European History Commons^™

The "Powerful", Molly Kay Gale

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

History is written by the powerful. It is true that since the 1960s and the beginnings of the democratization of history, less powerful minorities have taken up the pen and more profusely expressed their views of history, but to a great extent, white males have engrained their view of history into people’s minds. Perhaps for this reason, perhaps because of its appealing nature, or perhaps for both reasons, the Renaissance stands out in people’s minds as a definitive period in history—a period during which, arguably, intellectual and cultural progress swept across Europe.

The driving force behind much of the intellectual …

Front Matter

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Contributors

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Introduction, John Mark Nielsen

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In 1992 a conference was held in Aalborg, Denmark, sponsored by the Danes Worldwide Archives (now The Danish Emigration Archive). The purpose of this conference was to celebrate the centennial of the birth of Marcus Lee Hansen, an American historian of Danish descent. Hansen had played a major role in challenging historians to consider the wider forces of migration. Before him historians tended to focus on immigrants in America while paying little attention to the conditions that had motivated individuals to emigrate from the lands of their birth. Although Hansen did not discuss this experience using the terms of "push …

The Legacy Of The Danish Resistance In World War Ii, Joy Ibsen

The Bridge

When I first heard about this conference, I immediately thought of this topic, because I believe the Danish Resistance in World War II provides a legacy of critical importance. It is one which can be of help in guiding our way through today's murky social and political problems as we grapple with terrorist threats and moral issues confronting us in this new millennium. It is a story of special significance to all Danes and Danish-Americans.

"A Lioness For Denmark"? Ambassador Eugenie Anderson And Danish American Relations, 1949-1953, John Pederson

The Bridge

Thus did the respective Foreign Service leaders of Denmark and the United States assess Eugenie Anderson's tenure as America's ambassador to Denmark. Danish Foreign Minister Ole Bjorn Kraft made his remarks at the farewell dinner for Ambassador Anderson at Christiansborg Castle in 1953. Going from Red Wing, Minnesota to Copenhagen, she had served throughout most of the Korean War. The trappings and glamour of an ambassador's power and rank are seductive, particularly for political appointments. In extreme cases some ambassadors become as much an advocate for the country where they are stationed as the one they serve.3 In Anderson's case, …

The Impact Of American Jazz On Denmark: From The 1950s To The 1970s, Merete Von Eyben

The Bridge

This is how Leonard Malone, an American writer who lived in Denmark until his death in 1998, described Dexter Gordon's first appearance at Jazzhus Montmartre. "Harold Goldberg had arranged for Dexter to appear at the Montmartre, beginning the first week in October ... On the ninth of October 1962, Dexter finally appeared .. .late. Thin. Very thin. Tall. Very tall. Charismatic...When he finished playing ... the audience was in a state that could best be characterized as a delightful state of shock.Dexter was in town and was burning! From that evening on, Dexter became "' our man in Copenhagen."'

Immigration: Is It What It Used To Be?, Leland E. Molgaard

The Bridge

I became interested in this topic as I traveled around the country teaching. My wife and I work with teachers and social workers, training them to conduct a "strengthening families program" for parents and young adolescents. Many of these teachers and social workers serve recent immigrant families and, as I heard them tell of their work, they often told me that these families were unique because they were new immigrants. Yet as I listened, I was struck by how similar these immigrant families were to the families in the community where I grew up in northwest Iowa. The scripts were …

The Teenage Ambassadors: The Cultural Impact Of Institutionally And Privately Organized Exchanges Of Students, Young Farmers And Youth In General Between Denmark And The United States Since The End Of Wwii., Karsten Kjer Michaelsen

The Bridge

The little more than 300.000 Danes who emigrated to America between 1870 and World War II created a solid foundation for the cultural exchange between the United States and Denmark in many different ways. This exchange takes place on a family level as well as in a professionally managed way via a number of organizations which arrange longer visits in private homes for students, young farmers, and youth in general within the two countries. This paper deals with this aspect of the Danish-American cultural exchange in order to see how and to what extend the exchange students and other young …

Defining An Immigrant, Helle Mathiasen

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Before emigrating in August 1965, I had already experienced America while a child living in Denmark. My first American memory is the smell of Wrigley's Doublement gum. I also remember the green gum package containing the thin, shiny silver paper with the jagged edge you had to remove in order to touch the delectable candy. For me, as a child, chewing gum was America. I was born in Vangede in 1940, the year the Germans invaded Denmark. During much of the five-year Nazi Occupation, our family lived in Sydhavnen, in Copenhagen, on Sjcel0r Boulevard number 3, in a onebedroom apartment. …

Danish Lutheran Churches In America: Contributions Of The United (Danish) Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1896-1960, Edward A. Hansen

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The United Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church was formed in 1896 by a merger of two Danish immigrant groups. One group, the "Blair Synod" had been excluded from the Danish Lutherans organized in America in 1872, in a controversy mainly involving the Bible as the Word of God. The second group, the "North Church," had been organized in 1884 by Danish members of the NorwegianDanish Evangelical Lutheran Church (founded in 1870). These Danes had withdrawn peaceably from their Norwegian brethren, in order better to serve immigrants from Denmark. By the 1940s this united church had changed from almost exclusive use of …

The Establishment Of Danish Lutheran Churches In Canada, Rolf Buschardt Christensen

The Bridge

This paper presents a brief history of the establishment of Danish Lutheran congregations in Canada during the twentieth century. As they will continue to evolve, the paper ends with a short discussion of challenges facing the Danish congregations in Canada as they enter the twenty-first century.

Appendix B

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Back Cover

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Full Issue

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Holocaust Avengers: From "The Master Race" To Magneto, Kathrin M. Bower

Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications

In the classic genealogy of the superhero, trauma is often the explanation or motivation for the hero 's pursuit of justice or revenge. Origin stories for superheroes and supervillains frequently appear in the plots of comic books long after the characters were created and with the shift in the stable of artists involved, different and sometimes competing events in the characters' biographies are revealed. This is particularly true of series that have enjoyed long periods of popularity or those that were phased out and then later revived. The stimulus for this m1icle was the origin story conceived for the X-Men …