Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons^™

The Cardi B–Beyoncé Complex: Ratchet Respectability And Black Adolescent Girlhood, Ashley N. Payne

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

The identity of Black girls is constantly subject to scrutiny in various spaces, particularly within Hip Hop and education. Previous scholarship has noted that, as Black girls are compelled to navigate the margins of respectability politics, the images and messages of Hip Hop culture have always created a complicated and complex space for Black girls’ identity development. The purpose of this article is to explore how Black adolescent girls construct their identities, particularly as it relates to ratchet-respectability identity politics, a concept called the Cardi B–Beyoncé́ complex. In examining the Cardi B–Beyoncé́ complex, I look at the intersection of …

Black Rural Feminist Trap: Stylized And Gendered Performativity In Trap Music, Corey Miles

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Hip Hop, particularly trap music, has been conceptualized as male-centered, despite Black women’s role in its inception. This paper engages with trap music as a structural template that is co-constructed and used as a site of articulation by Black women to engage in gendered performativity. Rather than engaging with trap lyrics as literal representations of artists’ desires and politics, I examine the types of gender constructions that are enabled when the aesthetic structure of trap music performativity is centered. I analyze this through ethnographic research in northeast North Carolina, situating trap music within a Hip Hop feminist framework. I contend …

Foreword, Travis T. Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

No abstract provided.

Letter To Jatavia Johnson And Caresha Brownlee (The City Girls), Kyra March

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

This letter to Jatavia Johnson and Caresha Brownlee (the City Girls) argues that the rap duo’s brand, music, and videos are prime examples of Hip Hop and percussive feminism. It also explains how their contributions to the rap industry as Black womxn have inspired other Black womxn to embrace their sexuality, live freely, and disregard politics of respectability. Personal experiences from the author are incorporated to display how the City Girls are empowering and inspiring a new generation of Black womxn and girls. Additionally, critiques from the media and double standards between white and Black womxn in the entertainment industry …

It’S Complicated: Black Hip Hop Feminist Art Commentary On Us Democracy, Camea Davis

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Part narrative reflection, part artistic installation, this work contemplates the tensions and the possibilities of Hip Hop culture, Black womanhood, and American democracy in the United States. The significance of this work is twofold: (1) The authors use Hip Hop feminism to develop a framework for Hip Hop activism as a public pedagogy on US politics, and (2) they provide commentary on US democracy from a Black Hip Hop feminist perspective through art. This article contributes an argument for a creative ontological space from which Black women can reimagine a justice-centered US democracy.

“Yeah, I’M In My Bag, But I’M In His Too”: How Scamming Aesthetics Utilized By Black Women Rappers Undermine Existing Institutions Of Gender, Diana Khong

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

2018 was the year of the “scammer,” in which many Black women rappers took on “scamming” aesthetics in their lyrics and music video imagery. Typified by rappers such as City Girls and Cardi B, the scammer archetype is characterized by the desire for financial gain and material possessions and the emotional disregard of men. This paper investigates how Black women rappers, in employing these themes in their music, subvert existing expectations of gender by using the identity of the scammer as a restorative figure. The objectification of men in their music works in counterpoint to the dominant gender system and …

Twenty-First Century B.I.T.C.H. Frameworks: Hip Hop Feminism Comes Of Age, Aria S. Halliday, Ashley N. Payne

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

This special issue is dedicated to the bad bitches. The ratchet women. The classy women. The hood feminists. The “feminism isn’t for everybody” feminists. Those women, femmes, and girls who continuously (re)present and (re)construct Black girl/womanhood. The creatives, the innovators, the women that are “often imitated, but never duplicated.” This issue is dedicated to you and the ways in which you challenge us to (re)define what it means to be Black girls/women in this world and what it means to reclaim power over your own representation and images. This issue is for you, defined by you, and inspired by you.

Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith

History in the Making

There is limited information on the life of the nineteenth century female slave with most details compiled from the narratives of well-known women such as Sojourner Truth. Professor Erlene Stetson and other historians argue that scholars treat slavery as a male phenomenon and the female is merely looked upon as a breeder, while noted African-American activist Angela Davis calls for a more accurate portrayal to debunk derogatory myths. This paper addresses the issue of image with the argument that the enslaved African-American woman possessed no image of her own. It focuses on the story of a runaway female slave named …

California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel

History in the Making

Discussions of unfree labor systems in the United States have long been focused on history of institutionalized slavery on the East coast and plantation slavery in the American South. However, recent scholars have challenged the definitions of unfree labor systems based solely on the framework of American slavery in these areas. Forced Indian labor in the territory of Alta California between the late 18th and mid-nineteenth centuries has offered historians a major counter-example of institutionalized unfree labor within the United States. This paper focuses on explaining the social context under which the 1850 "An Act for the Government and Protection …

Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta

History in the Making

The California citrus industry was the engine for the economic and cultural development of twentieth century Southern California. Studies have also focused on citrus as specialty crop agriculture. Its labor usage pattern required the economic, social, and political powerlessness of its workers. Growers and workers shared the spaces of the citrus groves and packinghouses, but otherwise led largely separate lives, delineated by class and race. Community formation during the Great Depression is examined from each perspective – dominant Anglo grower society and workers of Mexican descent. Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism provides a …

Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal

History in the Making

Vast research can be found on African Americans’ culture and their use of humor to overcome struggles within American society. Much of the research found focuses on the study of African American humor in literature, folk tales, art, and theatre, but little has been done on the study of black stand-up comedy in the 1960s and comics’ use of humor to overcome and combat racism and social struggles during this decade. Different methods of approach are used to gain a broader understanding of the use of humor as a combative tool by black comics in the 1960s. The comedic performances …

Imperial Myths, Abject Devotion: Mapping Affect In New Mexican Visual Culture And Discourse, N. C. Lira-Pérez

American Studies ETDs

New Mexican visual art and culture, as molded by state-sanctioned endeavors, is often casted in order to conceal the tension, conflict, and violence of settler colonialism and imperialism. Widely known myths of empire, such as the Tricultural myth, create a visualizing enterprise through which settler colonial logics transit and create political material reality. This thesis explores the following questions: How do New Mexican Hispanos and queer Chicanxs position themselves in relation to the logics of settler colonialism and empire? How are they positioned in relation to settler colonialism and empire? On the one hand, I argue that the state of …

Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Black Americans With Diabetes, Ted Studt

Biology Summer Fellows

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all Americans in varying ways, but it has hit the American Black population particularly hard. It also impacts immunocompromised individuals, especially those with conditions that involve damage to or hindering of the cardiovascular or respiratory systems. I found myself asking several questions – how much did this affect individuals who suffer from such conditions, especially those who are Black Americans; how much does systemic racism play in the current pandemic; what could be done about all this; and so on. Since I myself have lived with type I diabetes for almost two decades at the …

Militarizing Marriage : West African Soldiers’ Conjugal Traditions In Modern French Empire, Sarah J. Zimmerman

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

Following tirailleurs sénégalais’ deployments in West Africa, Congo, Madagascar, North Africa, Syria-Lebanon, Vietnam, and Algeria from the 1880s to 1962, Militarizing Marriage historicizes how African servicemen advanced conjugal strategies with women at home and abroad. Sarah J. Zimmerman examines the evolution of women’s conjugal relationships with West African colonial soldiers to show how the sexuality, gender, and exploitation of women were fundamental to the violent colonial expansion and the everyday operation of colonial rule in modern French Empire.

These conjugal behaviors became military marital traditions that normalized the intimate manifestation of colonial power in social reproduction across the empire. Soldiers’ …

Confederate Statues Are Monuments To The ‘Lost Cause’ Cult Of White Supremacy, Judith Ezekiel

Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Role Of Municipal Governance In Stabilizing Mature Inner Suburbs: A Study Of Five St. Louis Municipalities 1970-2015, Napoleon Williams Iii

Dissertations

This study explores the role of municipal governance in municipal-level stabilization of inner suburbs in St. Louis County, Missouri. The data, from 1970 to 2015, include a robust collection of official government archives collected from five municipalities in St. Louis County, historical documents, city-state-national statistical data, and related materials. Interviews of 25 stakeholders were conducted and data were analyzed based on the community power structure framework.

I outline five mature St. Louis inner suburbs’ evolution in municipal-level conditions from 1970 to 2015, and I detail the role each suburbs’ municipal governance played in the evolution of municipal-level conditions. I conclude, …

Black Women’S Lives Matter, Judith Ezekiel

Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

'My Hope Is That John Lewis’ Life Will Be As A Beacon To Our Young", Preston Love Jr.

Black Studies Faculty Publications

Congressman John Lewis was a friend of mine for 40 years. I mourn the passing of my dear friend, who was 80.

Los Textiles Mayas Contemporáneos De Yucatán (México) En El Espejo De La Iconografía Precolombina, Danielle Dupiech Cavaleri

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

La investigación llevada con unas veinte bordadoras de 50 a 105 años de edad en los pueblos de Maní, Xaya, Xócen y Xohuayan ha permitido rescatar la información contenida en los dechados que las mujeres conservan preciosamente. Los datos recopilados que fueron analizados, comparándolos con elementos encontrados en los informes publicados sobre excavaciones arqueológicas; con la iconografía presente en la cerámica prehispánica; con los motivos de los atavíos de los personajes que aparecen en las estelas, los bajos relieves, las estatuas de barro y las pinturas murales; con los pictogramas encontrados en los códices Mayas; con los mitos y leyendas …

Talking About Casino Gambling: Community Voices From Boston Chinatown, Carolyn Wong, Giles Li

Institute for Asian American Studies Publications

This pilot study examined the casino gambling practices of residents and workers in Boston Chinatown. The aim was to learn about the trajectory and life context of individual participants’ gambling activity, including how individual participants describe their motivation, nature and frequency of gambling, and its effects on self and family. The research was conducted by a university based research team in partnership with the Boston Chinatown Neighborhood Center, and with the assistance of the Massachusetts Council on Compulsive Gambling.

The stories told by participants illustrate multiple and overlapping risk factors for problem gambling. Our conceptual approach took into account the …

Figurillas Masculinas Con Atributos De Rango, Del Centro De México, Durante El Formativo, Patricia Ochoa Castillo

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

Las figurillas del periodo Formativo (2300 a.C.-100 d.C.), de la Cuenca de México, modeladas en barro, antropomorfas y sólidas, se distinguen por ser representaciones realistas, y al parecer, algunas de ellas son versiones a escala que muestran personajes, es decir, son pequeñas esculturas inspiradas en algunos miembros de la comunidad que se destacan por sus atributos o parafernalia. Estos atributos son indicadores de un claro reconocimiento de diferenciación social, asociados con personajes que desempeñaban roles específicos dentro de la sociedad y que, al parecer, son recreaciones de jugadores de pelota.

Figurines from the Formative period (2300 b.C.-100 a.C.) in the …

Iconografía En El Paisaje. Vida Cotidiana Y Prácticas Sociales En El Arte Rupestre En El Noreste De México, Luis J. Abejez, Cristina Corona Jamaica

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

El noreste de México es una de las áreas más ricas en arte rupestre del país. Durante miles de años, los grupos humanos que habitaron esta región dejaron constancia de su presencia por medio de las pinturas y grabados que realizaron en cuevas, abrigos y rocas. El estudio interdisciplinar de este lenguaje visual puede proporcionar una valiosa información para el conocimiento de esas poblaciones. Entre otros aspectos, permite una aproximación a su pensamiento simbólico, la percepción que tenían del mundo físico y espiritual, y cómo percibieron y utilizaron el territorio en su cotidianidad.

Northeastern Mexico is one of the richest …

Tradiciones Plásticas Y Ontologías: Problemas En Torno Al Estudio De La Iconografía Del Período Medio Del No. Argentino, María Alba Bovisio

Congreso internacional sobre iconografía precolombina, Barcelona, 2019. Actas.

En este trabajo se analizan piezas producidas entre los siglos VII-XI, en el valle de Hualfín (Catamarca, Argentina) con fines cúlticos y ceremoniales, que presentan una iconografía de notable complejidad. Al respecto se propone indagar: el posible significado de las imágenes metafóricas y metonímicas que articulan humanos, felinos, saurios y reptiles, en relación al poder sagrado (lo waka) y, el rol que juega cada “tradición plástica” (escultores, grabadores, pintores) en la materialización, a través de los objetos e imágenes, del orden ontológico y cosmológico vigente en las comunidades del noroeste argentino en época prehispánica.

In this paper are analyzed pieces, …

Beyond Columbus: An Italian American Wake Up Call, Fred L. Gardaphé

Publications and Research

This article discusses the relationship between Italian American culture and the celebration of Columbus Day in the United States.

Law School News: Remembering John Lewis 07-18-2020, Michael M. Bowden

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Finding Commonality: The First Principles Of The Leadership Thought Of Theodore Roosevelt And Traditional Chinese Culture, Elizabeth Summerfield, Yumin Dai

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper argues that, while the imperative to find global solutions to complex problems like climate change and resource management is agreed, dominant ethical and intellectual thought leadership in many western nations impedes progress. The Cartesian binaries of western post-Enlightenment culture tend instead toward oppositional binary divides where each ‘side’ assumes to be the whole and not a part. And the present and future similarly assume precedence over the past. The paper points to systems thinking as both a method and a practice of wise leadership of past western and eastern societies, including their conservation of natural resources. Two historical …

Black Drowning Deaths: An Introductory Analysis, Alena Gadberry, James Gadberry

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Black children between the ages of 5 and 14 are 2.6 times more likely to drown than white children. A systematic exclusion from public pools and other forms of water activities over time has led to a lack of cultural capital involving aquatics among black families. Pierre Bourdieu has provided a theoretical foundation in which to understand this issue. The social fields created by generational socialization have made blacks feel like they have no place in the water. It will take a restructuring of the social institutions to set in motion the socialization (or a re-socialization) of new and more …

White Saviors, Brandon Hasbrouck

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

It is time for Washington and Lee University to drop both George Washington and Robert E. Lee from the University name. The predominantly White faculty at Washington and Lee recently announced that it will petition the Board of Trustees to remove Lee from the University name. This is the first time in Washington and Lee’s history that the faculty has drafted such a petition. It is worth exploring why the faculty has decided to make a collective statement on Lee now and why the faculty has not included a demand to drop Washington in their petition. The answer is simple—it …

Female Monarchs And Merchant Queens In Africa, Nwando Achebe

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

An unapologetically African-centered monograph that reveals physical and spiritual forms and systems of female power and leadership in African cultures.

Nwando Achebe’s unparalleled study documents elite females, female principles, and female spiritual entities across the African continent, from the ancient past to the present. Achebe breaks from Western perspectives, research methods, and their consequently incomplete, skewed accounts, to demonstrate the critical importance of distinctly African source materials and world views to any comprehensible African history. This means accounting for the two realities of African cosmology: the physical world of humans and the invisible realm of spiritual gods and forces. That …