Philosophy Commons^™

Being Curious With Secrecy, Clare Stevens, Elspeth Van Veeren, Brian Rappert, Owen D. Thomas

Secrecy and Society

This article contributes to ongoing attempts to broaden out theorizations of secrecy from an intentional and willful act of concealment to a cultural and structural process. We do so by fostering a conversation between secrecy and curiosity. This conversation is enabled through a review of central themes in secrecy studies and curiosity studies, but also through an examination of a collaboration between the science center “We the Curious” and a network of academic researchers. In doing so, this article makes a case for the benefits of paying more attention to curiosity as a means of facilitating a multifaceted understanding of …

Proposing A Measure Of Ethicality For Humans And Ai, Alejandro Jorge Napolitano Jawerbaum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Smarter people or intelligent machines are able to make more accurate inferences about their environment and other agents more efficiently than less intelligent agents. Formally: ‘Intelligence measures an agent’s ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments.’ (Legg, 2008)

In this dissertation we extend this definition to include ethical behaviour and we will offer a mathematical formalism and a way to estimate how ethical an action is or will be, both for a human and for a computer, by calculating the expected values of random variables. Formally, we propose the following measure of ethicality, which is computable, or …

Alienation, Resonance, And Experience In Theories Of Well-Being, Andrew Alwood

Economics Faculty Publications

Each person has a special relation to his or her own well-being. This rough thought, which can be sharpened in different ways, is supposed to substantially count against objectivist theories on which one can intrinsically benefit from, or be harmed by, factors that are independent of one’s desires, beliefs, and other attitudes. It is often claimed, contra objectivism, that one cannot be _alienated_ from one’s own interests, or that improvements in a person’s well-being must _resonate_ with that person. However, I argue that every theory of well-being must allow that we can be alienated from our own well-being, and that …

Tarski And Bachmann In Regina: A Magical Connection, James T. Smith

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

This is a personal account of an intersection of the schools of research in foundations of geometry founded by Alfred Tarski and Friedrich Bachmann. Their academic lineages and the origins of the schools are also described, as well as the mathematics that resulted from this intersection.

Paradigms And Logical Morphology In Wittgenstein’S Philosophy, Idris Robinson

Philosophy ETDs

This dissertation investigates the notion of a paradigm and its related morphological method through the lens of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951). At once exegetical and philosophical, it is a project that aims to trace the progression of Wittgenstein’s thought, from his early to his mature phase, in order to arrive at a twofold conclusion regarding the ontological status of paradigms and a closely related approach to logic grounded in morphology.

Ethics In The Age Of Disruptive Technologies: An Operational Roadmap, José Roger Flahaux, Brian Patrick Green, Ann Gregg Skeet

Faculty Book Gallery

The primary goal of this handbook is to help companies developing, procuring, or adopting advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, understand the ethical risks that these technologies introduce, and implement the infrastructure necessary to mitigate those risks throughout the entire product and service life cycle.

The ITEC Handbook offers a thoughtful and pragmatic roadmap for providing technology ethics governance and implementing it throughout the organization. It guides enterprises on their transformation journey from adoption and implementation of ethical behavior to operationalizing ethical and humane use principles, into a new mindset and culture of technology ownership and accountability, where everyone thinks …

The Interpretation Of Measurement, Austin David O'Connor

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The interpretation of measurement representations, such as blueprints and 3D models, has been debated in engineering offices and philosophical colloquiums alike. A resurgence has begun in the philosophical literature which focuses on the recent International System of Units (SI) change in the base unit definitions. Additionally, a recent revision in the form of ASME Y14.5-2018 has been adopted by prominent engineering firms in America. This revision limits the number of viable interpretations for the Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) system of blueprint guidelines, which is meant to more effectively streamline communication between differing industries regarding part features and allowable extremities. …

Do You Think This Is Some Kind Of Game? An Examination Of The Validity Of The Trust Game, Alexander Quellhorst

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although we have a familiarity with trust that begins at infancy, we still struggle to agree on what trust is. Even after decades of trusting others, trying to be trustworthy, and experiencing betrayal, we form definitions of trust that only scratch the surface. Turning to scholars in order to improve our understanding of trust has offered limited guidance; some refer to trust as an emotional state, some think of it as a belief, and others label trust as a kind of prediction or calculation. Regardless of the sheer complexity of trust and its neighboring ideas – i.e., betrayal, expectation, reliance …

Toward A Trustworthy And Responsible Artificial Intelligence, Saleh Afroogh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Being trustworthy and responsible—particularly in terms of decisions and actions—in artificial agents is as crucial as it is in human agents. However, the dominant theories surrounding pertinent concepts such as trust, trustworthiness, moral responsibility, legal rights, etc., are primarily proposed, developed, and applied to human agents, not artificial ones. The absence of well-developed conceptualization and characterization of relevant concepts concerning critical agents continues to exacerbate the challenges and importance of these concepts in the realm of artificial intelligence. This void necessitates novel perspectives and approaches toward the metrics needed to foster genuinely trustworthy and responsive artificial intelligence systems. In this …

Queer Crises: Movements From Queerness And Feelings Of White Religion In The United States, Austin Williams Miller

Communication ETDs

Anchored by contemporary crises surrounding queer and trans people in the United States, I employ movements from queerness within an affective queer phenomenological framework to understand how arrangements of “white religion” (Schaefer, 2015, p. 63), a process whereby U.S. American Christian forms escape ideology into religious affective economies in the United States, relegate queer people “to the background… to sustain a certain direction” (Ahmed, 2006, p. 31). I assemble a queer rhetorical context analyzing white religious space in documentary film, secular sexual regulation through contemporary U.S. legal contexts around marriage, and settler colonial Christian nationalist political imaginations to critique how …

A Calvinistic Divine Glory Defense, Stephen Thomas Irby

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Calvinists, because they embrace the view that God ordains whatsoever comes to pass, cannot appeal to libertarian free will while trying to defend theism against the problem of evil. However, they can appeal – and, in fact, some have appealed – to God’s desire to be glorified to account for why He has ordained the evils of our world. This is the divine glory defense, and my dissertation aims to develop a version of it. After spending some time framing my defense in the context of the rest of the literature on the problem of evil, an account is provided …

The Multiverse Argument For The Existence Of God, Michael Dover

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Fine-Tuning Argument for the Existence of God is one of the most powerful arguments in favor of God’s existence. Perhaps the most common objection to this argument involves the Multiverse Theory, which posits an infinite or very large multiverse, adequately explaining the fine-tuning of the universe without positing an intelligent designer. Thus, the Multiverse Theory is often posited as a way of maintaining Atheism. In this paper, I argue that the Atheistic Multiverse View is untenable: if the multiverse exists, God or gods are highly likely to exist as well. Additionally, this paper explores topics like: the conceivability of …

Unruly Periods: Reproductive Futurities And The Rhetorics Of Menstruation, Hannah Taylor

All Dissertations

“Unruly Periods: Reproductive Temporalities and the Rhetorics of Menstruations” argues that dominant rhetorics of shame and regulation around menstruation work to maintain strict reproductive temporalities that uphold heteropatriarchal norms. Specifically, I draw upon scholarship in queer studies and disability rhetorics to assert that sexual health texts (such as puberty books), menstrual care products (pads and tampons), and technologies of menstruation (period-tracking apps) function as a form of chronobiolitics—a teleological force that seeks to reinforce bodily normalcy. In doing so, these rhetorics of menstruation deny or elide the embodied experiences of diverse, queer, and disabled menstruators, limiting reproductive possibilities. Reproductive justice …

Storytelling In Motion: Rhetorical Approaches To Autoethnography, Critical Pedagogy, And African Filmmaking, Sethunya Mokoko

All Dissertations

This dissertation exposes the marginalization in the education systems of my country Lesotho, South Africa, an injustice that still survives long after the plague of Apartheid. Drawing on the values in African epistemologies of storytelling, I describe and illustrate their principles, then show how storytelling can transform composition pedagogy and thus help eradicate the residue of colonization. The methodology draws from auto-ethnography, narrative, spoken word, traditional oral wisdom, and African filmmaking as counter-story and resistance to the ideologies plaguing the minds of colonized South Africans. The goal is to celebrate oral traditions while improving reading comprehension and writing. With an …

On Neo-Humean Accounts For Natural Laws, Tori Helen Cotton

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Humeanism about laws is a metaphysical doctrine that claims that the complete scope of the world is comprised of the mosaic—a vast collection of particular, localized facts about the world, and everything else supervenes on this arrangement of facts. Reductionism about laws, the claim that laws of nature reduce to, and thereby supervene on, the Humean mosaic, follows from this view. The first part of the thesis explores Humeanism about laws and the evolving landscape of pragmatic approaches within this domain. Building upon the insights gained from this analysis, the second part of the thesis proposes a novel response to …

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Law Enforcement Officers Challenges In Combatting Human Trafficking In Alabama, Patience S. Johnson-Daniels

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Human trafficking (HT) is a heinous crime that has gained international attention. Millions of people (specifically young girls and women) are affected by prostitution and sexual exploitation, the most common forms of human trafficking. Currently, anti-trafficking law enforcement agencies are struggling to respond to human trafficking due to the lack of data, the hidden nature of the crime, the current service providers, and the strategies of human trafficking task forces. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study will be to understand better the challenges of law enforcement officers and the impact of law enforcement officers in combatting human trafficking. The …

Konstruktivisme Bruno Latour Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ide Keagenan Sosiologi, Robertus Robet, U Abdul Rozak R

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

Abstract

Latour removes the boundaries between natural sciences and humanities. Science for Latour is cultural practise, at the same time in every cultural practice, nature and objects are also actively involved. With that, Latour's constructivism encourages the emergence of non-human actors as drivers of the societal changes. With that he provoked sociology to expand its subject matter. The Social in sociology must be seen as an association involving human and non-human actors.

Bruno Latour's Constructivism And Its Implications For The New Agency Of Sociology, Robertus Robet, U. Abdul Rozak R

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

Abstract

Latour removes the boundaries between natural sciences and humanities. Science for Latour is cultural practise, at the same time in every cultural practice, nature and objects are also actively involved. In that sense, Latour's constructivism encourages the emergence of non-human actors as drivers of the societal changes. By that, he provoked sociology to expand its subject matter. The Social in sociology must be seen as an association involving human and non-human actors.

Key words: Constructivism, Expansion of agency, actant, actor network theory.

Lingkungan Pengendapan Perahu Kuno Di Situs Punjulharjo, Rembang, Jawa Tengah: Sebuah Pendekatan Geoarkeologi, Andri Purnomo, Carlo Donadio, Agni Mochtar, Chiara Zazzaro

Multikultura

Studi geoarkeologi adalah pendekatan interdisiplin dalam penelitian arkeologi yang memungkinkan kita memahami bagaimana proses alam dapat mempengaruhi sebuah situs arkeologi dan bagaimana pula kita dapat merekonstruksi konteks lingkungan kuno dari sebuah situs arkeologi. Pendekatan ini sangat efektif dalam bidang arkeologi maritim, mengingat wilayah pesisir terus mengalami perubahan lingkungan baik karena faktor alam maupun antropis. Kepulauan Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang menarik untuk menerapkan pendekatan geoarkeologi dalam arkeologi maritim mengingat banyaknya sisa-sisa perahu yang ditemukan di daratan dan perubahan geomorfologi berkelanjutan terkait aliran air yang terjadi selama Kala Holosen. Artikel ini menyajikan hasil penerapan pendekatan tersebut di atas pada kasus perahu Punjulharjo …

Globalisasi Musik Populer Korea (K-Pop) Dalam Konteks Industri Budaya, Zaini Zaini

Multikultura

Musik populer Korea yang dikenal dengan K-pop mengalami perkembangan yang sangat dinamis hingga berhasil menyebar secara global dalam waktu yang sangat cepat sejak jenis musik populer ini mulai dikenal pada tahun 1990-an. Penelitian ini membahas globalisasi K-pop dengan berbagai dinamikanya yang berdampak dengan peningkatan pecinta K-pop di masyarakat global. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif bersumber dari berbagai data terkait perkembangan musik populer Korea. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan musik populer Korea (K-pop) ke dalam masyarakat global karena adanya dukungan dari berbagai pelaku dalam industri K-pop, baik pemerintah selaku pembuat kebijakan, pelaku industri musik, pengusaha dalam industri …

Prinsip Hormat Dan Tanggap Ing Sasmita Dalam Cerkak Mungkur Kabeh, Brillian Amrizaard, Darmoko Darmoko

Multikultura

Menghormati dan menghargai orang tua adalah sebuah sikap berbakti dari anak dan juga tanda bahwa seseorang memahami tata krama. Penelitian mengenai prinsip hormat dan tanggap ing sasmita ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yang obyektif. Teori yang menjadi landasan berpikir adalah teori Hermeneutik dari Paul Ricoeur yang telah dirumuskan kembali oleh Eugenius Sumaryono (1999) sebagai salah satu cara menginterpretasikan sesuatu. Hasil dari penelitian, ada beberapa poin yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan sikap yang baik dengan menjunjung prinsip hormat dan juga terdapat sikap tanggap ing sasmita sebagai dasar untuk bersikap atau memperlakukan orang tua dengan konotasi positif. Tindakan yang diambil …

Kritik Heidegger Terhadap Esensi Teknologi Modern Sebagai Titik Tolak Pengembangan Etika Baru, Antonius Puspo Kuntjoro

Multikultura

Perkembangan yang tejadi di era digital ini memerlukan adanya pendekatan baru dalam etika karena keterbatasan etika tradisional, seperti deontologi dan utilitarianisme serta etika keutamaan, dalam menghadapi isu-isu kontemporer. Kritik filsuf Martin Heidegger terhadap esensi teknologi modern berpotensi menjadi titik awal pengembangan etika baru guna merespons persoalan-persoalan kontemporer terkait lingkungan, hegemoni teknologi, dan implikasi bisnis. Menurut Heidegger esensi teknologi modern adalah menampakkan segala sesuatu sebagai suku cadang yang siap digunakan atau dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan subjek. Esensi teknologi modern ini menimbulkan bahaya karena bersifat eksploitatif yang berujung krisis ekologis dan alienasi sosial. Menanggapi masalah-masalah kontemporer, etika Heideggerian dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan pemahaman tentang …

Struktur Sosial Dalam Kamp Calais “Jungle” Di Prancis, Dyanisa Ramadhani Salsabila, Airin Miranda

Multikultura

Kamp pengungsian imigran di Calais dibuka pada tahun 1999 dan kemudian ditutup secara resmi pada tahun 2002. Para imigran tetap datang dan membangun kamp secara ilegal setelah penutupan resmi kamp ini Kamp ini diberikan julukan kamp Calais “Jungle” pada tahun 2009 setelah kamp terus menerus berkembang karena jumlah imigran yang terus bertambah. Pada tahun 2014, jumlah imigran yang mengungsi di kamp ini mencapai 6.000 jiwa. Suatu komunitas sosial terbentuk dari berbagai etnis yang ada. Komunitas ini bekerjasama dan membuat sistemnya sendiri dalam menjalankan kehidupan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dari Creswell (2009) dengan korpus komunitas kamp imigran Calais “Jungle” …

Tindak Tutur Menghina Dalam Film Animasi Al-Riḥlah, Fanny Haristianti, Wiwin Triwinarti

Multikultura

Kesantunan berbahasa adalah aspek penting dalam kehidupan sosial. Namun, tindak tutur yang mengancam muka mitra tutur tidak dapat dihindari pada situasi tertentu, salah satunya tindak tutur menghina yang penuh konflik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi tindak tutur menghina yang dituturkan tokoh film animasi al-Riḥlah dengan menggunakan teori strategi Face-Threatening Acts (FTA) oleh Brown dan Levinson 1987. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu 1) teknik simak bebas libat cakap; 2) transkripsi; dan 3) catat. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis padan ekstralingual dan disajikan melalui metode informal. Penelitian ini …

Pola Kalimat Transitif Pada Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (Bisindo): Sebuah Studi Variasi Bahasa, Silva Tenrisara Pertiwi Isma

Multikultura

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pola kalimat transitif pada dua ragam bahasa isyarat di Jakarta dan Yogyakarta. Terdapat 228 kalimat transitif sederhana yang diperoleh dari hasil elistitasi terhadap 10 pengguna bahasa isyarat Indonesia yang berasal dari kedua wilayah tersebut. Hasil analisis terhadap pola kalimat transitif reversibel (subjek dan objek dapat dipertukarkan) dan nonreversible (subjek dan objek tidak dapat dipertukarkan) menunjukkan bahwa bahasa isyarat ragam Jakarta cenderung berpola SPO untuk kalimat reversibel, sementara pola SOP cenderung digunakan di bahasa isyarat ragam Yogyakarta. Untuk kalimat nonreversibel, bahasa isyarat ragam Jakarta memiliki pola urutan kata yang lebih fleksibel, sementara bahasa isyarat ragam Yogyakarta …

Avoiding Anthropomoralism, Julian Friedland

Between the Species

The Montreal Declaration on Animal Exploitation, which has been endorsed by hundreds of influential academic ethicists, calls for establishing a vegan economy by banning what it refers to as all unnecessary animal suffering, including fishing. It does so by appeal to the moral principle of equal consideration of comparable interests. I argue that this principle is misapplied by discounting morally relevant cognitive capacities of self-conscious and volitional personhood as distinguished from merely sentient non-personhood. I describe it as a kind of anthropomorphizing moralism which I call anthropomoralism, defined as the tendency to project morally relevant characteristics of personhood onto merely …

The Vices Of Virtues: Making Room For Moral Testimony In The Life Of The Virtuous Person, Maria Waggoner

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation sheds light on new and unacknowledged difficulties that we face in striving to be (more) virtuous. By making use of empirical literature from moral, affective, and perceptual learning, I explore the potential cognitive and psychological relationships between having a virtue in one context and the tendency to exhibit vices in another. I do this by showing how morally good behavioral habits can also lead to morally inappropriate actions, when a virtuous moral perceptual system can give rise to moral illusions, and when our basic evaluative affective responses differ in their degree of sensitivity, leading to having some virtues …

Love, Ladies, And Lucretius, Stacey Kaliabakos

Parnassus: Classical Journal

No abstract provided.

A Defense Of Explanationism Against Recent Objections, Tomas Bogardus, Will Perrin

All Faculty Open Access Publications

In the recent literature on the nature of knowledge, a rivalry has emerged between modalism and explanationism. According to modalism, knowledge requires that our beliefs track the truth across some appropriate set of possible worlds. Modalists tend to focus on two modal conditions: sensitivity and safety. According to explanationism, knowledge requires only that beliefs bear the right sort of explanatory relation to the truth. In slogan form: knowledge is believing something because it's true. In this paper, we aim to vindicate explanationism from some recent objections offered by Gualtiero Piccinini, Dario Mortini, and Kenneth Boyce and Andrew Moon. Together, these …

A World Of Difference: The Fundamental Opposition Between Transhumanist “Welfarism” And Disability Advocacy, Susan B. Levin

Philosophy: Faculty Publications

From the standpoint of disability advocacy, further exploration of the concept of well-being stands to be availing. The notion that “welfarism” about disability, which Julian Savulescu and Guy Kahane debuted, qualifies as helpful is encouraged by their claim that welfarism shares important commitments with that advocacy. As becomes clear when they apply their welfarist frame to procreative decisions, endorsing welfarism would, in fact, sharply undermine it. Savulescu and Kahane's Principle of Procreative Beneficence—which reflects transhumanism, or advocacy of radical bioenhancement—morally requires parents to choose the child who will, in all probability, have “the best life.” Assuming the emergence of potent …