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Full-Text Articles in European History

My Re-Americanization, Willard R. Garred Jan 2003

My Re-Americanization, Willard R. Garred

The Bridge

They met in Tivoli, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ray Garred was a United States Navy sailor with a squadron of battleships sent by President William Howard Taft on a goodwill tour of England, the Scandinavian capitals, and Kronstadt, St. Petersburg's port city and Russian naval base. She was a Danish girl, Olavia Frederiksen, who had spent four years in the United States as a domestic servant and had learned English in an evening school for immigrants. The year was 1911, summer time. Tivoli, as many tourists know, is a natural place for visitors to Copenhagen to congregate, and it was where a …


Teenage Immigrant, Anne Ipsen Jan 2003

Teenage Immigrant, Anne Ipsen

The Bridge

The poem by Emma Lazarus on the Statue of Liberty defines the classical model of immigrants fleeing from poverty, oppression, or persecution. They are refugees, forced by intolerable circumstances to move from their homeland. Less stereotypic is the highly skilled or educated individual who makes a positive choice towards better opportunity. These immigrants tend to come as individuals or as a nuclear family and are less likely to live in or identify with an ethnic group. They assimilate more readily, especially if they have some English before arrival, while keeping closer ties with relatives and making more frequent trips to …


Reviews Jan 2003

Reviews

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


To Denmark And Back An Excerpt From The Unpublished Memoirs Of John M. Jensen, Frederik V. Jensen, Peter L. Petersen Jan 2003

To Denmark And Back An Excerpt From The Unpublished Memoirs Of John M. Jensen, Frederik V. Jensen, Peter L. Petersen

The Bridge

The "most influential individual in the United Evangelical Lutheran Church's final twenty-five years" is how synod President William Larsen once described John M. Jensen1, longtime editor of The Ansgar Lutheran, the church's English language periodical. Jensen served the UELC as pastor, translator, historian, and representative, but it was through the pages of The Ansgar Lutheran that he had his greatest impact. Week after week for nearly twenty-five years, he wrote about spiritual matters, church policies and politics, questions of social justice, and events throughout the world, all the while serving full time as a church pastor. During World War II …


Full Issue Jan 2003

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Reviews Jan 2003

Reviews

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Front Cover Jan 2003

Front Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Why Did They Emigrate? An Examination Of Five Danish Farming Periodicals During The Period From 1860 To 1900 To Determine What Motivated Farm Laborers To Emigrate., Jette Mackintosh Jan 2003

Why Did They Emigrate? An Examination Of Five Danish Farming Periodicals During The Period From 1860 To 1900 To Determine What Motivated Farm Laborers To Emigrate., Jette Mackintosh

The Bridge

One question in emigration research has always intrigued me: Why did Peter Jensen find conditions in Denmark so unbearable that he could stand them no longer or why was he so tempted by the prospects on the other side of the Atlantic that he emigrated, while his neighbor, Jens Petersen, who apparently had exactly the same conditions, stayed at home and put up with things? Unfortunately it can probably never be answered satisfactorily. It may be possible to find reasons for some of the emigrations in letters and diaries, but we have no basis for comparison in the form of …


The Christmas Tree And The Two Churches, Johannes V. Knudsen Jan 2003

The Christmas Tree And The Two Churches, Johannes V. Knudsen

The Bridge

Part of the Danish American heritage is the fact that there were, unfortunately, some believe, two separate Danish American Lutheran Church groups. Because of theological differences (and perhaps personality conflicts, as well) between these two groups, they remained separate entities from their complex beginnings in the latter half of the nineteenth century until mergers took place with a number of other ethnic Lutheran church groups in the early 1960s, culminating in the formation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988. The histories of and differences between the two synods, the American Evangelical Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical …


Front Matter Jan 2002

Front Matter

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Contributors Jan 2002

Contributors

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Contents Jan 2002

Contents

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


"For Freedom Of The Word", Thorvald Hansen Jan 2002

"For Freedom Of The Word", Thorvald Hansen

The Bridge

1£ you were to peruse the pages of Danneuirke, the Danish language weekly, for the first half of the year 1923, you would find the pages filled with articles pro and con concerning the pastoral pledge (praesteloflet). The pastoral pledge is not to be confused with the pastoral vow to remain true to the Orristian faith. No one objected to this. The pledge, on the other hand, was a promise to remain true to the canonical books of Lutheranism. Some had refused to take this pledge and had, accordingly, been denied ordination. This matter was to be dealt with at …


Front Cover Jan 2002

Front Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Kristian Ostergaard' S Udvandrer Bogen, Gerald Rasmussen Jan 2002

Kristian Ostergaard' S Udvandrer Bogen, Gerald Rasmussen

The Bridge

Kristian Pedersen 0stergaard (Ostergaard in English) was born 1855 in Volstrup, Hjerm parish, near the little town of Struer on the southern shore of the Limfjord. He grew up on the family farm and, like many other Danish farm boys of that day, went to work as a hired hand after eight years of schooling and confirmation. As a farmhand, he spent all of his spare time in reading. At an early age, he began to teach in private schools, first on Fyn and later on Langeland, though he had no formal training as a teacher. Time and again, he …


Inside Cover Jan 2002

Inside Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Editorial Statement Jan 2002

Editorial Statement

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


The Bridge Builders Of Luther Memorial, Wilber J. Williamson Jan 2002

The Bridge Builders Of Luther Memorial, Wilber J. Williamson

The Bridge

The congregation of Luther Memorial Church in Des Moines, Iowa, celebrated its centennial anniversary in 1999, during which time there was a good deal of reflection concerning the historical roots and activities of the church during the preceding one hundred years. Much of the early history of the congregation was closely associated with Grand View College. During the first decades, the school provided worship facilities as well as the pastor services for the emerging congregation. With financial support from the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church, a building was erected in 1917, which has served as the home for the congregation since …


Reviews Jan 2002

Reviews

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Emigration From Jystrup And Valsolille, Pia Viscor Jan 2002

Emigration From Jystrup And Valsolille, Pia Viscor

The Bridge

Traveling eastwards across the Danish island of Sjrelland, you turn off superhighway E66 at Ringsted and take highway Al towards Roskilde. Soon, you see a sign pointing to Jystrup and take the short side road to that village. The rolling countryside is idyllic, dotted with small lakes and ponds, tidy farmland alternating with forest. Jystrup lies on the eastern shore of a lake, with the church and village of Valselille on the opposite shore. On a peninsula at the northern end of the lake are ruins of Skjoldenres castle, beseiged and conquered by King Valdemar Atterdag in the mid-fourteenth century. …


Full Issue Jan 2002

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Front Cover Jan 2002

Front Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Inside Cover Jan 2002

Inside Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Front Matter Jan 2002

Front Matter

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Editorial Statement Jan 2002

Editorial Statement

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Contributors Jan 2002

Contributors

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Contents Jan 2002

Contents

The Bridge

No abstract provided.


Introduction: Emigration From Vejle Amt Jan 2002

Introduction: Emigration From Vejle Amt

The Bridge

Picture postcard regions of Denmark like Vejle Amt, "with idyllic little towns, without any new factories and workshops, usually produced a great number of emigrants," according to the Danish historian of emigration, Kristian Hvidt. Vejle Amt was a verdant land of deep fjords, rolling wooded hills, and ancient villages, giving way to wide stretches of heath and bog in the west. It remained an idyllic, old-fashioned area throughout the period of emigration. People streamed to America because the population of Vejle Amt was growing but few new jobs were being created. They also left out of discontent over life in …


From Vejle Amt To Iowa In 1868: An Immigrant's Christmas Letter, Christian Poul Christensen Jan 2002

From Vejle Amt To Iowa In 1868: An Immigrant's Christmas Letter, Christian Poul Christensen

The Bridge

Discontent was rife in nineteenth-century Denmark, to be sure, but why would a prosperous, locally prominent individual like Christian Poul Christiansen choose to take his wife and family and leave their native land forever? Economic necessity did not drive them out into the wide world. "It was asserted that Christiansen brought along from Denmark around $20,000," wrote Rasmus Jurgens in Danske i Amerika in 1908.1 "This family is very wealthy. Through their influence, Randall Station was established, three miles north of Story City, in Hamilton County, [Iowa]. They built a store here and ran a general store, later a lumber …


Becoming American: The Autobiography Of C. P. Peterson, D. D. S. (1867-1958), J. R. Christianson Jan 2002

Becoming American: The Autobiography Of C. P. Peterson, D. D. S. (1867-1958), J. R. Christianson

The Bridge

In the western parts of Hvejsel parish in the nineteenth century, the fertile, rolling moraine landscape of eastern Jutland gave way to an immense, sandy plain covered by heath, bog, and streamside meadowland. Settlement was much more scattered on these moors than in the village farmlands of the east. Shepherds sang to the wind and knit their woolen yarn into stockings as flocks grazed on the open heath, and cattle grew fat in the meadows by lonely manor houses.