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2014

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Articles 661 - 690 of 757

Full-Text Articles in Philosophy

The Replicator And Scheffler’S Distributive Hybrid: Deriving Moral Obligations From Ability To Aid, Adam Griffith Jan 2014

The Replicator And Scheffler’S Distributive Hybrid: Deriving Moral Obligations From Ability To Aid, Adam Griffith

CMC Senior Theses

If one can do a good thing, ought one do it? In this paper, I argue that capability is a strong source of moral obligation that can, in proper doses, override things like property rights. I will build a hypothetical case based on a fictional invention called the Replicator with enormous potential for use as a humanitarian tool and I’ll use it to display the way that capability to aid imposes powerful moral obligations on both individuals and organizations. Ultimately, I will use the model that I will develop to demonstrate that some real-world entities are not satisfying their moral …

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Structuralist Qualia, Lucas Jon Van Houten Jan 2014

Structuralist Qualia, Lucas Jon Van Houten

CMC Senior Theses

Structuralist theories of properties state that properties are individuated by their nomological or causal roles. It has previously been suggested that structuralism is incompatible with robust conceptions of qualia. In this paper, I argue that structuralism should be taken as a theory of de re representation, and under this formulation it is able to accommodate qualia as intrinsic, introspectable properties of experiences. I then turn to various thought experiments used by qualia theorists to expand the notion of qualia, and find the majority of these compatible with structuralism as well. I conclude that the structuralists and qualia theorists need not …

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War Rights And Military Virtues: A Philosophical Re-Appraisal Of Just War Theory, Matthew T. Beard Jan 2014

War Rights And Military Virtues: A Philosophical Re-Appraisal Of Just War Theory, Matthew T. Beard

Theses

The overwhelming majority of theorists addressing questions of the morality of war do so from within the moral framework provided by Just War Theory (JWT): a normative account of war that dates back over 1500 years in the Western Tradition. However, today’s iterations of Just War Theory are markedly different from those of its intellectual ancestors. Specifically, today’s accounts tend not to consider matters of moral virtue, personal excellence, moral psychology, or human flourishing – that is, aretaic matters – to be worthy subjects of discussion. Instead, they prefer to focus overtly on questions of law, justice, and human rights …

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Is There A New Context Which Will Allow The Catholic Church To Recognise The Validity Of Anglican Orders?, T Flynn Jan 2014

Is There A New Context Which Will Allow The Catholic Church To Recognise The Validity Of Anglican Orders?, T Flynn

Theses

No abstract provided.

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[Introduction To] Universal Rights And The Constitution, Stephen A. Simon Jan 2014

[Introduction To] Universal Rights And The Constitution, Stephen A. Simon

Bookshelf

Are constitutional rights based exclusively in uniquely American considerations, or are they based at least in part on principles that transcend the boundaries of any particular country, such as the requirements of freedom or dignity? By viewing constitutional law through the prism of this fundamental question, Universal Rights and the Constitution exposes an overlooked difficulty with opinions rendered by the Supreme Court, namely, an inherent ambiguity about the kinds of arguments that count in constitutional interpretation, which weakens the foundations of our most cherished rights.

Rejecting current debates over constitutional interpretation as flawed, Stephen A. Simon offers an innovative framework …

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Tang Junyi’S Comparative Philosophy And The Spiritual Value Of Chinese Culture, Sor-Hoon Tan Jan 2014

Tang Junyi’S Comparative Philosophy And The Spiritual Value Of Chinese Culture, Sor-Hoon Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Tang Junyi (1909-1978) engaged in philosophical comparisons very early in his career. He always philosophized from a cultural perspective in his subsequent philosophical reflection on the development of the mind, the philosophy of life, the relation between culture and moral reason, and the spiritual value of Chinese culture.

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The Labor Theory Of Justice, Chandran Kukathas Jan 2014

The Labor Theory Of Justice, Chandran Kukathas

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Justice is the first virtue of social institutions as truth is of systems ofthought. So John Rawls famously proclaimed in the beginning of hismasterwork, A Theory of Justice. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if untrue. Laws and institutions no matterhow efficient and well arranged must be reformed or abolished if unjust.Justice, perhaps unlike some other values, was not something we mightreadily trade a little of in exchange for other benefits.1In his critique ofRawls, Rescuing Justice and Equality, G. A. Cohen proposes to take justicemore seriously while at the same time conceding that justice might …

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Zagzebski On Rationality, Shane Ryan, Shane Ryan Jan 2014

Zagzebski On Rationality, Shane Ryan, Shane Ryan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper examines Linda Zagzebski’s (2012) account of rationality, as set out in her rich, wide-ranging, and important book, Epistemic Authority: A Theory of Trust, Authority, and Autonomy in Belief. We briefly describe the account that she offers and then consider its plausibility. In particular, in the first section we argue that a number of Zagzebski’s claims with regard to rationality require more support than she offers for them. Moreover, in the second section, we contend that far from offering Zagzebski a quick way of dealing with radical scepticism, her account of rationality actually seems to be particularly vulnerable to …

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Evaluating Inquiry-Based Learning As A Means To Advance Individual Student Achievement, Cherilyn Gwen Ziemer Jan 2014

Evaluating Inquiry-Based Learning As A Means To Advance Individual Student Achievement, Cherilyn Gwen Ziemer

Theses and Dissertations

Although inquiry-based learning has been debated throughout the greater educational community and demonstrated with some effect in modern classrooms, little quantitative analysis has been performed to empirically validate sustained benefits. This quantitative study focused on whether inquiry-based pedagogy actually brought about sustained and measurable improved learning and higher levels of student engagement, satisfaction, and understanding. The present study employed classic stratified random sampling to form two sample groups. Sixth-grade student subjects in two middle school science classes completed a four step process: all students completed a 40-question objective pretest, students completed a unit of study in either an inquiry-based learning …

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O Modelo Das Interações Entre As Atividades Científicas E Os Valores, Hugh Lacey, P. R. Mariconda Jan 2014

O Modelo Das Interações Entre As Atividades Científicas E Os Valores, Hugh Lacey, P. R. Mariconda

Philosophy Faculty Works

In this article, we offer standardized versions of the principal ideas of the model of the interactions among scientific activities and values that has been proposed in recent years within Scientiae Studia. The model deals with the various roles played by values—ethical, social, political, cognitive (epistemic), religious, etc—in scientific activities, and with their impact on the viability of the ideals (impartiality, comprehensiveness, neutrality, autonomy) of the tradition of modern science.

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How Movies Think: Cavell On Film As A Medium Of Art, Richard Thomas Eldridge Jan 2014

How Movies Think: Cavell On Film As A Medium Of Art, Richard Thomas Eldridge

Philosophy Faculty Works

Stanley Cavell’s writing about movies, from the more theoretical and general The World Viewed (1971) to the later works on specific genres (Pursuits of Happiness, Contesting Tears), has a unifying theme: some movies as (successful) art investigate conditions of accomplished selfhood and interest in experience in medium-specific ways. This claim is explained and defended by explicating the details of the medium-specificity of the moving photographic image (and its history of uses) and by focusing on Michael Verhoeven’s film The Nasty Girl (1990). Though the very ideas of accomplished selfhood and interest in experience naturally prompt some suspicion in a commercialized, …

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Review Of "Being Numerous: Poetry And The Ground Of Social Life" By O. Izenberg, Richard Thomas Eldridge Jan 2014

Review Of "Being Numerous: Poetry And The Ground Of Social Life" By O. Izenberg, Richard Thomas Eldridge

Philosophy Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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A Kantian Argument For Sovereignty Rights Of Indigenous Peoples, Krista Karbowski Thomason Jan 2014

A Kantian Argument For Sovereignty Rights Of Indigenous Peoples, Krista Karbowski Thomason

Philosophy Faculty Works

Kant’s non-voluntarist conception of political obligation has led some philosophers to argue that he would reject self-government rights for indigenous peoples. Some recent scholarship suggests, however, that Kant’s critique of colonialism provides an argument in favor of granting self-government rights. Here I argue for a stronger conclusion: Kantian political theory not only can but must include sovereignty for indigenous peoples. Normally these rights are considered redress for historic injustice. On a Kantian view, however, I argue that they are not remedial. Sovereignty rights are a necessary part of establishing perpetual peace. By failing to acknowledge the sovereignty of native groups, …

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Ethics And Market Economic System: A General Review And A Survey, Reza G. Hamzaee Jan 2014

Ethics And Market Economic System: A General Review And A Survey, Reza G. Hamzaee

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

Recent global recession has motivated this predominantly historical and exploratory research of thoughts and perceptions. A continuous planning of governmental correction of any market failure, such as various types of externalities and information asymmetry, has been strongly recommended by the pioneers of free enterprise systems. Capitalism—in which private ownership of means of production, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, brand-name capital, social capital, land, and mineral deposits are all protected by law without implementation of a series of certain evolving ethical standards and principles—may not continue to be the same efficient system as implied to be by the cost-benefit balancing …

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Blurring Two Conceptions Of Subjective Experience: Folk Versus Philosophical Phenomenality, Anthony F. Peressini Jan 2014

Blurring Two Conceptions Of Subjective Experience: Folk Versus Philosophical Phenomenality, Anthony F. Peressini

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

Philosophers and psychologists have experimentally explored various aspects of people's understandings of subjective experience based on their responses to questions about whether robots “see red” or “feel frustrated,” but the intelligibility of such questions may well presuppose that people understand robots as experiencers in the first place. Departing from the standard approach, I develop an experimental framework that distinguishes between “phenomenal consciousness” as it is applied to a subject (an experiencer) and to an (experiential) mental state and experimentally test folk understandings of both subjective experience and experiencers. My findings (1) reveal limitations in experimental approaches using “artificial experiencers” like …

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Introduction [To Cultivating Virtue: Perspectives From Philosophy, Theology, And Psychology], Nancy E. Snow Jan 2014

Introduction [To Cultivating Virtue: Perspectives From Philosophy, Theology, And Psychology], Nancy E. Snow

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Dichtung Als Übersetzung. Heideggers Reformulierung Von Platons Denken Unter Dem Einfluss Der Romantik, Pol Vandevelde Jan 2014

Dichtung Als Übersetzung. Heideggers Reformulierung Von Platons Denken Unter Dem Einfluss Der Romantik, Pol Vandevelde

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Historical Accountability And The Virtue Of Civic Integrity, Margaret Urban Walker Jan 2014

Historical Accountability And The Virtue Of Civic Integrity, Margaret Urban Walker

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Curating [Encyclopedia Entry], Curtis L. Carter Jan 2014

Curating [Encyclopedia Entry], Curtis L. Carter

Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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An Interview With Gernot Böhme, Zhuofei Wang Jan 2014

An Interview With Gernot Böhme, Zhuofei Wang

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

No abstract provided.

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Recent Publications Jan 2014

Recent Publications

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

No abstract provided.

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Reflections On Music And Propaganda, Luis Velasco Pufleau Jan 2014

Reflections On Music And Propaganda, Luis Velasco Pufleau

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

In general, the concept of propaganda refers to a method as well as the symbolic object mobilized by it. Propaganda equally constitutes a particular type of communication that involves not only the mobilization of objects, but also of discourse, places, acts, and rituals. This essay employs the writings of Max Weber, Paul Ricœur, Jacques Ellul, and Jacques Rancière to analyze propaganda as a particular type of symbolic political dispositif linked to a specific performance and utterance context. I examine humanitarian songs as a propaganda tool in democracy, and show the conditions and the limits of their mobilization through their contextualization. …

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Editorial Jan 2014

Editorial

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

No abstract provided.

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Notices Jan 2014

Notices

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

No abstract provided.

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Contemporary Aesthetics: Perspectives On Times, Space And Content, Ossi Naukkarinen Jan 2014

Contemporary Aesthetics: Perspectives On Times, Space And Content, Ossi Naukkarinen

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

What is contemporary aesthetics? The answer to this question is often simply stated rather than carefully elaborated, even if the current nature and scope of the discipline is far from self-evident. To examine how both the concept and the field of contemporary aesthetics can be understood, I suggest that it is useful to consider three themes: the time, space, and content of aesthetics, i.e., the questions of when, where, and what contemporary aesthetics is. Through this, it is possible to construe a conceptual space of contemporary aesthetics and to compare different instantiations of it with each other.

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Numbing The Heart: Racist Jokes And The Aesthetic Affect, Tanya Rodriguez Jan 2014

Numbing The Heart: Racist Jokes And The Aesthetic Affect, Tanya Rodriguez

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

People sometimes resist the idea that racist humor fails on aesthetic grounds because they find it funny. They make the case that we can enjoy its comic aspects by controlling our attention, by focusing on a joke’s rhythm or delivery rather than on its racist content. Ironic intent may reside with the joke teller and/or the audience. I discuss how arguments for the immorality of racist jokes fall short. Ironic racist jokes may be acceptable to an audience that already rejects racism but is comfortable with such ironic racist joking precisely because as individuals they feel confident in their own …

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Oceanic Feeling In Painterly Creativity, Jussi Antti Saarinen Jan 2014

Oceanic Feeling In Painterly Creativity, Jussi Antti Saarinen

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

The oceanic feeling is a frequent topic of discussion in both creativity research and aesthetics. Characterized by a sensation of self-boundary dissolution, the feeling has been reported to involve experiences of fusion with various objects, including works of art. In this article, I discuss the oceanic feeling in the specific context of painterly creativity. I begin by arguing that the oceanic feeling cannot be classified as an emotion, mood, or bodily feeling, in the established definitions of these terms. I then introduce philosopher Matthew Ratcliffe’s theory of existential feelings to help formulate a more accurate view of the oceanic feeling. …

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Historical Formalism In Music: Toward A Philosophical Theory Of Musical Form, Andrea Baldini Jan 2014

Historical Formalism In Music: Toward A Philosophical Theory Of Musical Form, Andrea Baldini

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

In this paper I begin to fashion a theory of musical form that I call historical formalism. Historical formalism posits that our perception of the formal properties of a musical work is informed by considerations not only of artistic categories but also of the historical, sociopolitical, and cultural circumstances within which that work was composed.

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Musical Ontology: Critical, Not Metaphysical, Jonathan A. Neufeld Jan 2014

Musical Ontology: Critical, Not Metaphysical, Jonathan A. Neufeld

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

The ontology of musical works often sets the boundaries within which evaluation of musical works and performances takes place. Questions of ontology are therefore often taken to be prior to and apart from the evaluative questions considered by either performers as they present works to audiences or an audience’s critical reflection on a performance. In this paper I argue that, while the ontology of musical works may well set the boundaries of legitimate evaluation, ontological questions should not be considered as prior to or apart from critical evaluation. Rather, ontological claims are a type of critical evaluation made within musical …

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Pushing The Limits: Risk And Accomplishment In Musical Performance, David Clowney, Robert Rawlins Jan 2014

Pushing The Limits: Risk And Accomplishment In Musical Performance, David Clowney, Robert Rawlins

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Using examples from musical performance of several kinds, we argue that risk-taking, showing off, virtuosity, and other forms of musical showmanship are in many cases, though not in all, an integral and appropriate part of the music as performed on that occasion. We reflect on the difference between cases where this is so and cases where it is not, using insights from John Dewey’s aesthetics as articulated in Art as Experience.

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