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Articles 721 - 750 of 971
Full-Text Articles in European History
African Agency In The Rally Of French Equatorial Africa, August-November 1940, Mark Reeves
African Agency In The Rally Of French Equatorial Africa, August-November 1940, Mark Reeves
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
From August to November 1940, the territories of French Equatorial Africa rallied to Charles de Gaulle’s self-proclaimed Free French government in London, rather than the Vichy government set up after the German defeat of France in June. While this episode concerns European actions in European-ruled colonies, African actors pervade the story, especially as soldiers. Africans constituted the indirect audience of all the rallies by living in the territories whose policies were affected. Africans served as actors in the role of soldiers. As soldiers, African actors exhibited agency both in actions taken during operations and by their presence in the colonial …
An Austrian Identity Crisis: Conservative Thought, Political Posters, And Questions Of National Identity During The First Republic., Meyer Weinshel
An Austrian Identity Crisis: Conservative Thought, Political Posters, And Questions Of National Identity During The First Republic., Meyer Weinshel
German and Russian Studies Honors Projects
The political writings of Karl Lueger and Georg Ritter von Schönerer, the founders of the Austrian Christian Social and German National Parties, shaped the right-wing political discourse regarding national identity after the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich in 1867. As Habsburg hegemony in Central Europe crumbled after the First World War, this conservative political discourse concerning Austrian identity was resurrected in the political posters of the Austrian First Republic. Through an examination of Christian Social and German National constructions of national identity in both pre- and post-World War I Austria, this paper seeks to determine the role that conservative constructions of Austrian National …
A Comparative Analysis Of The Transitional Effect Of Democratic Regime Change On Human Rights Development, Alana Mcelhinney
A Comparative Analysis Of The Transitional Effect Of Democratic Regime Change On Human Rights Development, Alana Mcelhinney
Political Science Theses and Capstones
It has been a long-standing topic of discussion within the field of political science on the extent to which the establishment of democratic regime characteristics influences the development of human rights. While there is considerable research in the areas of democracy and human rights, what the literature lacks is research towards the growth of democratic regime characteristics being causal to the development of human rights practices. This analysis shows that a transition in democratic regime characteristics is directly linked to the development of human rights. After completing case-study analysis and developing causal theory I take data from the years 1981 …
Gaetano Salvemini: An Anti-Fascist In Cambridge, Michael Diclemente
Gaetano Salvemini: An Anti-Fascist In Cambridge, Michael Diclemente
Graduate History Conference, UMass Boston
Gaetano Salvemini was one of the earliest political exiles during Fascism. Before his exile Salvemini had the reputation as a well-respected historian and political activist. He taught history at the University of Florence among other universities. Salvemini was known for his intelligence, detailed research and analysis, as well as his unflinching ideals. After his exile Salvemini spent some time in England and France. During this time he traveled to the United States for a lecture tour. He returned to Europe but soon after returned to the U.S. He settled in Cambridge, MA to teach at Harvard University. Salvemini’s time at …
The Avenger - March-May 2012, Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
The Avenger - March-May 2012, Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
The Avenger
No abstract provided.
Formation Of Public Sphere(S) In The Aftermath Of The 1908 Revolution Among Armenians, Arabs, And Jews, Bedross Der Matossian
Formation Of Public Sphere(S) In The Aftermath Of The 1908 Revolution Among Armenians, Arabs, And Jews, Bedross Der Matossian
Department of History: Faculty Publications
Revolutionary theories are most useful when they attempt to define and interpret the causes and mechanisms of revolutions. However, when they attempt to forecast the outcomes and the impact of revolutions on their indigenous societies, they are largely unsuccessful. This article deals with the impact of the Young Turk revolution on three non-dominant ethnic groups in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Arabs, and Jews. It will argue that the revolution resulted in the creation of a multiplicity of public spheres among the ethnic groupS.1 This multiplicity of public spheres became the main medium through which these ethnic groups internalized the Young …
Civic Culture: Public Opinion And The Resurgence Of Civic Culture, Yuri Levada
Civic Culture: Public Opinion And The Resurgence Of Civic Culture, Yuri Levada
Russian Culture
There has hardly been a stretch in Russian history more saturated with sweeping changes than the period between 1988-1993. Packed into this exceedingly brief historical era are the rise of "perestroika" and the fall of its illustrious leader, Mikhail Gorbachev; the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence in its place of 15 independent states; the August '91 communist putsch and the democrats' triumphant ascension to power; the proliferation of virulent ethnic conflicts and the recognition of the abiding need for cooperation; the bloody October '93 confrontation between the executive and legislative powers and the surprising strength that the …
Millicent Garrett Fawcett: Leader Of The Constitutional Women's Suffrage Movement In Great Britain, Cecelia Parks
Millicent Garrett Fawcett: Leader Of The Constitutional Women's Suffrage Movement In Great Britain, Cecelia Parks
Undergraduate Research Awards
Examines Millicent Garrett Fawcett's leadership of the National Union of Women‟s Suffrage Societies and her role in the enfranchisement of British women. The PDF includes the author's entry submission essay for the 2012 Undergraduate Research Awards.
Rebuilding The "Special Relationship:" Ambassador Sir Harold Caccia And The Reconstruction Of Relations Between The United States And The United Kingdom, Elizabeth D. Amrhein
Rebuilding The "Special Relationship:" Ambassador Sir Harold Caccia And The Reconstruction Of Relations Between The United States And The United Kingdom, Elizabeth D. Amrhein
Student Publications
This paper focuses on the rejuvenation of the 'special relationship' between the United States and Great Britain during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Relations between the two nations suffered after the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956, and the next two years were devoted to repairing the necessary close relationship between the two allies. The research highlights the role of United Kingdom Ambassador to Washington, Sir Harold Caccia, during the time of rebuilding the close relations.
Review Of Venice’S Most Loyal City: Civic Identity In Renaissance Brescia, Brian Maxson
Review Of Venice’S Most Loyal City: Civic Identity In Renaissance Brescia, Brian Maxson
ETSU Faculty Works
This book reviewed investigates the negotiations of power between a political center, Venice, and its prized terraferma possession on the periphery, Brescia.
Franco: Ruler Of Spain, Rebecca Davis
Franco: Ruler Of Spain, Rebecca Davis
A with Honors Projects
This paper examines Francisco Franco's time as ruler of Spain.
The Political Persecution Of A Poet: A Detail Of Dante's Exile, Jason Ader
The Political Persecution Of A Poet: A Detail Of Dante's Exile, Jason Ader
A with Honors Projects
Durante degli Alighieri, known throughout the world as simply Dante, was a fourteenth century Italian poet, philosopher, literary theorist, and politician. He is best known for his epic Commedia, which was later dubbed The Divine Comedy. Commedia is generally considered the greatest Italian literary work and a masterpiece of world literature. Due to the turbulent political atmosphere of his time and place, Dante spent over a third of his life living in exile. This paper will explore the details of Dante's exile and the influence that it had upon his work.
Historical Culture: Russia In Search Of Itself, Boris Paramonov
Historical Culture: Russia In Search Of Itself, Boris Paramonov
Russian Culture
Russia's 75 year-long experiment with communism is over, but the question persists as to whether the Soviet regime was a historical aberration or an expression of the country's destiny. This question is as old as the Bolshevik revolution. It has produced a voluminous literature and will no doubt continue to attract attention in the near future. Alas, it can not be answered conclusively, for it is grounded in the questioner's ideological a priori and tells us more about the historian's biases than about Russian history.
Moral Culture: Public Morality And Private Responsibility, Igor Kon
Moral Culture: Public Morality And Private Responsibility, Igor Kon
Russian Culture
When Mikhail Gorbachev unfurled his reform banners in the late 1980's, many observers inside and outside Russia hailed perestroika as a moral renaissance. The Soviet Union was indeed a spiritually bankrupt society at the time, its citizens demanding a clean break with the past and yearning for a better future. Despite the new openness or glasnost, the changes have been slow in coming and often very controversial. A public opinion survey conducted in February 1991 showed the country morally adrift and deeply divided about the course of reforms.
Psychological Culture: Ambivalence And Resistance To Social Change, Alexander Etkind
Psychological Culture: Ambivalence And Resistance To Social Change, Alexander Etkind
Russian Culture
"National character," "modal personality," "collective unconscious," "ethnic mentality," "cultural identity" -- these and similar notions are designed to capture psychological traits that distinguish one social group from another. Attempts to isolate such hypothetical qualities are not different in principle from efforts to describe religious, legal, or other social patterns found among people who have lived together for a length of time, except that psychological constructs tend to focus on subjective characteristics and are somewhat harder to identify. For the first time, the link between culture and psychology came under close scrutiny in the nineteen century. German linguists Steinthal and Lazarus …
Intellectual Culture: The End Of Russian Intelligentsia, Dmitri N. Shalin
Intellectual Culture: The End Of Russian Intelligentsia, Dmitri N. Shalin
Russian Culture
No group cheered louder for Soviet reform, had a bigger stake in perestroika, and suffered more in its aftermath than did the Russian intelligentsia. Today, nearly a decade after Mikhail Gorbachev unveiled his plan to reform Soviet society, the mood among Russian intellectuals is decidedly gloomy. "The intelligentsia has carried perestroika on its shoulders," laments Ury Shchekochikhin, "so why does it feel so forlorn, superfluous, forgotten"? G. Ivanitsky warns that the intellectual strata "has become so thin that in three or four years the current genocide against the intelligentsia would surely wipe it out." Andrey Bitov, one of the country's …
Religious Culture: Faith In Soviet And Post-Soviet Russia, Jerry Pankhurst
Religious Culture: Faith In Soviet And Post-Soviet Russia, Jerry Pankhurst
Russian Culture
The former Soviet Union is undergoing a religious revival. People inside and outside the Russian Orthodox church are reexamining its ancient ways, rediscovering its long-forgotten saints, searching its institutional memory for answers to urgent questions facing the nation. The Western reaction to this remarkable resurgence of religion in Russia has been mixed. All observers welcome the fact that free inquiry about religion and free religious worship have been restored in the Russian Federation. At the same time, many are concerned about the xenophobic tendencies that have accompanied the religious revival in Russia and that became especially evident after the liberal …
Labor Culture: Labor Morality Under Socialism, Vladimir Magun
Labor Culture: Labor Morality Under Socialism, Vladimir Magun
Russian Culture
Soviet leaders had always taken a keen interest in workers' behavior and labor motives and sought to keep labor morality under strict state control. A complex network of values and regulations was developed for this purpose after the October Revolution of 1917. They were best articulated in the "political economy of socialism" which purported to present a scientific picture of the country's economic life. Textbooks on socialist economy were widely circulated in the Soviet Union and appropriate courses included into a core curriculum for all higher education institutions in the country. Basic tenets of socialist political economy were taught in …
The Intelligentsia Without Revolution: The Culture Of The Silver Age, Andrei Ariev
The Intelligentsia Without Revolution: The Culture Of The Silver Age, Andrei Ariev
Russian Culture
The most effective definition of "the intelligentsia" might read: “Russian intellectuals who are generally opposed to the government.” But even Russia’s traditionally powerful government has collapsed at times, leaving a vacuum of authority. This was precisely the historical situation at the beginning of the twentieth century. It made an indelible impression both upon thinkers, such as Rozanov, and on politicians, such as Lenin.
Essex Under Cromwell: Security And Local Governance In The Interregnum, James Robert Mcconnell
Essex Under Cromwell: Security And Local Governance In The Interregnum, James Robert Mcconnell
Dissertations and Theses
In 1655, Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell's Council of State commissioned a group of army officers for the purpose of "securing the peace of the commonwealth." Under the authority of the Instrument of Government, a written constitution not sanctioned by Parliament, the Council sent army major-generals into the counties to raise new horse militias and to support them financially with a tax on Royalists which the army officers would also collect. In counties such as Essex--the focus of this study--the major-generals were assisted in their work by small groups of commissioners, mostly local men "well-affected" to the Interregnum government. In addition …
The Romani Place In Kosovar Space: Nationalism And Kosovo’S Roma, Melissa Hughes
The Romani Place In Kosovar Space: Nationalism And Kosovo’S Roma, Melissa Hughes
LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
On February 17, 2008,Kosovo declared its independence. The path to independence and the claim to Kosovo was a long process that developed in three primary phases: A) the fostering of territorial solidarity under direct rule and an emphasis on historical ties to the territory; B) the foundation of the national idea within the realms of proto-nationalism; and C) the emergence of peripheral and mass nationalism. This research seeks to define the development of nationalist ideologies in Kosovo and to explore where Roma fit within those ideologies. An historical and sociological approach to nationalism in Kosovo is critical in understanding the …
Promoting Unity Through Propaganda: How The British Government Utilized Posters During The Second World War, Elizabeth Tate Goins
Promoting Unity Through Propaganda: How The British Government Utilized Posters During The Second World War, Elizabeth Tate Goins
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Comprised of four separate countries, the United Kingdom is a state unlike any other. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland all have distinct identities, which has been a cause for discord throughout British history. However, during the Second World War the Ministry of Information, under the guidance of the Conservative government and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, launched a poster-based propaganda campaign aimed towards unifying the UK under a common national self-identity. By emphasizing shared qualities such as resilience, pragmatism, humor, patriotism and even the concept of unity itself, the Ministry of Information fostered a sense of national self-identity with the …
The Path To Peace: Conflict Theory And Northern Ireland’S Troubles (1968-1998), Ruairi Wiepking
The Path To Peace: Conflict Theory And Northern Ireland’S Troubles (1968-1998), Ruairi Wiepking
Master's Theses
This paper is a qualitative historical analysis of Northern Ireland’s Troubles. Over a period of approximately thirty years, sectarian violence in Northern Ireland dominated the headlines of newspapers in both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Despite this violent history, Northern Ireland has enjoyed relative peace and stability since the passage of the Belfast Agreement in 1998. This paper aims to better understand why and how Northern Ireland endured a generation of brutal sectarian violence and emerged into a new era of peace and mutual understanding. In doing so, this paper incorporates theories from peace and conflict studies …
On The Back Of The Army: A Comparative Study Of Romanization In Britain And Egypt, Renee Wiseman
On The Back Of The Army: A Comparative Study Of Romanization In Britain And Egypt, Renee Wiseman
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Romanization is the process of understanding how Rome culturally expanded beyond military actions. This study seeks to compare how Romanization proceeded in the provinces of Britain and Egypt.
The Avenger - November 2011, Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
The Avenger - November 2011, Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
The Avenger
No abstract provided.
Defying De-Stalinization: Albania’S 1956, Elidor Mehilli
Defying De-Stalinization: Albania’S 1956, Elidor Mehilli
Publications and Research
Drawing on recently declassified Albanian, Soviet, East German, and Western archival sources, as well as a rich historiography on Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech and the Hungarian revolution of 1956, this article investigates the little-known events of 1956 in Albania. Rejecting de-Stalinization, the Albanian Communist leader Enver Hoxha was able to vindicate his position against Yugoslavia's brand of socialism abroad, fortify his rule at home, and claim more aid from Moscow, Beijing, and the Soviet bloc. This article discusses the Tirana Party Conference of April 1956, treating the Albanian Party of Labor (the Communist party) as an “information society.” The article …
The Invention Of Modern State Terrorism During The French Revolution, Guillaume Ansart
The Invention Of Modern State Terrorism During The French Revolution, Guillaume Ansart
Re-visioning Terrorism
This essay discusses three aspects of the Terror (September 1793–July 1794): (1) The Institutions of the Terror: The Committee of General Security, the Committee of Public Safety, and the Revolutionary Tribunal; (2) the Theory of Terror: The unity and indivisibility of the people, the category of enemy of the people, and the concept of Revolution as a state of war against aristocratic/foreign conspiracies; (3) the Language of Terror: The Terror is also a performative language, a language which embodies terror by aiming to silence all debate. In this sense, the language of Terror is Terror itself.
From Citoyenne To Amazon: The Evolution Of Women’S Political Self-Identity During The French Revolution, 1789 – 1793, Jacob Cassens
From Citoyenne To Amazon: The Evolution Of Women’S Political Self-Identity During The French Revolution, 1789 – 1793, Jacob Cassens
Psi Sigma Siren
French women were already presenting concerns and ideas into the charged atmosphere during the summoning of the Estates General before the Revolution of 1789 began. This meeting of members from all classes of French society was elected to present the citizens’ concerns to King Louis XVI. From their petition to the king on January 1, 1789 to the laws prohibiting women from gathering in clubs in 1793, women made themselves heard by many means, yet there was never any one particular group or movement which encompassed the entirety of the female population of France. Women’s involvement varied from impassioned pleas …
Fifty More Years? Reform And Modernisation Of The Oecd, Richard Woodward
Fifty More Years? Reform And Modernisation Of The Oecd, Richard Woodward
Articles
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is a vital, if frequently unnoticed, cog in the machine of global governance. On the organisation's 50th anniversary, Richard Woodward assesses whether the OECD's reform programme can secure its future in a changing world.
Hechiceras E Inquisidores: The Relative Lack Of Severity Of Witchcraft Prosecution Among Spanish Imperial Territories, Jeffrey Michael Mastrianni
Hechiceras E Inquisidores: The Relative Lack Of Severity Of Witchcraft Prosecution Among Spanish Imperial Territories, Jeffrey Michael Mastrianni
Honors Scholar Theses
This paper examines the social, cultural, political, and judiciary motivations behind the prosecution of witchcraft in the Spanish Empire between the years of 1492 and 1643. Included as background material are introductions to witchcraft, the history of the Empire, and the behaviors of the Spanish Inquisition. The paper attempts to illustrate the fact that witchcraft prosecution was neither severe nor overly violent in the Empire, and that each of the four major regions of the Empire (Spain proper, the Netherlands, Italy, and the Viceroyalty of Mexico) witnessed a steady and early decline of witchcraft prosecutions, albeit for different reasons. It …