European History Commons^™

Revolutions: A Comparative Study, Thomas E. Gill

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and then to compare common descriptive characteristics (uniformities) evident within three historical events: the Paris Commune of 1871, the Zapatista Movement of the Mexican Revolution between 1910 and 1919, and the Spartacist Rebellion of 1919. One such uniformity is the fact that all three are abortive social revolutions.

The Pci Resurgent: 1943-1945, Karen Adele Tosi

Dissertations and Theses

The Italian Communist Party (PCI) emerged from the chaos of the Italian defeat in 1943 as a powerful and cohesive movement. Based upon organizational development throughout the years of Fascist rule in Italy, plus a combination of vigorous partisan activities and a willingness to compromise politically in exchange for governmental participation, the PCI showed promise for achieving economic and social change in Italy. Conservative countermeasures and Allied pressures, however, diminished the Communist advantage until, by 1947, the Party was no longer represented in the postwar government. The success apparent in the economic arena due to the Christian Democrat's program initiated …

Freedom And Necessity In The Development Of Marx's Thought, Isa Maria Leib

Dissertations and Theses

I have considered Freedom and Necessity as fundamental literary and philosophical concepts in Karl Marx's early writing.

All Marx quotations are my own translations; I did this because I discovered that many English translations were rendered in such a way that they did not convey basic literary structures which were very important to a clear comprehension of Marx's thought.

The opening pages of this article are a necessary but brief discussion of words, which are specifically: Necessity, Freedom, and History. As these three words are the life and breath of Marx's thought, an observation of their meanings and history, in …

Reconciliation And Reunion, Myron K. Jordan

Dissertations and Theses

Throughout the period of the American Revolution, Great Britain pursued a policy of reconciliation and reunion toward its North American colonies. While this was but one of the several policy alternatives open to British leadership, it was always an element of British strategy toward the colonies from 1775 to 1783.

This thesis follows the evolution of reconciliation and reunion in the final days of crisis in 1774-1775. It seeks to define its development during the war itself, and especially during the abortive American Peace Commission of 1778. By tracing this policy from its emergence through to the peacemaking in 1782-1783, …

National Efficiency And Social Planning In Britain, 1914-1921, Norman Richard Eder

Dissertations and Theses

Traditionally, improvements in the quality of life in Britain resulted from the temporary fusion of sometimes opposite interests which spurred Parliamentary action. Therefore, reform was rarely a party issue. Each reform question was treated separately and never as a part of a body of similar measures. Individuals were free to support or oppose particular reforms according to their own interests and motivations. The result of this lack of strong consistent reformist sentiment was a pattern of piece-meal legislative action with a notable absence of comprehensive social planning. The First World War, however, brought new challenges to British society. As the …

James Butler And The Royalist Cause In Ireland, 1641-1650, Monica A. Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

On June 19, 1647 Ireland's Lord Lieutenant, the Marquis of Ormond, unconditionally surrendered the city of Dublin to the parliament of England. Ormond's biographer, Thomas Carte, records that in January of this year the marquis received a private dispatch clearly indicating Charles I's pleasure -- if it were impossible to hold Dublin and the other royalist garrisons in his name they were to be surrendered to the English rather than the Irish. The loss of the major royalist stronghold in Ireland proved, in effect, to be the turning point of the war in that kingdom; its loss has given Ormond's …

Social Upheaval And Social Change In England, 1381-1750, Sarah J. Cooney

Dissertations and Theses

The social, revolutionary upheavals that frequently exploded on the American scene during the past ten years provided a contemporary, if not sophisticated, framework for the teaching of English history to secondary students. The insights gained from this relational approach emphasized two specific issues during the eras in which England developed into a modern nation: (1) historical events set the stage for social dissatisfaction; and, (2) parliamentary actions reflected the awareness levels that gradually seeped into the social consciousness of the English politic. In isolation, five of these societal insurrections, the Peasant Revolt of 1381, the Ket Uprising in 1549, the …

The Origin Of Property In Land: Paul Vinogradoff And The Late Xixth Century English Historians, Caroline Phillips Stoel

Dissertations and Theses

One of the problems which has intrigued English historians for over a hundred years is that of the position of the common man in early England. Was he a freeman working land held communally by the village, or was he a serf laboring upon the land of an overlord? Since this question of freedom is inextricably interwoven with landholding concepts the problem may also be stated another way: Did private property in land exist from the earliest times, or is that institution the result of centuries of appropriation by individuals of land originally belonging to the commmunity as a whole? …

Contributions Of Peter Pallas To Science And Exploration In Russia, Robert C. Parker

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents an account of a prominent eighteenth-century European naturalist, Peter Pallas (1741-1811), in the setting to which he contributed his scientific talents--the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. A complete outline of Pallas' life is presented for purposes of continuity, but the heart of the thesis is presented in chapters four and five, which combined, relate the major features of Pallas' career in Russia. These two chapters are set against pertinent background material, most of which is involved with the institution itself which supported Pallas. The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences is surveyed in its origin and development in …

The Abolition Of Capital Punishment: A Comparative Study, Michael L. Call

Dissertations and Theses

The thesis is a comparative study of two campaigns waged against capital punishment. Specifically, it is an examination of the public arguments and legislative action which transpired in Oregon and Great Britain when their respective legislatures considered and then approved laws to abolish the penalty of death for the crime of murder -- Oregon in 1963 and Britain in 1965.

Changing Western Images Of Russia During The Reign Of Catherine Ii, 1762-1796, Janet L. Menze

Dissertations and Theses

The question of Russia’s relationship to Western European culture has been discussed by historians of Russian civilization for several centuries. This study aims to broaden the understanding of that relationship by investigating some of the conditions of eighteenth century Russia and Europe which led the Western Europeans to formulate an image of Russia, of Russian civilization, and of the role that Russia should play in Western European affairs. This study attempts to provide the views of a cross-section of eighteenth century Western Europeans and Americans toward the Russia of Empress Catherine II, 1762-1796.

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot: An Intellectual Approach, Elbert Hardy Cave

Dissertations and Theses

The problem of this study was to present an intellectual picture of a man who is too often written off as a mere politician and a failure at that.

In approaching the problem, his works were used heavily, though availability was a problem. François Guizot, the man studied, wrote profusely, on a large variety of subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, political theory, and education. All of these areas were covered in the study. His private papers and correspondence are, for the most part, unpublished, though the eight volumes of his Mémoires were extremely helpful.

There are many good biographical studies …

Greece: The Colonels' Puritan Revolution, Nikolaos E. Mpras

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this paper is to examine the present political situation in Greece and the events that took place from the time that Papandreou's Center Union Party came to power in 1964 to the military coup d'etat in 1967. However, in order to develop a picture of what led to the coup of 1967, it is necessary not only to discuss specific events prior and during the coup, but also to present a brief background of modern Greek politics since Greece's independence from the Turks in 1821.

The paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter briefly summarizes …

Italy 1830-1848: The Role Of The Press And The Theatre In The Formation Of The National Spirit, Albert Louis Cereghino

Dissertations and Theses

The research problem in Part I, the Press, concerns the question as to whether the Italian journals, 1830-1848, were efficacious in the formation of the Italian national spirit to the degree postulated by Professor Kent Roberts Greenfield in his thesis: Economics and Liberalism in the Risorgimento, Part II "Thought and Action," subtitled "National Journalism, 1818-1848," (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965). Specifically, this problem involves ascertaining: (1) who read the journals; (2 whether the contents of these journals were of interest to a significant portion of the population of the eight states; and (3) whether the journals were disseminated to any …

The 1958 Good Offices Mission And Its Implications For French-American Relations Under The Fourth Republic, Lorin James Anderson

Dissertations and Theses

In both a general review of Franco-American relations and in a more specific discussion of the Anglo-American good offices mission to France in 1958, this thesis has attempted first, to analyze the foreign policies of France and the United States which developed from the impact of the Second World War and, second, to describe Franco-American discord as primarily a collision of foreign policy goals--or, even farther, as a basic collision in the national attitudes that shaped those goals--rather than as a result either of Communist harassment or of the clash of personalities.

The Attack On Bourgeois Society: An Introduction To Cultural Despair In The Late Nineteenth And Twentieth Century European Thought, With Four Illustrative Studies From Traditions Of The European Intellectual Milieu, Craig Evan Wollner

Dissertations and Theses

The rise of the middle class to power and influence in European culture and politics in the nineteenth century created the conditions of modern life which to many European intellectuals were distasteful and ominous. They viewed urbanization, commercialization, industrialization and the qualities of life that they engendered, such as anxiety, limitation of freedom, and pervasive mediocrity in cultural expression, as being inimical to the traditional and more reliable values of European civilization or, in some instances, as being incapable of providing the bases for a free and humane existence.

This study focuses on the attack on bourgeois society in Europe …