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Articles 4861 - 4890 of 5097
Full-Text Articles in Philosophy
Ua68/11 Faculty List, Wku Philosophy & Religion
Ua68/11 Faculty List, Wku Philosophy & Religion
WKU Administration Documents
Faculty list for Philosophy & Religion department, ca. 1986. Includes name, degree, university, date completed, date arrived at WKU, rank/title, areas of study.
A Case Against Animal Rights, Jan Narveson
A Case Against Animal Rights, Jan Narveson
Animal Welfare Collection
Down through the past decade and more, no philosophical writer has taken a greater interest in the issues of how we ought to act in relation to animals, nor pressed more strongly the case for according them rights, than has Tom Regan, in many articles, reviews, and exchanges at scholarly conferences and in print. It is a pleasure to join him on this symposium, to explore this interesting and important set of issues.
I shall begin by outlining, as fairly as I can, Regan's view of the matter, and then sketch my alternative. Regan has in fact criticized certain aspects …
Humans And Other Animals: A Biological And Ethical Perspective, Ashley Montagu
Humans And Other Animals: A Biological And Ethical Perspective, Ashley Montagu
Attitudes Towards Animals Collection
What I have been hoping to do in this talk is to provide the scientific basis for the biological kinship of humans with other animals in particular and the whole of nature in general, and to show that the ethical perspective to which such a demonstration leads is inherent in the very nature of nature, that cooperation, love, not conflict and aggression, as we have long been led to believe, is the dominant principle by which living creatures are designed to live with each other. It was not Darwin, but the muscular Darwinists, like Herbert Spencer, who wasn't a biologist …
The Case For Animal Rights, Tom Regan
The Case For Animal Rights, Tom Regan
Animal Welfare Collection
In the space I have at my disposal here I can only sketch, in the barest outline, some of the main features of the book Its main themes-and we should not be surprised by this-involve asking and answering deep, foundational moral questions about what morality is, how it should be understood, and what is the best moral theory, all considered. I hope I can convey something of the shape I think this theory takes. The attempt to do this will be (to use a word a friendly critic once used to describe my work) cerebral, perhaps too cerebral. But this …
Wit And Humor In Asl, Keila Tooley
Wit And Humor In Asl, Keila Tooley
Masters Theses
In his article "Linguistics and the Study of Poetic Language," Stankewicz (1960) characterizes poetic organization as "completely embedded in language and fully determined by its possibilities." The purpose of this study is to examine the form that poetic function assumes in a language that itself has a structural organization fundamentally different from that of oral languages and in which, accordingly, the possibilities for poetic organization are radically different.
In wit and poetry, elements of form and meaning—a linguistic system--are used to create complex multi-layered expressions with multiple meanings and systems of form and meaning. Similarities--and differences—in form, function and meaning …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 27 No. 2, John C. Burnham, Robert M. Khoury, Judith A. Spector, Leslie M. Thompson, Robert Wexelblatt, Pierre Papazian, Donald E. Secrest, Lucile Blanchard, Kelly Cherry, Martha Collins, Malcolm Glass, Robert Harlow, Duane Locke, George Looney, Naomi Shihab Nye, Cynthia S. Pederson, Jim Thomas, Kathleen Spivack, James Armstrong, Stephen Meats, Paul W. Zagorski, Philip Paradis, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 27 No. 2, John C. Burnham, Robert M. Khoury, Judith A. Spector, Leslie M. Thompson, Robert Wexelblatt, Pierre Papazian, Donald E. Secrest, Lucile Blanchard, Kelly Cherry, Martha Collins, Malcolm Glass, Robert Harlow, Duane Locke, George Looney, Naomi Shihab Nye, Cynthia S. Pederson, Jim Thomas, Kathleen Spivack, James Armstrong, Stephen Meats, Paul W. Zagorski, Philip Paradis, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
Playing JOHN C. BURNHAM's new parlor game, "Who Is Now Great?” unexpectedly forms a negative consensus: the great men and women, like the dinosaurs, seem to belong to an earlier time, not to our own. The author wonders why, and shares his thoughts on the past, present, and future of greatness. Professor of History at The Ohio State University, with a scholarly interest in the history of psychiatry and American medical and social history, Burnham' s most recent book is on the psychoanalyst and physician Jelliffe.
ROBERT M. KHOURY and JUDITH A. SPECTOR explore the …
Contributions Of Empirical Data To Legal Research, Julius G. Getman
Contributions Of Empirical Data To Legal Research, Julius G. Getman
Journal of Legal Education
No abstract provided.
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 27 No. 1, Virginia J. Laas, Mark A. Plummer, Jeffery A. Hughey, Robert K. Ratzlaff, A. J. Shakeshaft, Stuart Friebert, Julie S. Hughes, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 27 No. 1, Virginia J. Laas, Mark A. Plummer, Jeffery A. Hughey, Robert K. Ratzlaff, A. J. Shakeshaft, Stuart Friebert, Julie S. Hughes, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
The waters of historical research abound with shoals, whirlpools, and uncharted, if not unimportant, wastes. VIRGINIA J. LAAS relates one such encounter on a voyage of discovery related to the biography of Rear Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee she undertook with Dudley T. Cornish, a successful and altogether fortuitous collaboration which benefitted both scholars and their profession. The book which resulted, entitled The Life of Rear Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee, U.S. Navy, will be published in early 1986 by The University Press of Kansas. The marriage in 1843 of the young naval officer, then a Lieutenant …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 4, Jonathan Rose, Susan L. Carlson, Gregory Waters, Ellen Williamson Kanervo, Richard M. Gardner, Jack D'Amico, Linda Walvoord Girard, Michael Burns, George Gott, Art Homer, Ben Howard, Ernest Kroll, Lolette Kuby, Laurie Sheck, Philip Raisor, Gary A. Schrag, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 4, Jonathan Rose, Susan L. Carlson, Gregory Waters, Ellen Williamson Kanervo, Richard M. Gardner, Jack D'Amico, Linda Walvoord Girard, Michael Burns, George Gott, Art Homer, Ben Howard, Ernest Kroll, Lolette Kuby, Laurie Sheck, Philip Raisor, Gary A. Schrag, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
The man who created the child-spies of 1984, JONATHAN ROSE makes clear in his examination of George Orwell, was a writer filled with nostalgia for childhood. Assistant Professor of History at Drew University in New Jersey, Rose has recently completed a book-length manuscript on the intellectual history of Edwardian Britain and hopes to launch a scholarly journal devoted to the life and works of George Orwell.
Though current society has distanced them from us, the women of Edwardian problem plays, argues SUSAN L. CARLSON, do have something to tell us about our own social …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 3, Paul J. Muenzer, Hugh Fox, Ernest Gallo, Charles Guzzetta, Thomas D. Isern, Francis Edward Devine, Michael Heffernan, Lex Runciman, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 3, Paul J. Muenzer, Hugh Fox, Ernest Gallo, Charles Guzzetta, Thomas D. Isern, Francis Edward Devine, Michael Heffernan, Lex Runciman, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
PAUL J. MUENZER presents a translation of the Minoan Phaistos Disk--a supplication for oracular wisdom from the prophet-king. Turning from a career as an electronics engineer, Muenzer became first a technical writer and for the last decade an archaeologist specializing in deciphering Linear A and Linear B texts. He lives and writes in Munich.
HUGH FOX conjures up a living, mythic, unified world of our cultural past in which Old World and New coexist and share a common reality. Author of over fifty books of poetry, criticism, fiction, plays, and Latin American scholarship, among …
Human Perceptions Of Animals And Animal Awareness: The Cultural Dimension, Elizabeth A. Lawrence
Human Perceptions Of Animals And Animal Awareness: The Cultural Dimension, Elizabeth A. Lawrence
Attitudes Towards Animals Collection
Culture is generally a powerful determinant of human perceptions of animals and the treatment animals receive in a given society. Fbr example, Plains Indians' views of the status of animals-their capacities, their awareness, and their place in the world relative to mankind-differ radically from those characteristic ofWestern thought. Many of the contemporary Crow Indians, a group of native Americans among which I have recently carried out anthropological field research, continue to look upon their horses according to traditional tribal belief. Their particular attitude toward horses conflicts with that of the dominant white society with which the Indians and their horses …
Is Man's Infliction Of Suffering On Animals Immoral?, Robert Welborn
Is Man's Infliction Of Suffering On Animals Immoral?, Robert Welborn
Attitudes Towards Animals Collection
If it is believed that man is properly in dominion over the earth and that he may do with it and all things on it as he will, then the first definition is sufficient. If generally accepted ideas in man's community are to the effect that man's infliction of suffering on animals is right, then such is not immoral.
If it is believed, however, that life, all life, as it has evolved in its beauty and complexity is the consideration upon which conduct should be judged, then the second definition must apply. Man being the dominant species that consciously and …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 2, John A. Mills, William C. Pratt, Angela Hague, Clayton Koelb, Edward L. Galligan, John Churchill, Michael Heffernan, John Stone, Brendan Galvin, Gordon D. Marino, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 2, John A. Mills, William C. Pratt, Angela Hague, Clayton Koelb, Edward L. Galligan, John Churchill, Michael Heffernan, John Stone, Brendan Galvin, Gordon D. Marino, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
JOHN A. MILLS finds in The Time of Your Life an absurdist meaning lurking below the surface vision of pleasant typicality. Associate Professor of English at the University of Arizona, Mills has written several articles and a book, Hamlet on Stage: The Great Tradition, on the theater.
WILLIAM C. PRATT dissects the roles of the intellectual in contemporary society and finds merit still in that calling. Pratt is Professor of History at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. His scholarly interest in the American left and farmer and labor movements has resulted in several …
Ua37/30/2 Wku Research Notecards - P Topics, Lowell Harrison
Ua37/30/2 Wku Research Notecards - P Topics, Lowell Harrison
Faculty/Staff Personal Papers
Notecards created by Lowell Harrison while researching his book Western Kentucky University. The cards transcribed below are for 134 topics beginning with P ranging from P.O.W. to Purpose.
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 1, Otis C. Mitchell, James Tice Moore, David Lloyd Jones, Haig Bosmajian, Judith A. Spector, David W. Pitre, Ralph Burns, Paul Hamill, Michael Heffernan, Ben Howard, Stephen Meats, Eric Pankey, Stephen J. Teller, Richard D. Fulton, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 26 No. 1, Otis C. Mitchell, James Tice Moore, David Lloyd Jones, Haig Bosmajian, Judith A. Spector, David W. Pitre, Ralph Burns, Paul Hamill, Michael Heffernan, Ben Howard, Stephen Meats, Eric Pankey, Stephen J. Teller, Richard D. Fulton, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
OTIS C. MITCHELL traces the rise of the desperado in Hungary and Italy in the bitter denouement of World War I. With extensive publications in the history of Nazism and totalarianism, Mitchell is author of Hitler Over Germany and editor of Nazism and the Common Man. He is Professor of History and Head of the Department at the University of Cincinnati.
JAMES TICE MOORE focuses on King Vidor's assertion of rural values and collective agriculture in his 1930s film, Our Daily Bread. Chairman and Professor of History at Virginia Commonwealth University, Moore has published …
Philosophical Hermeneutics And The Analects: The Paradigm Of Tradition, Alan Kam Leung Chan
Philosophical Hermeneutics And The Analects: The Paradigm Of Tradition, Alan Kam Leung Chan
Research Collection College of Integrative Studies
Hermeneutics, as a philosophical enterprise, is not new; it can be traced back at least to Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911).1 Yet hermeneutics did not reach its philosophical maturity and acquire the worldwide recognition that it deserves until Hans-Georg Gadamer published his magnum opus, Truth and Method, in 1960.2 Here, with the help of Heidegger, hermeneutics is transformed from a general methodology of the "human sciences" (Geisteswissenschaften) into a full-fledged "practical" philo- sophy.3 With Gadamer, as we shall see, hermeneutics can no longer be under- stood as merely a theory of interpretation; rather, it is to be seen …
Pauline N. King's Review Of Michael E. Hoare's Edition Of The Resolution Journal Of Johann Reinhold Forster, 1772-1775, Pauline N. King
Pauline N. King's Review Of Michael E. Hoare's Edition Of The Resolution Journal Of Johann Reinhold Forster, 1772-1775, Pauline N. King
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
Deborah Waite's Review Of Jehanne Teilhet-Fisk's Paradise Reviewed: An Interpretation Of Gauguin's Polynesian Symbolism, Deborah Waite
Deborah Waite's Review Of Jehanne Teilhet-Fisk's Paradise Reviewed: An Interpretation Of Gauguin's Polynesian Symbolism, Deborah Waite
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 4, Anthony Channell Hilfer, Richard Dillman, Michael Gillum, Richard Nickson, Peter Scheckner, Abby Arthur Johnson, J. V. Brummels, Michael A. Carey, David Etter, Sam Hamill, Jaan Kaplinski, Mark Vinz, Judith G. Shaw, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 4, Anthony Channell Hilfer, Richard Dillman, Michael Gillum, Richard Nickson, Peter Scheckner, Abby Arthur Johnson, J. V. Brummels, Michael A. Carey, David Etter, Sam Hamill, Jaan Kaplinski, Mark Vinz, Judith G. Shaw, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
ANTHONY CHANNELL HILFER pursues Tom Ripley, Patricia Highsmith' s faceless, sinister character, and finds him both other-directed and protean. Author of The Ethics of Intensity in American Fiction and The Revolt from the Village, as well as articles on popular culture and criticism, Hilfer is Professor of English at the University of Texas in Austin. For the past year he has served as Visiting Professor of English at the University of Lancaster in England.
RICHARD DILLMAN suggests that Willa Cather fashioned Tom Outland more after the Transcendentalist ideal developed by Ralph Waldo Emerson than as …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 3, Peter Haley, Gorman Beauchamp, Susan M. Matarese, Paul G. Salmon, Alfred G. Killilea, Frederick R. Swan, Jennie M. Hornosty, David Lee, Susan Leigh Baughn, Walter Shear, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 3, Peter Haley, Gorman Beauchamp, Susan M. Matarese, Paul G. Salmon, Alfred G. Killilea, Frederick R. Swan, Jennie M. Hornosty, David Lee, Susan Leigh Baughn, Walter Shear, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
The essence of Karl Marx's criticism of the modern world, argues PETER HALEY, rests more on ethics than economics. Currently Visiting Assistant Professor in the College at the University of Chicago, Haley has investigated the charisma concept in Weber and some of his precursors.
Theocracy, whether championed by a Solzhenitsyn or a Jerry Falwell, says GORMAN BEAUCHAMP, is fundamentally antidemocratic. Author of numerous articles on utopian fiction and of a recent book on Jack London, Beauchamp is Associate Professor of English in the Department of Humanities in the College of Engineering at the University of …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 2, John E. Atwell, William V. Davis, John R. Clark, Anna Lydia Motto, Francis Donahue, Joyce Quiring Erickson, Steven Barza, J. W. Cullum, Charles Edward Eaton, Michael Heffernan, Tomas O'Leary, William Page, Edward Wilson, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 2, John E. Atwell, William V. Davis, John R. Clark, Anna Lydia Motto, Francis Donahue, Joyce Quiring Erickson, Steven Barza, J. W. Cullum, Charles Edward Eaton, Michael Heffernan, Tomas O'Leary, William Page, Edward Wilson, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
JOHN E. ATWELL explains Nietzsche's view that the dance expressed joy and represented belief in personal immortality. Professor of Philosophy at Temple University, Atwell includes articles on Kant, Sartre, Schopenhauer, and Husserl among his publications.
Poet Robert Bly, according to WILLIAM V. DAVIS, has put new meaning and vigor into the prose poem, a development of historical significance to Bly and to American poetry. Currently Writer-in-Residence and Professor of English at Baylor University, Davis is a distinguished poet, is author also of criticism, short fiction, and the book, One Way to Reconstruct the Scene, and …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 1, Frank W. Shelton, Marcy S. Powell, Cheryl Herr, William O'Neill, Richard J. Voorhees, Mark Allister, Peter Cooley, Albert Goldbarth, David Lee, Harold Witt, Robert L. Sheverbush, Robert Wexelblatt, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 25 No. 1, Frank W. Shelton, Marcy S. Powell, Cheryl Herr, William O'Neill, Richard J. Voorhees, Mark Allister, Peter Cooley, Albert Goldbarth, David Lee, Harold Witt, Robert L. Sheverbush, Robert Wexelblatt, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
In the view of FRANK W. SHELTON, E. L. Doctorow's first novel, Welcome to Hard Times, like his later bestsellers, involves an examination of both the unreality and the persistence of the American Dream. Professor of English at Limestone College in South Carolina, Shelton has published numerous articles on modern fiction and drama.
MARCY S. POWELL recounts Thoreau's journeys and finds the denizen of Walden Pond a dedicated observer of America. A traveller of note himself, Powell was until his retirement in 1974 Chairman of the Department of French and Latin at Miami University in …
Dorothy Ayers Counts' Review Of James Clifford's Person And Myth: Maurice Leenhardt In The Melanesian World, Dorothy Ayers Counts
Dorothy Ayers Counts' Review Of James Clifford's Person And Myth: Maurice Leenhardt In The Melanesian World, Dorothy Ayers Counts
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
Richard M. Moyle's Review Of Steven Feld's Sound And Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, And Song In Kaluli Expression, Richard M. Moyle
Richard M. Moyle's Review Of Steven Feld's Sound And Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, And Song In Kaluli Expression, Richard M. Moyle
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
General Karl N. Haushofer And Geopolitik, David P. Benorden
General Karl N. Haushofer And Geopolitik, David P. Benorden
Department of Geography: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The purpose of this research is to trace the mainstream of German and related geopolitical philosophy and the various aspects that influenced the philosophy from 1800 to 1945. Two themes evolved: Political Geography and Nationalism. Along with economic considerations, these themes were fused into Geopolitik by Karl Haushofer and his followers in Germany following the end of World War I.
The goal of this work is to trace Geopolitik to discover the significance of its implications, what was behind it, and what were its real objectives. Geopolitik is a German-developed "science'' based on doctrines and practices with its origins in …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 24 No. 4, Alicia Ostriker, Jonathan Holden, Robert A. Morace, Judith A. Sheffler, Robert Dana, Greg Kuzma, J. V. Brummels, Albert Goldbarth, Carolann Russell, Donald Junkins, John Stone, Sam Hamill, Eric Pankey, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 24 No. 4, Alicia Ostriker, Jonathan Holden, Robert A. Morace, Judith A. Sheffler, Robert Dana, Greg Kuzma, J. V. Brummels, Albert Goldbarth, Carolann Russell, Donald Junkins, John Stone, Sam Hamill, Eric Pankey, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
OUR SUMMER LITERARY NUMBER this year, under the acting editorship of Poetry Editor Michael Heffernan, is entirely devoted to contemporary American literature. Since two of our articles discuss works by Richard Hugo and John Gardner, both of whom died last fall, we would like to dedicate this issue to their memories. Requiescant.
ALICIA OSTRIKER edited the Complete Poems of William Blake from Penguin (1978). A collection of her critical essays, Writing like a Woman, has just appeared in the Michigan series of Poets on Poetry. Her most recent book of poems is A Woman under …
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 24 No. 3, William F. Smith Jr., Walter S. G. Kohn, Sanford Pinkser, David M. Cicotello, Carol A. Martin, James F. Maxfield, Jack Flavin, Greg Kuzma, Thomas P. Lynch, Tom Hansen, James E. Gilbert, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 24 No. 3, William F. Smith Jr., Walter S. G. Kohn, Sanford Pinkser, David M. Cicotello, Carol A. Martin, James F. Maxfield, Jack Flavin, Greg Kuzma, Thomas P. Lynch, Tom Hansen, James E. Gilbert, Midwest Quarterly Editors
The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought
in this issue. . .
WILLIAM F. SMITH, JR., reveals the depth of meaning, both for students of the American Indian and for those seeking better to know the human personality, in the historical novel, Seven Arrows. Now Chairman of the English Department at Saginaw Valley State College in Michigan, Smith has published extensively on topics dealing with American Indian literature.
Joining the parliamentary and the presidential types of democratic government, according to WALTERS. G. KOHN, is a new, French model, the "presidential prerogative system." Author of many articles on politics in Liechtenstein and the rest of Western Europe, Kohn …
Psyche And Time: The Phenomenology Of Time Consciousness, Sharon Fleet Hartman
Psyche And Time: The Phenomenology Of Time Consciousness, Sharon Fleet Hartman
Institute for the Humanities Theses
Time in its inward form may be able to provide a significance which sustains the human spirit. If this is true, it becomes unnecessary to seek an enduring significance for life in the transcendent.
Western man's attitudes toward time are a composite of religious, historical, and cultural assumptions. The Christian model of time supported man by its emphasis on God's interventions in the world. The scientific model of time left man adrift in an objective world. The ascendancy of the scientific model brought a devaluation of both time and human life.
Bergson, Husserl, and Merleau-Ponty all describe a type of …
The Question Of Atheism And Communism In The Animal Welfare/Rights Movement, Michael W. Fox
The Question Of Atheism And Communism In The Animal Welfare/Rights Movement, Michael W. Fox
Animal Welfare Collection
Just as economics has increasingly been employed as a political weapon, so religion is now being used to further self-serving goals. Agribusiness spokespersons not only use fallacious economic arguments to justify the "factory" farming of animals; they have also stated that any questioning about man's Godgiven right to exploit animals is atheistic, and perhaps an actual affront to God's will. Furthermore, taking an egalitarian attitude toward animals, and proposing that they have rights or should be given equal and fair consideration, is regarded as the inspiration of some covert communist conspiracy that is constantly working to restructure and thereby destroy …
Humane Ethics And Animal Rights, Michael W. Fox
Humane Ethics And Animal Rights, Michael W. Fox
Animal Welfare Collection
While the primary goal of the animal welfare movement is to eliminate suffering in those animal species that are exploited by humans, this goal, although exemplary, is narrow sighted. Notwithstanding the practical difficulties of proving animal suffering, especially psychological, suffering could conceivably be eliminated, as in confined farm animals, through the use of tranquilizers, or even brain surgery. A goose being made to eat compulsively, following selective partial destruction or stimulation of its brain to cause hypertrophy of its liver for the liver pate trade, may not suffer. But it is being harmed. Likewise, to selective breed a farm animal, …