Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (145)
- History (121)
- African American Studies (110)
- Sociology (105)
- Race and Ethnicity (96)
-
- Communication (93)
- Ethnic Studies (65)
- American Studies (62)
- Community-Based Research (56)
- Demography, Population, and Ecology (56)
- Family, Life Course, and Society (56)
- Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication (55)
- Oral History (54)
- Other American Studies (54)
- Place and Environment (54)
- Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies (54)
- Regional Sociology (54)
- Education (46)
- Indigenous Studies (39)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (35)
- Higher Education Administration (35)
- Mass Communication (35)
- Journalism Studies (34)
- Public Relations and Advertising (34)
- Asian American Studies (32)
- Sports Studies (31)
- African History (22)
- Anthropology (21)
- Institution
-
- University of the Pacific (54)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (44)
- Fordham University (41)
- Western Kentucky University (36)
- Brigham Young University - Hawaii (18)
-
- College of the Holy Cross (11)
- SUNY College Cortland (10)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (6)
- Old Dominion University (6)
- Gonzaga University (5)
- University of North Florida (5)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (4)
- Gettysburg College (4)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (4)
- San Jose State University (3)
- University of Oklahoma College of Law (3)
- University of Richmond (3)
- Boise State University (2)
- California State University, San Bernardino (2)
- Columbia College Chicago (2)
- Florida A&M University College of Law (2)
- Indiana State University (2)
- Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School (2)
- Morehead State University (2)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (2)
- Western Michigan University (2)
- Cleveland State University (1)
- East Tennessee State University (1)
- Eastern Illinois University (1)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (1)
- Keyword
-
- History (56)
- California (54)
- Oral History (54)
- Stockton - CA (54)
- Western Kentucky University (36)
-
- African Americans (31)
- Student Government Association (WKU) (30)
- Class of 2005 (WKU) (29)
- Athletics (WKU) (28)
- Blacks (28)
- Class of 2007 (WKU) (28)
- Class of 2008 (WKU) (28)
- Class of 2006 (WKU) (27)
- Feminism (11)
- Margaret Mead (10)
- Harlem (9)
- African American (7)
- Education (7)
- Native American (7)
- Cambodian American (6)
- Chinese American (6)
- Filipino American (6)
- Hmong American (6)
- Italian American (6)
- Japanese American (6)
- Jazz (6)
- Mexican American (6)
- Heroin (5)
- Hunts Point Palace (5)
- Book review (4)
- Publication
-
- Different Perspectives on Majority Rules: 10th Annual National Conference (2005) (41)
- Oral Histories (40)
- WKU Administration Documents (36)
- Pacific Studies (18)
- Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature (11)
-
- Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies (10)
- African American Stories (6)
- Cambodian American Stories (6)
- Chinese American Stories (6)
- Filipino American Stories (6)
- Hmong American Stories (6)
- Italian American Stories (6)
- Japanese American Stories (6)
- Mexican American Stories (6)
- Native American Stories (6)
- History Faculty Scholarship (5)
- Publications and Research (5)
- Ethnic Studies (4)
- American Indian Law Review (3)
- Policy Documents (3)
- Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Stamp Collection (3)
- All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Cariso! The Alton Augustus Adams Music Research Institute newsletter (2)
- Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies Faculty Works (2)
- Journal Publications (2)
- Latino/Latin American Studies Reports (2)
- McNair Scholars Research Journal (2)
- Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations (2)
- Textual material from the Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers (2)
- The Gettysburg Historical Journal (2)
- Publication Type
Articles 181 - 210 of 297
Full-Text Articles in Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies
Goodwin, Welvin, Bronx African American History Project
Goodwin, Welvin, Bronx African American History Project
Oral Histories
Welvin Goodwin was born January 7, 1908 in Tipson, Texas. Both of his parents were Farmers. His father was born in England. When he was younger then 10, he too started working on the farm. He came from a very large family, of which he and his sister were the only family members remaining when the interview was conducted. His mother used to babysit white children and Weldin would play with them and claims to have known nothing of discrimination.
Welvin enjoyed playing baseball when he was young and was in Negro Leagues. His father started him with baseball and …
Coleman, Dennis And Mcfeaters, Harriet Interview 2, Bronx African American History Project
Coleman, Dennis And Mcfeaters, Harriet Interview 2, Bronx African American History Project
Oral Histories
Dennis Coleman is a longtime Bronx activists, political leader, and educator. This interview examines his experiences with the Board of Education in the Bronx. Coleman served in the New York State Senate from 1955-1956 and was on a committee that examined different education programs throughout the state, especially in inner city schools. When he returned to the Bronx, he was appointed to serve on a local Board of Education in 1966.
Coleman discusses the 1968 Bronx Teachers strike, specifically the actions of teachers on both sides of the picket line, the issues, parental involvement, and the participation of advocacy groups, …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 33 [35], Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 33 [35], Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Hupman, Samantha. Students Risk Credit Card Fraud
- Watt, Wes. Anthony Winchester Leads Tops to Win – Basketball
- Clark, Ashlee. Western Cuts State Workers’ Compensation
- Wilberding, Beth. Smoking Areas to Be Enforced
- Gree, Tavia. Student Seek Late Night Hangouts
- America’s Root Stems Controversy
- Ingram, Brooks. Editorial Cartoon – 1st Amendment Burns - Potential Result in Colorado
- Hagan, Laura. Remember Flight 93, Too – September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001
- Roberts, Amy. Halftime Not as Exciting as Geese, Phonebooks & Celebrities – Super Bowl
- Coulter, Amber. Club Celebrates Chinese New Year …
Ua12/2/1 Token Of My Love, Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 Token Of My Love, Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
Valentine's Day magazine of the College Heights Herald:
Token of My Love – Valentine’s Day History
- Caudle, Leah. Arranged Marriage Is Still a Reality for Some
- Mullins, Mandy. Putting a Platonic Touch on Valentine’s Day
- Ross, Lisa. Being Single on Valentine’s Isn’t as Sad as the Day Itself
- North, Amber. Valentine-less? Enter This Sweepstakes to Get Chance of a Lifetime
- Wilberding, Beth. Every Holiday Should be Spent with Friends & Loved Ones
- Toone, Stephanie. Boundaries Continue to be Crossed for Interracial Couples
- Maines, Ashley. Long Distances Can Ruin Valentine’s Day for Many
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 34, Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 34, Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Clark, Ashlee. Lucas Goodum’s Attorneys Seek Venue Change – Katie Autry Case
- Clark, Ashlee. Ernie Fletcher Calls for Budget
- Knight, Cameron. In His Name – Kyanna Coffee, William Morland
- Fontana, Alex. Movie Theft Soars on College Campuses
- Teague, Hawkins. Film Contest Challenges Students
- Clark, Ashlee. Combustion Lab Moving to Center for Research & Development – Institute for Combustion Science & Environmental Technology
- Clark, Ashlee. Funds Depend on Economy – Budget
- Ingram, Brooks. Editorial Cartoon – Diverse Student
- Diversity Classes Need More Diversity
- Green, Alana. Students Should Think Globally
- Stubbs, …
Morris, Paula, Bronx African American History Project
Morris, Paula, Bronx African American History Project
Oral Histories
Paula Morris’ earliest memories of the Bronx are of Ritter Place. It was majority African American and had a great sense of community. Her father was initially a police officer, but later in life became a photographer. She was always aware that her mother, Maxine Sullivan, was a famous musician. Her mother’s fame, however, did not affect her upbringing. She still had to live by the same rules as everyone else she knew.
She attended P.S 54 for elementary school. The sense of community she experienced on her block continued at the school. Parents were always involved with their children. …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 33, Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 33, Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Wilberding, Beth. Dedication is a Dream Come True – Engineering & Biological Science Hall
- Hupman, Samantha. Teacher Leaves Legacy – Douglas Schutte
- Clark, Ashlee. Western Purchases the ALIVE Center – A Local Information & Volunteer Exchange
- Wilberding, Beth. Parking Issues Discussed
- Sewell, Chase. Super Saturdays Offer Super Time
- Harrell, Bobby. Western Buys SKyPAC Land – Southern Kentucky Performing Arts Center
- Questions Abound for Greek Ground
- Ingram, Brooks. Editorial Cartoon – Stray Greek Cat
- Fenlon, Todd. Meia Sells Tsunami – Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
- Gilbert, Timothy. Letter to Editor re: …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 32, Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 32, Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Wilberding, Beth. Greek Transition – Alcohol
- Greek Village Plans Proceed After Board of Regents Approval
- Clark, Ashlee. Board Approves Tuition Plan
- Clark, Ashlee. Judge Lifts Gag Order in Katie Autry Case
- Richardson, Kelly. Plan Will Pay Faculty for Teaching Abroad
- Coulter, Amber. Faculty Examine Contracts
- Oscars Snub Good Movies Once Again
- Editorial Cartoon – Academy Awards
- Dawson, Katie. An Interesting Proposal – Civic Engagement
- Fontana, Alex. In the Beginning – Evolution, Creationism
- Wilberding, Beth. No Water, Electricity Force Temporary Move of Food Service to Garrett Conference Center – Downing …
Black Heritage Stamp Series: Marian Anderson, United States Postal Service. Stamp Division
Black Heritage Stamp Series: Marian Anderson, United States Postal Service. Stamp Division
Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Stamp Collection
Informational pages for Marian Anderson Commemorative stamp – Black Heritage Series, includes images of the stamps, information about the physical stamps and biographical information for Marian Anderson. First issued January 27, 2005, 28th in a series.
Coleman, Dennis And Mcfeaters, Harriet Interview 1, Bronx African American History Project
Coleman, Dennis And Mcfeaters, Harriet Interview 1, Bronx African American History Project
Oral Histories
Interviewers: Dr. Mark Naison, Natasha Lightfoot, and Claude Mangum
Interview took place on January 26, 2005
Summarized by Alice Stryker
Harriet McFeeters was a teacher, administrator, staff developer, and Assistant District Superintendent in the New York School System and originally from the Bronx. She begins by talking about the way in which the Bronx schools became integrated. Dennis Coleman says that they had to try and come up with a number of new ways attempt to comply with the federal laws on integrating schools. One of the ways they integrated the schools was through rezoning. In addition to the need …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 31, Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 31, Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Richardson, Kelly. Faculty Worry About Working Over Break
- Hupman, Samantha. Teacher Dies of Heart Attack – Naim Zelbak
- Maines, Ashley. Remembering Those Lost – Tsunami Awareness Vigil, Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
- Caudle, Leah. Prism Concert a Sensual Treat – Music
- Clark, Ashlee. Warfare Company Moves Home to Bowling Green – Electronic Warfare Associates
- Coulter, Amber. Students Form Service Group – Student Volunteer Bureau
- Hopkins, Shawntaye. Regents to Vote on Long-Term Tuition Policy
- Hopkins, Shawntaye. Events to Celebrate Black History Month
- Dry Houses Don’t Mean student Safety
- Ingram, Books. Editorial …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 31 [30], Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 31 [30], Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Wilberding, Beth. Administrative Council Makes Fraternity Houses Go Dry
- McNamara, Andrew. Vigil to Show Support for Tsunami Victims – Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
- Clark, Ashlee. Administration Makes Wish List
- Clark, Ashlee. Council on Post Secondary Education to Propose New Funding Model
- Green, Tavia. City Celebrates the Life of a Legend – Martin Luther King Jr.
- Richardson, Kelly. Winter Term Reviewed
- Hupman, Samantha. Police Academy Offered Again
- Ingram, Brooks. Editorial Cartoon – Parking Pass Hiking
- Profiting on Parking Danger
- Sainlar, Lindsay. Provide-A-Ride No More
- Harrell, Bobby. Greek Drinkers Must Adapt …
Ua1b2/1 Email Re: African American Faculty, Howard Bailey, John Hardin, Wku Centennial Committee
Ua1b2/1 Email Re: African American Faculty, Howard Bailey, John Hardin, Wku Centennial Committee
WKU Administration Documents
Email exchange regarding the first African American faculty members at WKU by members of the WKU Centennial Committee.
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 30 [29], Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 30 [29], Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Wilberding, Beth. New Education Building to Replace Tate Page Hall
- Salmon, Emily. Martin Luther King’s Legacy Inspires Speaker – Patrice Gaines
- Clark, Ashlee. Council on Postsecondary Education Reviews Tuition Increase Policies
- Clark, Ashlee. Ernie Fletcher Promotes Tax Reform Plan
- Richardson, Kelly. Online Master of Business Administration Program Being Offered
- Coulter, Amber. Regents Meeting Organizations
- Ingram, Brooks. Big Red Fund Raising for Tsunami Relief – Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
- Celbs Run Rat Race for Publicity, Tsunami
- Clark, Ashlee. Staying in Touch
- Fontana, Alex. Strength in Tragedy – Indian Ocean Tsunami …
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 29 [28], Wku Student Affairs
Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 80, No. 29 [28], Wku Student Affairs
WKU Administration Documents
WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.
- Harrell, Bobby. Wave of Destruction, Wave of Relief – Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
- Clark, Ashlee. Ruling on Katie Autry Civil Suit Expected Soon
- Clark, Ashlee. Judge Stops Advertisments – Katie Autry Case
- Wilberding, Beth. New Science Building Opens for Classes – Engineering & Biological Sciences Hall
- Fontana, Alex. Students Can Recover Fee – WWHR Radio Station
- Campus Has More Holes than Swiss Cheese – Construction
- Reed, Lindsey. Editorial Cartoon – Big Red Replaced by Orange Construction Cone
- Roberts, Amy. Sparkles, Champagne & Priorities Mean a New Year
- Baker, Joanie. …
Pastore, Vera Simpkins, Bronx African American History Project
Pastore, Vera Simpkins, Bronx African American History Project
Oral Histories
Vera Simpkins-Pastore is a Professor Emeritus of psychology who taught in the City University of New York System and has resided in the Bronx for several years. As such, she is able to attest to the experience of growing up as a member of the Bronx African-American community.
Simpkins-Pastore was born in Mount Vernon, but moved to the Bronx at the age of 12. She told the Bronx African-American History Project that this decision was prompted by her landlord selling her family’s house as well as some marital difficulties between her parents. Simpkins-Pastore also said that she felt safe as …
Report From The National Lgbtq Students Of Color Summit, Shawn(Ta) Smith-Cruz
Report From The National Lgbtq Students Of Color Summit, Shawn(Ta) Smith-Cruz
Center for LGBTQ Studies (CLAGS)
I've always imagined finding a space where gender is not assumed, where women are undeniably and understandably attracted to each other, and where men embrace without fear. I found this space at the National Summit for LGBTQ Students of Color on the day of my 22nd birthday, January 15th, 2005. Over two nights and three days, the United States Student Association hosted a national summit filled with grassroots organizing workshops, "how-tos" for your campus, methods on how to challenge homophobia from other student groups while still building alliances, and late night dialogues on art and freedom of expression.
Juanitas Family: Catherine Hufana (Youth), Lori Iwamasa
Juanitas Family: Catherine Hufana (Youth), Lori Iwamasa
Filipino American Stories
Catherine Hufana grew up in Stockton, California. Her Filipino culture runs deep in her family and she has always felt “Filipino.” However, after visiting the Phillipines in 1992, Catherine realized that she identified much more strongly with Americans than native Filipinos. As an American, Catherine’s upbringing was much different than her parents. She was raised in a household that spoke mostly English, although her parents are bilingual. As Catherine struggled to fit in with her American peers, her parents continued to introduce her to their own Filipino culture…
Jack Hopkins' Civil War, Peter C. Vermilyea
Jack Hopkins' Civil War, Peter C. Vermilyea
Adams County History
In the 1862 Pennsylvania College album there is a photograph of John Hopkins, who that year was entering his fifteenth year of service as the college's janitor. In one student's book, the portrait of Hopkins jokingly refers to him as the school's "vice president." This appellation speaks volumes about the life of the African-American custodian, for while it was clearly made in jest as a token of the students' genuine affection for Hopkins, it symbolizes the gulf between the white students and the black janitor. It goes without saying that the students found the picture humorous because they understood that …
Bailey, Shirley, Mark Naison
Bailey, Shirley, Mark Naison
Bronx African American History Project (BAAHP)
Interviewee: Shirley Anderson Bailey
Interviewer: Dr. Mark Naison
The interview took place April 26, 2005
Summarized by Concetta Gleason 1-17-07
Shirley Anderson Bailey’s family, consisting of her mother, younger brother and herself, moved from Harlem to the Bronx in 1942 when Bailey was seven years old. Bailey’s family happened to move to the same area of the Bronx with some of their neighbors from Harlem. Bailey’s father was away trying to find work in Connecticut because of the Depression and Bailey’s mother took night classes and was one of the few working women in the neighborhood. Most families were two-parent …
Frederick Douglass's Longing For The End Of Race, Ronald Sundstrom
Frederick Douglass's Longing For The End Of Race, Ronald Sundstrom
Philosophy
Frederick Douglass (1817–1895) argued that newly emancipated black Americans should assimilate into Anglo-American society and culture. Social assimilation would then lead to the entire physical amalgamation of the two groups, and the emergence of a new intermediate group that would be fully American. He, like those who were to follow, was driven by a vision of universal human fraternity in the light of which the varieties of human difference were incidental and far less important than the ethical, religious, and political idea of personhood. Douglass’s version of this vision was formed by natural law theories, and a Protestant Christian conception …
Sosa Family: Evangelina Sosa (Elder), Tammy Hunt
Sosa Family: Evangelina Sosa (Elder), Tammy Hunt
Mexican American Stories
Evangelina Sosa begins her story of love and family in Sonora, Mexico. She was born in a small town called Agua Prieta, but raised in Sonora. Life in Mexico revolved around her large family of eleven brothers and sisters. Her father worked as a carpenter and her mother was a homemaker and seamstress. Although Evangelina was only able to attend school through the sixth grade, her mother taught her important domestic skills. Evangelina learned to sew and cook at a very young age, which enabled her to help her mother care for the large family and assist with the sewing…
Cuevas Family: Ricardo Cuevas (Middle), Janelle Fleming
Cuevas Family: Ricardo Cuevas (Middle), Janelle Fleming
Mexican American Stories
Growing up as the eldest of five children, Ricardo Cuevas had a sense of responsibility and of being more of an adult than his younger siblings. Ricardo was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and grew up in the neighboring town of Zapotitan. He has three sisters—Reynalda, Angelica, Marisela and a brother Gerardo. His feelings of responsibility were enhanced by the absence of his father, who first came to the U.S. in 1961. Ricardo’s father wanted to make a better life for his family, but to do that he first had to leave behind his wife and two young children…
Komure Family: Dean Komure (Middle), Lori Iwamasa
Komure Family: Dean Komure (Middle), Lori Iwamasa
Japanese American Stories
Dean Komure grew up, knowing in his heart, that if his word was good, he would always have something. That would be the pride of being a Japanese American. Dean learned this from his parents and it is what he has passed on to his children…
Hirata Family: Toshiye Hirata (Elder), Amy E. Smith
Hirata Family: Toshiye Hirata (Elder), Amy E. Smith
Japanese American Stories
Toshiye Hirata holds in her hands a valuable letter. Its value doesn’t come from the fame of the writer or from historical significance—but rather from the intense depth of its personal meaning for her. The letter is a Namu Amida Butsu, a Buddhist expression of sincerest, heartfelt gratitude. It was written to her by her husband, Roy Ko Hirata. In the letter he thanks her from the bottom of his heart for how she raised two daughters and a son with him, diligently and lovingly, and how she worked side by side with him through the many hardships of their …
Interview With John Hesse, Ron C. Brister
Interview With John Hesse, Ron C. Brister
Documents
This is the transcript of a 2005 interview of John Hesse conducted by Rob Brister.
Coyote Steals Fire, Northwest Band Shoshone Nation
Coyote Steals Fire, Northwest Band Shoshone Nation
All USU Press Publications
"Coyote was tired of being cold," says this traditional Shoshone tale about the arrival of fire in the northern Wasatch region.
Members of the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation developed the concept for this retelling in collaboration with book arts teacher Tamara Zollinger. Together, they wrote and illustrated the book.
Bright watercolor-and-salt techniques provide a winning background to the hand-cut silhouettes of the characters. The lively, humorous story about Coyote and his friends is complemented perfectly by later pages written by Northwestern Shoshone elders on the historical background and cultural heritage of the Shoshone nation.
An audio CD with …
Academic Generations: Exploring Intellectual Risk Taking In An Educational Leadership Program, Carolyn Ridenour, Darla J. Twale
Academic Generations: Exploring Intellectual Risk Taking In An Educational Leadership Program, Carolyn Ridenour, Darla J. Twale
Educational Leadership Faculty Publications
We examined intellectual risk and risk-taking behavior in educational leadership preparation programs and investigated the intersection of academic generations within a community of practice, that is, doctoral students and faculty. The literature review examines several perspectives on risk and risk-taking which includes cultural milieu and gender and ethnic differences. We offer suggestions for addressing risk and for further research.
Book Revew: Rewriting White, By Todd Vogel, Tim Engles
Book Revew: Rewriting White, By Todd Vogel, Tim Engles
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Ict In The Economic Development Of Africa: The Case Of South Africa, Kehbuma Langmia
The Role Of Ict In The Economic Development Of Africa: The Case Of South Africa, Kehbuma Langmia
Department of Strategic, Legal, and Management Communications Faculty Publications
Africa has been hard hit with poverty and disease and this has had an immense effect on the quality of social, cultural, and political lives of the people. This has made development to move at a very slow pace in the last decades.