are directed toward allocating resources to R&D projects, the techniques developed may be applied to any type of project whose characteristics comply with the assumptions imposed upon the models. Since resource allocations to projects are obtained indirectly from the scheduling of the projects, project scheduling plays a significant role in this paper. Project selection, a third problem of concern to R&D management, is also considered, to a lesser extent, throughout the thesis. Projects are assumed to consist of phases that are arranged either in a network fashion …
Analysis Of The Exploratory Development Project Evaluation Experiment, Burton V. Dean, Samuel Jackson Mathis, Benjamin Lev, Joseph A. Svestka, Mauricio Adler
Analysis Of The Exploratory Development Project Evaluation Experiment, Burton V. Dean, Samuel Jackson Mathis, Benjamin Lev, Joseph A. Svestka, Mauricio Adler
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper details an exploratory development project evaluation (EDPE) experiment aimed at developing and testing a method to obtain quantitative data using subjective judgments for evaluating research and development (R&D) projects. The experiment, conducted at the U.S. Army Materiel Command, utilized a modified DELPHI Method involving a panel of twelve members. Key findings include the panelists’ ability to reach consensus in two rounds, the sufficiency of a small number of factors for linear model formulation, and the absence of significant bias. The results suggest potential for further experimentation to validate the EDPE method’s predictive capability.
A Model For The Development Of Measures Of Effectiveness In Airlift Planning, Alexander Brandt
A Model For The Development Of Measures Of Effectiveness In Airlift Planning, Alexander Brandt
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
A mathematical model of a military airlift problem is formulated. The model includes an algorithm for the solution of the Traveling Salesman problem. The model's solution is utilized in the allocation of aircraft to routes so that the cost of an airlift operation is minimized. A procedure for finding the optimum solution to the Traveling Salesman problem is programmed for the UNIVAC - 1108 digital computer using the FORTRAN language. The computer program was given preliminary testing on 3 digit random number distance matrices and was shown to be operationally practical and economical. For illustrative purposes an example is presented …
Curriculums In The Operations Research Department At Case Western Reserve University, Patrice Breining
Curriculums In The Operations Research Department At Case Western Reserve University, Patrice Breining
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The courses within the Operations Research Department were classified into one of four major fields (i.e., Optimization Theory, Stochastic Systems Behavior, Information Processing, and Research and Development). Courses within a field must usually be taken in a pre-defined order. However, since those in different categories are almost independent, and those in Research and Development (R&D) do not usually require specific prerequisites, one can consider three independent oriented networks. These are used to design the average schedule which draws from each course category. The programs of study of 50 randomly selected students registered in the Department between Fall 1967 and Fall …
Comparison Of Replacement Strategies, Arvind Jain, K.P. K. Nair
Comparison Of Replacement Strategies, Arvind Jain, K.P. K. Nair
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In this paper, replacement strategies applicable to failing type items with monotonically increasing failure rate are considered. In particular, multistage as well as single stage strategies are compared with respect to the Behaviour of their important characteristics. Considerations in the choice and implementation of the strategies are discussed besides outlining a few typical applications.
The Delphi Method, Substance, Context, A Critique And An Annotated Bibliography, Juri Pill
The Delphi Method, Substance, Context, A Critique And An Annotated Bibliography, Juri Pill
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper is concerned with a methodology for efficiently obtaining consensus from a panel of evaluators on questions that are shrouded in uncertainty and cannot be measured or evaluated in the classical sense. The methodology and its historical development are described, it is placed in context vis-à-vis other methods of subjective scaling, and a critique is provided. An extensive and current annotated bibliography is presented.
An Annotated Bibliography: Job-Shop Scheduling, Nandakumar M. Balwally
An Annotated Bibliography: Job-Shop Scheduling, Nandakumar M. Balwally
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This document provides a brief survey on job-shop scheduling and related annotated bibliography.
An Application Of The Matrix Method In Physiological Psychology Research Planning, Burton V. Dean, Samuel Jackson Mathis, Harvey M. Salkin, R. Chandrasekaran
An Application Of The Matrix Method In Physiological Psychology Research Planning, Burton V. Dean, Samuel Jackson Mathis, Harvey M. Salkin, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This report describes a series of experiments concerning an application of the Matrix Method of evaluating research tasks. An initial model is concerned with zero-one relationships, while the final model is concerned with weighted alternatives. Contributions from each task towards a set of objectives is determined. Applications of integer programming to allocation models is also discussed.
A General Model For Investment Decisions; A Stochastic Extension, Arnold Reisman, Arza K. Rao
A General Model For Investment Decisions; A Stochastic Extension, Arnold Reisman, Arza K. Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In the general situation in which investments and/or equipment replacements have to be made at several points of time, Reisman and Buffa have developed a model which will reduce to their present worth all disbursements and receipts involved in the possession and operation of a succession of equipments. This paper deals with a stochastic variation of the above model. General expressions are derived for the expected values of the Purchase Prices, Salvage Values, Operating Expenses and Revenues. The model assumes that the lives of equipment are also stochastic in nature. The case when the rate of return is a function …
A Preliminary Systems And Allocation Study Of The Cleveland Police Department, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Andrew Frank Daughety, Ronald Ehresman, Vaughn E. Huckfeldt, Marylou Kiley, Coskun Pekmezciler
A Preliminary Systems And Allocation Study Of The Cleveland Police Department, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Andrew Frank Daughety, Ronald Ehresman, Vaughn E. Huckfeldt, Marylou Kiley, Coskun Pekmezciler
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study develops a systems description of the information flows in the Cleveland Police Department relating to the Bureau of Operations. A suitable response and assignment queue is defined as a sequence involving the citizen waiting time from the observation of an incident to communication with police headquarters, a police dispatch queue, and a patrol assignment and report queue. A mathematical model for the allocation of patrol resources is developed so as to minimize an objective function based on patrol- response time and the values of different police services to the community. Recommendations for testing and implementation of the model …
Reliability Of A Repairable System With Spares Deterioration In Storage, R. Natarajan, S. Subba Rao
Reliability Of A Repairable System With Spares Deterioration In Storage, R. Natarajan, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Reliability characteristics such as long-run availability and the time to system failure (TSF) of a system consisting of a single unit in use backed by (N-1) spares and C repair facilities have been obtained when failures of the unit in use as well as spares in storage occur with constant failure rates λ1 and λ2, respectively, and the repair time of these units follows an exponential distribution with parameter μ. The long-run availability has been derived using known results of birth and death processes. Making use of the property that the TSF period followed by a system down (SDT) period …
Comparison Of Replacement Strategies For Items That Fail, Arvind Jain, K.P. K. Nair
Comparison Of Replacement Strategies For Items That Fail, Arvind Jain, K.P. K. Nair
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In this paper, replacement strategies applicable to failing type of items with monotonically increasing failure rate are considered. In particular, multistage as well as single stage strategies are compared with respect to the behaviour of their important characteristics. Considerations in the choice and implementation of the strategies are discussed.
Capital Budgeting/Project Selection By Mathematical Programming: An Annotated Bibliography, Roy B. Larson
Capital Budgeting/Project Selection By Mathematical Programming: An Annotated Bibliography, Roy B. Larson
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This document is an outgrowth of research undertaken as part of the author's Doctoral studies in the Organizational Sciences. A portion of the work was completed in partial fulfillment of requirements for a readings course in Operations Research, taken in the spring semester, 1969, under Dr. Yoshiro Kuratani. The motivation behind both the course work and the subsequent effort was purely personal: the comprehensive survey of literature relevant to the application of mathematical programming methods in corporate planning, anticipating the preparation of a dissertation in this subject area.
On Electrical Analogy Of Critical Path Method, K. Shankar, K.P. K. Nair
On Electrical Analogy Of Critical Path Method, K. Shankar, K.P. K. Nair
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Critical path method of project planning, scheduling and control has gained considerable importance because of its theoretical novelty and practical value. Essentially, this technique is based on the theory of flow through network. Although the structure of a project network holds analogy with electrical net, the branch characteristics fail to have the analogy. Battersby has solved this problem by introducing two kinds of floats, namely, duration and resource floats in the network. In this paper, complete electrical analogy is established following a somewhat different approach. With this approach current is injected or released at the appropriate nodes. The resulting G, …
A Process With Chain Dependent Growth Rate - Part Ii The Ruin And Ergodic Problems, Julian Keilson, S. Subba Rao
A Process With Chain Dependent Growth Rate - Part Ii The Ruin And Ergodic Problems, Julian Keilson, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
In [5] the homogeneous process X(t) defined on a finite irreducible Markov chain P(t) was studied. The process was characterized by an overall transition rate v per unit time, and P the matrix of transition probabilities for the chain and a linear growth for X(t) dependent on the chain; viz. d/dt X(t) = v•. The central limit behavior of the process was exhibited in [5]. For the case when the chain had only two states, the ruin and ergodic problems were considered in [4] for the bounded process. The object of this paper is to investigate the ruin and ergodic …
Some Stochastic Systems With Secondary Inputs, Izzet Sahin
Some Stochastic Systems With Secondary Inputs, Izzet Sahin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study investigates the limiting behavior of stochastic processes in systems with two types of inputs of differing statistical nature and linear continuous output. Type 1 input points are modeled as a time-homogeneous Poisson process, while Type 2 input points follow a recurrent process, both with magnitudes that are mutually independent, identically distributed, positive random variables. Conditions for the existence of limiting distributions are established, yielding practical results for queueing theory, storage theory, and insurance risk theory. Using a vector-Markov process, the problem is reduced to solving an integral equation via Wiener-Hopf factorization. Closed-form results for Laplace transforms of limiting …
Reliability With Standbys, S. Subba Rao, R. Natarajan
Reliability With Standbys, S. Subba Rao, R. Natarajan
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The reliability of complex systems is improved by providing redundancy in the design of the systems. When a component fails, it is replaced immediately from a standby, and the failed component is either repaired and put back into operation or discarded. The reliability characteristics of the system depend on the nature of the standby--hot, cold, or warm--and the availability or lack of repair facilities. This paper attempts to review the work done in the area of reliability of standby systems.
A Preliminary Report On The Economic Impact Of Research And Development Budget Decrements, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Richard Kominowski, Arun Sanghvi
A Preliminary Report On The Economic Impact Of Research And Development Budget Decrements, Burton V. Dean, Arnold Reisman, Richard Kominowski, Arun Sanghvi
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a decrement in the level of financing of R&D projects by the federal government upon research organizations and upon the local regional economy. Specifically, we have developed a computer simulation model to investigate the dynamic effects of budget documents on the research organization and the economy in which it is located. A flow chart about to be incorporated in a computer program is presented.
Stock Market Responses To Risks Associated With Various Levels Of Financial Leverages, Yoshiro Kuratani, Joseph E. Bechtold, Samuel J. Mantel Jr.
Stock Market Responses To Risks Associated With Various Levels Of Financial Leverages, Yoshiro Kuratani, Joseph E. Bechtold, Samuel J. Mantel Jr.
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This study examines the relationship between a company’s capital structure, specifically its debt-equity ratio, and the market value of its common stock. The hypothesis asserts that the market value follows an inverse U-shaped function of the debt-equity ratio. A cross-sectional stock valuation model provides empirical evidence supporting this claim. Theoretical arguments include: (a) Companies with no or low debt fail to capitalize on the benefits of low-cost debt, resulting in lower stock valuations; and (b) excessive debt increases financial risk and embedded interest costs, amplifying total risk and deterring investors, which in turn depresses stock value. The findings highlight the …
Experiments On Scheduling Disciplines In Surgery: A Simulated Queueing Approach, Augustine O. Esogbue
Experiments On Scheduling Disciplines In Surgery: A Simulated Queueing Approach, Augustine O. Esogbue
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Research in hospital systems suggests the grouping of the various rules for allocating facilities to requests in surgery into five major categories called scheduling disciplines. This paper reports an effort to analyze and compare the efficiencies of these policies using queueing theory and computer simulation. Results obtained from actual studies of two major hospitals are provided in the form of graphs and figures. Given a facility with N operating rooms and depending on management's objectives, an optimal scheduling doctrine can be devised using these graphs. These graphs can also aid in the optimal planning and design of hospital facilities.
Evaluation And Budgeting Model For A System Of Social Agencies, Arnold Reisman, Samuel J. Mantel Jr., Burton V. Dean, Norman C. Eisenberg, Allan L. Service
Evaluation And Budgeting Model For A System Of Social Agencies, Arnold Reisman, Samuel J. Mantel Jr., Burton V. Dean, Norman C. Eisenberg, Allan L. Service
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
An application of Operations Research methods to the planning and budgeting problems of a federation of 21 voluntary, private, social agencies is described. The agencies involved include a major community hospital, several old age homes, several educational institutions ranging all the way from primary grades to higher education, and individual, family, and vocational counselling agencies. The goals of the system are identified and a basic structural unit, the client-service-agency package is developed. A measure of package output is formulated, incorporating elements that deal with physical throughput, quality, and value of service. This measure of output can be used to generate …
A History Of Industrial Research In The United States, Michael Massouh
A History Of Industrial Research In The United States, Michael Massouh
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
Today, the products of industrial research are visible everywhere. Moreover, the activity of industrial research is viewed as basic to a company's and indeed a country's continuing economic development. Industrial research has become such an important enterprize that it has itself become the subject of extensive studies for which Project Themis is a recent example. Moreover, the impact of all research is so profound that in many quarters it is taken for granted. Yet, this situation was not always the case. Historically, industrial research as practiced today is a relatively modern development having taken place within the last century. It …
A Special Case Of The Complementary Pivot Problem, R. Chandrasekaran
A Special Case Of The Complementary Pivot Problem, R. Chandrasekaran
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This paper addresses a fundamental problem in linear programming, quadratic programming, and bimatrix games: solving a system involving vectors w and z, subject to complementarity and non-negativity constraints. Existing algorithms solve this problem when the matrix M meets specific properties such as being positive semi-definite, copositive-plus, or adequate. The paper extends the problem to a broader class of matrices, including L-matrices, which are not necessarily copositive-plus, adequate, or positive semi-definite. An efficient algorithm is introduced to solve the problem for this generalized class, and its steps and correctness are detailed.
The M/G/1 Queue With Semi-Markov Service Times, N.K. Jaiswal, S. Subba Rao
The M/G/1 Queue With Semi-Markov Service Times, N.K. Jaiswal, S. Subba Rao
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
The queuing process M|G|1 is studied under the assumption that the successive service times form a M-state semi-Markov Process. This model has been studied earlier by Nuets (1966). The present approach to the problem is, however, different and will be helpful in studying a large number of ramifications of this basic model.
Mathematical Programming, Computers And Large Scale Water Resource Systems, Augustine O. Esogbue
Mathematical Programming, Computers And Large Scale Water Resource Systems, Augustine O. Esogbue
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This article discusses the complexity of water resource systems and the interdisciplinary nature of addressing their associated challenges. It emphasizes the subjective nature of defining such systems, as perspectives differ across disciplines (engineering, economics, law, etc.) and geographical contexts (humid versus arid regions). Large-scale water resource problems, particularly multi-purpose regional systems, are characterized by their complexity, often requiring advanced analytical tools from systems engineering and operations research for optimal solutions. Key approaches to solving these large-scale problems include approximation, abstraction, and hierarchical or multilevel methods, each with distinct techniques for simplifying and coordinating system components. These methodologies help address complex …
A Research Bibliography On "Two-Stage" Probabilistic Programming 1964-1969, Robert E. Fricks
A Research Bibliography On "Two-Stage" Probabilistic Programming 1964-1969, Robert E. Fricks
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This presentation is an outgrowth of an earlier report "Probabilistic Programming 1950-1963: An Annotated Bibliography" which has appeared as Technical Memorandum No. 155 of the Department of Operations Research, School of Management, Case Western Reserve University. The organization, format, and rationale for this document is drawn from that of the former which should be consulted as to the structural details of this summary. It is noted in passing that an attempt has been made to provide the most complete and up-to-date reference citations possible. Where only partial information as to the literature citation is presented in the entry provided, it …
Enumerative Algorithms For Integer And Mixed Integer Programs, Harvey M. Salkin
Enumerative Algorithms For Integer And Mixed Integer Programs, Harvey M. Salkin
Research Reports from the Department of Operations
This thesis presents two flexible zero-one integer programming (single branch enumerative) algorithms. It is shown that the first method, applicable to the general program (i.e., min.(c'y: Ay<=b, y_j=0 or 1) ), has the ability, via a new dynamic origin technique, to adapt to the problem data. Other pioneering features, which assist in curtailing the length of the search, are linear programming, post optimization, and criteria for selecting branches from feasible nodes. Using this approach as a foundation, an extension for the mixed integer program (i.e., min.(c'y+d'x: Ay+Dx<=b, x>=0, y_j=0 or 1) ) is discussed. The second algorithm, applicable to the set covering problem (i.e., min.(c'y: Ry>=e, y>=0, y integer); where R is a matrix of 0's and 1's, and e is a vector of 1's), basically obtains upper and lower bounds on the integer problem from the associated linear program. It is shown, by certain proved facts, that one can always obtain two (and sometimes three) integer feasible …