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Full-Text Articles in Native American Studies

Mixed Feelings: The Emotional Appeals Of Zitkala-Ša’S American Indian Stories, Kayla Joan Baur May 2024

Mixed Feelings: The Emotional Appeals Of Zitkala-Ša’S American Indian Stories, Kayla Joan Baur

Publications and Research

Zitkala-Ša (Lakota: Zitkála-Šá, meaning Red Bird) was among the first to write about the experiences of Native American children in the U.S. Indian boarding school program to an English-speaking audience. As a writer and political activist, Zitkala-Ša uses emotional appeals and cultural ideas she learned through her white education to expose the very boarding school institutions that taught her. In American Indian Studies (1921), Zitkala-Ša critiques the violence that the Indian boarding school system inflicts on young Native Americans. She presents these critiques through emotional appeals that take two forms: one, a more traditional sentimental appeal associated with middle-class white …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1975

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1975

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1975

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1975

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1975, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1974

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1974

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Francis Mission, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1974

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Francis Mission, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1974

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1974, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1973

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1973

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1973

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Nebraska, Winnebago Reservation, St. Augustine's Mission School, 1973, John D. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1973

Nebraska, Winnebago Reservation, St. Augustine's Mission School, 1973, John D. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Nebraska

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year.  Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location.  Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically.  Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1973

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1973, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1972

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1972

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1972

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1972

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1972, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1971

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1971

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1971

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1971

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1971, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1970

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1970

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Francis Mission, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1970

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Francis Mission, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1970

Michigan, Harbor Springs, Holy Childhood School, 1970, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Michigan

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Nebraska, Winnebago Reservation, St. Augustine's Mission School, 1969, John D. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1969

Nebraska, Winnebago Reservation, St. Augustine's Mission School, 1969, John D. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Nebraska

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year.  Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location.  Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically.  Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1969

Wisconsin, Lac Court Orielle Reservation, St. Francis Solanus Mission School, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1969

Wisconsin, Bayfield, Holy Family School And Red Cliff Reservation, St. Fracis Mission, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …


Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions Jan 1969

Wisconsin, Neopit, St. Athony's Mission School, 1969, John B. Tennelly, Bureau Of Catholic Indian Missions

Wisconsin

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (BCIM) was created in 1874 as the Office of the Commissioner for Catholic Indian Missions to protect, promote, and administer the Native American mission interests of the Catholic Church in the United States. Records in this group are organized by record group and then state or territory and year. Collection organization varies very little throughout the collection, however, prior to 1921, general correspondence was organized by location. Starting with Director Hughes, general correspondence was placed as its own subgroup within the collection and is organized alphabetically. Please go to Ask An Archivist if you …