History Commons^™

Shifts In French Jewish Citizenship, 1789-1840s, Jourdin Wilson

Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal

The citizenship of Jews became more discussed as a result of changes from the French Revolution of 1789. There were a variety of perspectives between non-Jews and Jews, and between different groups of Jews. The research methodology involves the analysis of qualitative primary sources including government texts and debates, groups of everyday Jews, and French Jewish literature and journal excerpts. The theoretical framework of nationalism will guide how citizenship is analyzed in the research, based on Dean Kostantaras’s book Nationalism and Revolution in Europe, 1763-1848. Results show that the way French Jews fit into or engaged with society is quite …

To Be Necessary: The Remarkable Life Of Mary Wollstonecraft, Elisabeth Phillips

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Although overshadowed by her daughter, Mary Shelley, in the public imagination, Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) stands as a significant figure in her time who left a significant legacy. Her writings advocating for women’s education, equal rights, and career opportunities established her as the progenitor of the modern women’s rights movement. Wollstonecraft’s ideas resonated in the era of the Atlantic world revolutions and laid the foundation for later advances of women in the Western world; therefore, it is important to study her contributions in the present.

A Historical And Philosophical Comparison: Joseph De Maistre & Edmund Burke, Carl J. Demarco Jr.

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Most historians have focused on the British thinker and statesman Edmund Burke, when discussing the development of Conservatism. He is often considered the “Father of Conservatism” as his principal work Reflections on the Revolution in France inspired generations of conservative thinkers. However, another conservative thinker was writing during the same period as Burke and has been relatively lost to history. Joseph de Maistre, was developing conservative thought at the same time as Burke, but has received little to no credit for the influence he held. The aim of this paper is to show that Maistre was just as influential in …

Research Guide For Rosseau, Burke, And Revolution In France 1791, Simon Kailing

Library Scholars Manuscripts

This project aims to provide students playing the Reacting to the Past game Rosseau, Burke, and Revolution in France 1791 with research guides tailored to their characters and to the factions to which those characters belong. The documents included are one main Research Guide for the whole game, which contains broad information for all factions and background on the game itself, and forty-one individual Reading Guides paired with each of the in-game Character Role Sheets. The main Research Guide includes: An introduction to the document's purpose and to the game itself, a section titled "Disclaimers" designed to outline the limits …

Institutionalizing Identity: Examining The Louvre In Revolutionary And Napoleonic France, Emma Balda, Amy Woodson-Boulton

Honors Thesis

With the collapse of the French monarchy in 1789, France sought to solidify their sense of national identity in the wake of revolution. Since the late eighteenth century, museums have long been used to foster nationalism and belonging through the institutionalization of historical narratives-- the opening of the Louvre in 1793, and its transition from a royal palace to a palace of the people, served as a physical metaphor of the complete political transformation that occurred during the French Revolution. Existing literature examines the revolutionary nationalization of the Louvre as it relates to the concept of the modern museum and …

“Bread And Not Too Much Talking!”: The Role Of The Peasant In The French Revolution, Ava Framm

History: Student Scholarship & Creative Work

The French Revolution of 1789 is arguably the most significant set of uprisings in modern European history. While the peasants neither started nor finished the revolution, they did have a profound impact on furthering the revolution at certain times, especially during the Great Fear. The main questions I will be asking are: To what extent did the peasants have a role in elections to the Estates General? To what extent did peasants shape the list of grievances that representatives of the Third Estate took to the Estates General? Why and how did the peasants accelerate the revolution at key moments …

Andrew Dickson White And America’S Unfinished (French) Revolution, Gregory S. Brown

History Faculty Research

Andrew Dickson White is not considered a canonical author in the French Revolution's historiography, but rather is known as the founding president of both Cornell University and the American Historical Association (AHA). His best-known published historical writings, when referenced at all, are often derided. Yet in his intellectually formative years, as an earnest abolitionist and amibtious Republican, eager to enter the arena of American political life and anticipating what he would later call "the great revolution" of the Civil War, White made the topic his central academic pursuit - and effectively invented a distinctly American tradition of historiography.

God Is King, But So Is Louis Xvi: Royalist Tendencies Among Protestants During The Early Stages Of The French Revolution, Brandon Smith

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

No abstract provided.

"This Dangerous Ascendancy": Women's Political Participation In The French Revolution, Natalie Merten

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

No abstract provided.

Breaking Habits: Identity And The Dissolution Of Convents In France, 1789-1808, Corinne Gressang

Theses and Dissertations--History

This dissertation uses the concept of identity to investigate the ways religious women navigated the French Revolution. Even as their religious identities were thrown into question, these women’s religious commitments remained important to them. As the French revolutionaries began to reform aspects of the ancien régime, the Catholic Church came under attack. The fate of priests, monks, and nuns came into question. Traditionally, religious women cared for orphans, the sick, and the poor, educated young girls, housed widows, rehabilitated prostitutes, and provided a respectable alternative community for aristocratic women. Despite every effort by the revolutionaries to dissolve their patterns of …

Theater And The Truth: Political And Theatrical Representations Of The 1793 Siege Of Toulon, Chela M. Aufderheide

James Blair Historical Review

The revolutionary period in France was characterized by great upheavals in theater, politics, and political culture, including the new popularity of théâtre d’actualité, or theater based on current events. This théâtre d’actualité offers a unique source with which to examine the interactions between the political and theatrical spheres at this time. To this effect, I used as a case study the 1793 siege of Toulon, in which republican forces recaptured the city after a royalist uprising. The siege and ensuing victory were frequently referenced in political discourse, and also served as the subject matter for a profusion of contemporary plays …

Trading Spaces: An Analysis Of Gendered Spaces Before, During, And After The French Revolution Of 1789 And The Mexican Revolution Of 1910, Kevin Kilroy

Scripps Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the affects of the French Revolution of 1789 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910 on gender roles in their respective societies. Women that contributed to political discourse challenged separations of public and private spheres, which dictated order in the late and postrevolutionary periods of France and Mexico. Given the deliberate acts by both postrevolutionary governments to send women to the periphery of their respective societies, it is vital to revisit the examples of female influence that shaped the early French and Mexican Revolutions. The understanding that comes from a detailed analysis of the parameters of gendered spaces …

Women With A Cause: Art, Representation, And Feminist Progress In Eighteenth-Century France, Darby Marie Leahy

Master's Theses

Throughout the eighteenth century the Age of Enlightenment transformed public discourse across Western Europe. In France, the salons of Paris became the primary institutions of Enlightenment thought. Hosted by women, the salons possessed a unique atmosphere in which men and women were regarded as intellectual equals. My thesis focuses on the role the female hostesses, salonnières, had in initiating French movements for gender equality that continued with great momentum throughout the French Revolution. By using popular artwork, literature, and memoirs I show how the efforts of French women to achieve gender equality helped give early rise to feminism.

The Ideologies And Outcomes Of The French And American Revolutions, Donald D. Palmer

Masters Theses

One effective way to compare the fruits of biblical Christianity with modernism is to contrast the ideologies and outcomes of the American and French Revolutions. Pre-revolutionary America was rich with biblical influence. Adherents of both Protestantism and Deism sought a “Christian society,” and while revolutionaries drew from both biblical Reformation and secular Enlightenment thought, much of the latter was biblical thought in secular form. Ministers employed the Bible extensively to support the Revolution. This relative theological consensus encouraged religious practice and a political system that accommodated dispute. Human rights were secure thanks to man’s subordinate position under God. Even after …

Women And Gender In The French Revolution, Alyson Handelman

History - Master of Arts in Teaching

I. Synthesis Essay………………………………3

II. Primary Documents and Headnotes……….23

III. Textbook Critique……………………………28

IV. New Textbook Entry………………………...30

V. Bibliography…………………………………..41

Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers - Accession 1049, Dorothy Moser Medlin

Manuscript Collection

(The Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers are currently in processing.)

This collection contains most of the records of Dorothy Medlin’s work and correspondence and also includes reference materials, notes, microfilm, photographic negatives related both to her professional and personal life. Additions include a FLES Handbook, co-authored by Dorothy Medlin and a decorative mirror belonging to Dorothy Medlin.

Major series in this collection include: some original 18th century writings and ephemera and primary source material of André Morellet, extensive collection of secondary material on André Morellet's writings and translations, Winthrop related files, literary manuscripts and notes by Dorothy Medlin (1966-2011), copies …

Clausewitz's Theory Of War And Victory In Contemporary Conflict, Emile Simpson

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article considers whether Clausewitz’s account of the nature of war is universal to all wars, in order then to assess how far his concept of victory is universal. While aspects of Clausewitz’s concept of war are still universal, others are not. Accordingly, his theory of victory is not universal to all wars, and especially not to wars fought against transnational terrorist networks.

Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines the potential implications of the combinations of robotics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems on the character and nature of war. The author employs Carl von Clausewitz’s trinity concept to discuss how autonomous weapons will impact the essential elements of war. The essay argues war’s essence, as politically directed violence fraught with friction, will remain its most enduring aspect, even if more intelligent machines are involved at every level.

Nobility V. Nation: Conflicting Justices In The Early French Revolution Trials Of Lambesc, Besenval, And Favras (1789-1790), Michael Arin

Senior Theses

Despite the wealth of information on the French Revolution, the courts of law remain an understudied subject matter, in particular the inconsistent application of criminal law in pursuit of suspects of lèse-nation by the Comité des recherches and Châtelet. This study bridges this gap using archival research of court documents and a holistic approach to historians of the time, of the crime, and of the cases in question. Considering the totality of the circumstances, the trials of the prince de Lambesc, baron de Besenval, and marquis de Favras paint a battleground of a multitude of conflicting justices—social, political, and judicial—resulting …

Teaching The French Revolution From A Global Perspective, Frank Jacob

Publications and Research

The French Revolution (1789-1799) is a process of events in world history that had a tremendous global impact. Regardless of this fact, it is, however, still rather taught in its European context. Without this revolution, it seems, Western modernity could not be the same and many countries in Europe remember the impact of the events at the beginning of the so called “long” 19th century in their national historiographies. While the First World War, called “the seminal catastrophe”3 of the 20th century by George F. Kennan (1904-2005) in the late 1970s, marks the end of this long century, the French …

Tracing Paintings In Napoleonic Italy: Archival Records And The Spatial And Contextual Displacement Of Artworks, Nora Gietz

Artl@s Bulletin

Using a Venetian case study from the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, this article demonstrates how archival research enables us to trace the spatial life of artworks. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic policy of the suppression of religious corporations, followed by the appropriation of their patrimony, as well as the widespread looting of artworks, led to the centralisation of patrimony in newly established museums in the capitals of the Empire and its satellite kingdoms. This made the geographical and contextual displacement, transnationalisation, and change in the value of artworks inevitable.

Creating A Statesman: The Early Life Of Prince Clemens Von Metternich And Its Effect On His Political Philosophy, Ryan M. Nadeau

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

As one of the most prolific and influential statesmen of the nineteenth century, Prince Clemens von Metternich is a man whose politics, policies, and political philosophy has received a good amount of attention from historians. Owing to the focus on his career rather than his personal story, the details of his early life have often gone unanalyzed in the context of his later views, despite the formative influence of these years on his political philosophy. An upbringing culturally influenced by France, an education focused on natural sciences and history, and a first-hand experience with the worst side of the French …

Do You Hear The People Sing?: Populist Discourse In The French Revolution, Rebecca Dudley

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

The rallying cry of the French Revolutionaries was "Liberte! Egalite! Fraternite!" (liberty, equality, fraternity), and the French Revolution, a pivotal moment in French, European, and world history, has been consistently considered one of the first and most significant nationalist movements. Research and literature thus far on discourse in this revolution have focused on nationalism Qenkins 1990; Hayward 1991; O'Brien 1988), along with the discourses of violence and terror that led to the graphic revolution (Ozouf 1984; Leoussi 2001). The presence of nationalist discourse and nationalist sentiment in the French Revolution is undeniable, but there are other elements potentially missing from …

The Language Of Race In Revolutionary France And Saint-Domingue, 1789-1792, Jeffery L. Stanley

Theses and Dissertations--History

This project studies the historical development of racialist language during the French Revolution as politicians, free people of color, and colonial whites debated the political status of France’s free people of color population. It examines the negotiation of a racialist language that bolstered colonial racial hierarchies with an egalitarian language that sought to level the corporate structures of the Old Regime. I look especially at the ways that language served as a management device to articulate and legitimize new relationships of power in the political culture of the French Revolution. I connect developments in France to the colonies by showing …

Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Conserving Creativity: The Roles Of Clothing And Cuisine In The French Revolution, Karis Stubblefield

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

About the author

Karis Stubblefield is a junior at Brown University double-concentrating in history and Egyptology. Her scholarly interests include the study of everyday life in Ancient Egypt as well as more modern revolutionary movements around the world. She has spent the last two summers interning at the San Antonio Museum of Art in her hometown, where she worked in the director's office and served as a curatorial assistant for various exhibits, including a collection showcasing Indian painting under the Mughal Court. At Brown she is involved with various clubs and organizations, including serving as a writer for a student-run …

France's Financial Crisis: Analyzing The Role Of The Finance Minister, Jadon B. Smith

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

The downfall of France's Old Regime and the beginning of the French Revolution were largely caused by the financial crisis plaguing France. Since the Seven Year's War, France's finances had suffered and were spiraling out of control. The finances were kept largely by the country's appointed finance minister. France would go through a host of these finance ministers up to the Revolution. The most notable was Jacques Necker who receives more detailed analysis. Tracing the administrations of these finance ministers helps explain an important factor leading to the French Revolution.

Jacques-Louis David And The Enlightenment: The Intersection Of Art And Politics In Prerevolutionary France, Ashley B. Mullen

Senior Theses and Projects

An analysis of Jacques-Louis David's art and politics before and during the French Revolution.

The Jacobin Republic Under Fire : The Federalist Revolt In The French Revolution, Paul Hanson

Paul R. Hanson

"One of the central questions of the French Revolution is what happened to the country from the time the monarchy collapsed in the summer of 1791, when the prospects for popular democracy seemed brightest, to the Terror of 1793-94, when the Committee of Public Safety ruled by fiat and repression. A key moment during this interim period was the so-called Federalist Revolt, when four provincial cities - Caen, Bordeaux, Lyon, and Marseille - rebelled against the more radical revolutionaries in Paris threatening to plunge France into civil war. Over the years some very good work has been published on the …

Contesting The French Revolution, Paul Hanson

Paul R. Hanson

"This book presents an overview of what led up to this pivotal event, the turning points that shaped it, and its far-reaching effects, as well as examining the most significant historiographical debates about this period. Were the events of 1789 a social revolution or a political accident? Did they mark the rise of industrial capitalism or the birth of modern democracy? Was the Reign of Terror a response to foreign war and domestic resistance or the product of Jacobin ideology? Paul Hanson offers an engaging analysis of these debates, showing us how historical interpretation of the French Revolution has been …