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Logic and Foundations of Mathematics Commons

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Applied logic

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Full-Text Articles in Logic and Foundations of Mathematics

What's The Reason?, Kenton Machina, Mark Siderits Jan 2002

What's The Reason?, Kenton Machina, Mark Siderits

Faculty Publications - Philosophy

"What's the Reason?" is an informal applied logic textbook in 5 chapters. It includes discussions of the nature of good everyday and academic reasoning, common mistakes in everyday reasoning, and overall informal argument assessment.


Induction And Deduction Revisited, Kenton Machina Dec 1985

Induction And Deduction Revisited, Kenton Machina

Faculty Publications - Philosophy

Most authors seem to assume there are two types of argument, deductive ones and inductive ones. But there is wide disagreement about how those two are to be distinguished from one another, and about whether there are two kinds of logic, deductive and inductive, relevant to evaluating arguments of each type. In this paper, I argue that all attempts to distinguish a logic of inductive arguments from a logic of deductive ones fail. I argue that the distinction between induction and deduction is not a logical distinction, but is rather a pragmatic one, pertaining to how “tight” the argument needs …


Truth, Belief, And Vagueness, Kenton Machina Feb 1976

Truth, Belief, And Vagueness, Kenton Machina

Faculty Publications - Philosophy

Formal mathematical logic is designed to capture the logical form of mathematical statements, all of which employ precisely defined concepts, unlike the concepts found in natural languages, almost all of which are vague. In this paper I argue that in order to more accurately represent the logical form of vague natural language statements, formal logic should employ degrees of truth and falsehood, rather than assuming just the two truth “values” T and F. I explore in detail the most reasonable definitions for basic logical operations in a system that allows for degrees of truth, concluding that one of the multi-valued …