History Commons^™

For Just Business, It’S Pretty Personal: The Impact Of Money On The Early Republic’S Economically Elite Families, Abigail L. Adam

Student Publications

This essay examines the Adam Family Papers as a case study representing the Early American Republic’s economic elite. It argues that individual business practices affected the relationships between relatives—sometimes positively, other times negatively. The first section concerns other historians’ work on the family and on the Salisbury Iron District. The second section discusses women’s roles within their male relatives’ businesses. The third section relates to gift exchanges, while the fourth concerns business transactions between family members. The fifth section regards the economic hierarchy that emerged within the Forbes & Adam family. Letters concerning Samuel Forbes, John Adam Jr., Abigail Adam, …

Beneath The Tower: The Story Of A Campus Icon, Ziv R. Carmi

Student Publications

A history of Glatfelter Hall, one of the most iconic buildings on the Gettysburg College campus. This paper also aims to compare Glatfelter with a similarly iconic building on the campus of UVA, the Rotunda. Finally, it proposes a series of interpretive markers about the history of Glatfelter Hall both in terms of content and placement.

Louisiana Bohemians: Community, Race, And Empire, Ann Ostendorf

History Faculty Scholarship

In 1720, thirteen deported French Bohemian (Romani) families disembarked in the floundering Louisiana colony. Anti-Bohemian sentiment combined with a growing French Empire in need of able-bodied and reproductive laborers to dislocate these families from their already precarious lives. Over the next century, as Louisiana increasingly developed along new and more intransigent racialized lines, Bohemians navigated and helped construct this emergent racial order in diverse ways. Despite the formation of an initial Bohemian community in eighteenth-century Louisiana, their descendants were eventually distributed into new colonial racial categories. The racial potential of Louisiana Bohemians declined as their actions, especially their sexual choices, …

The King With The Vīṇā Flag – Perspectives Of Rāvaṇa In Film, Achintya Prahlad

Journal of Religion & Film

Rāvaṇa, the ten-headed Rākṣasa (‘demon’) king of the epic the Rāmāyaṇa, is the most fascinating of all the antagonists in films based on Hindu mythology, so powerful that even the Sun cannot rise without his orders, and celebrated as an unparalleled musician-scholar and great devotee of the god Śiva. His passion for the vīṇā, a string instrument with divine associations, is so great that this instrument adorns his royal flag as its emblem. His consciousness of his supreme powers and great knowledge soon gives way to ahaṅkāra (hubris) and lust, which leads to his eventual downfall and death at the …

Reframing The Sacred: Valkyrie And The Basis Of Resistance, William S. Skiles

Journal of Religion & Film

The film Valkyrie (2008) is a thriller that explores the religious basis of the July 20, 1944 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler in the last year of the Second World War. While the political motivations are clearly stated in exposition and dialogue, the religious motivations are shown through a series of images, symbols, and dramatic uses of the word “sacred” (heilig and its derivatives). The filmmakers focus on Colonel von Stauffenberg’s struggle against the Nazi conception of the sacred, revealing his Christian sense of the sacred as a basis for his resistance. The religious elements in the film provide …

Frederick Wiseman's Essene (1972): The Duality Of Mary And Martha, Nilita Vachani

Journal of Religion & Film

America’s legendary documentary filmmaker Frederick Wiseman shot Essene 50 years ago at the height of the commune movement in the United States. Unlike his previous institutional films which showcase an insane asylum, a public high school, an inner city police force, a hospital, and a military training school, Essene's canvas is the far less turbulent terrain of a serene and austere Benedictine monastery devoted to the love and service of God and the divine spirit. This paper undertakes a close textual and hermeneutic analysis of Essene alongside an appraisal of Wiseman’s working methodology, his cinematic portrayals of character and dramaturgy, …

Where Is Anne Frank, Ken Derry

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a film review of Where Is Anne Frank (2021) directed by Ari Folman.

Modern Forms | Harris Armstrong | Faith & Congregation, Huzefa Jawadwala

Mendel Sato Research Award Projects

Analysis of the St. Louis Ethical society building. Harris Armstrong and development of his design methods.

Mendel Sato Research Award 2021

Prussian Militarism And The German Wars Of Unification, Hamza Elshakankiri

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper explains how Prussian militarism gained a sense of supremacy and invisibility through the German Wars of Unification. Beginning with Prussia’s rule in defeating Napoleon from 1813, Prussia became in the center of German nationalism. After defeating Napoleon, Prussian militarism went into hibernation, as the monarchs abandoned the idea of nationalism and tried to put Europe back together. The prospect of German Unification became possible under Bismarck. The final step of German Unification was the war against France, as Prussia was portrayed as Germany's savior against French aggression.

The Octofoil, October/November/December 2021, Ninth Infantry Division Association

The Octofoil

The Octofoil is the offical publication of the Ninth Infantry Division Association, Inc., an organization formed by the officers and men of the 9th Infantry Division in order to perpetuate the memory of fallen comrades, preserve the esprit de corps of the Division, promote peace and serve as an information bureau about the 9th Infantry Division. The Association is made up of 9th Infantry veterans from WWII and Vietnam, spouses, widows and lineal descendants.

Atenism And Pharaoh Akhenaten’S Attempt To Deify Himself, Sabrina Wade

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

18th Dynasty (1550-1295 BCE) pharaoh Amenhotep IV (d. 1336 BCE), later known as Akhenaten, founded what was arguably Egypt’s first monotheistic religion, which was based around the solar god Aten. This essay posits that Akhenaten founded this new religion as an attempt to deify himself. Evidence from both The Great Hymn to the Aten and Amarna Period artwork point to an attempt by Akhenaten to establish himself, not just as another pharaoh god-king, but as the sole, eternal living god. He was not simply the son of Aten, but the incarnation of Aten himself.

Poisoned Bread: The Esing Bakery Incident Of 1857 And Racism In Colonial Hong Kong, Jason Lee

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The Esing Bakery incident of 1857 remains one of the largest man-made food-poisoning events in known history. Set during the early Second Opium War, the trial and treatment of the bakery owner, Cheong Alum, serves as an intriguing event through which the racial tensions between Europeans and Chinese inhabitants of colonial Hong Kong can be examined. Adopting a microhistorical lens, this paper investigates existing racial tensions in the colony, past poisoning incidents, and the peculiarities of the Hong Kong legal system to reveal a colonial Hong Kong that was thoroughly steeped in racial, and arguably racist, rhetoric.

When I Paint My Masterpiece: Giotto’S Last Judgement And Its Twelfth Century Cultural Foundations, Zachary Graham

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Covering the back wall of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Italy, Giotto di Bondone’s Last Judgement (1306) serves as a comprehensive benchmark for the transition between medieval and renaissance art. Quickly becoming one of his most definitive works, the fresco exhibits techniques taken from some of the earliest medieval and late Byzantine works of religious art while still proving to be a brilliant display of the artist’s unique style. This research paper first explores Giotto’s artistic influences, focusing on three specific iterations of the Last Judgement in France and asserting that they all had a direct impact on Giotto’s later …

A Question Of Law: The Chinese Legal Discourse Under The Guomindang In The 1920s And 1930s, Nils Peterson

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The 1920s and 1930s saw discussions of Chinese legal discourse shift from being premised on the rule of law to an increasing acceptance of authoritarian government. Prominent intellectuals like Hu Shih demonstrated this shift via their writings in the respective time periods. While the years preceding the late 1920s did not witness widespread rule of law in China, the Guomindang’s rise to power put the nail in the coffin for any sort of democratic government, subordinate to the law, ruling China.

Mom-In-Chief: The Financial And Emotional Demands Of Motherhood On Housewives Of Servicemen During World War Ii, Abigail Caldwell

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This essay analyzes letters by white, American stay-at-home mothers with husbands in the service during World War II. It uses articles published during the war to compare the expectations for moms to their lived experiences and explores how motherhood shaped their wartime lives. Many scholars have studied women during WWII, but most focus on those who entered the work force. This essay takes a closer look at the women who stayed home with their children and what that looked like compared to the media’s portrayals. The mothers’ letters capture the financial and emotional hardships caused by war, separation, motherhood, and …

"I Know It When I See It": The Supreme Court And The Changing Definition Of Obscenity, Madelaine Setiawan

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This research paper analyzes the Supreme Court’s history in defining obscenity by exploring how and why the Supreme Court’s definition of obscenity changed over time through many of the Court rulings and landmark decisions. This paper will look into these cases chronologically from Rosen v. United States (1896) to Miller v. California (1973). This research demonstrates that the key to the changes in defining obscenity lies in the evolution of societal values, where the Court merely adapts to what society demands.

The Buraimi Crisis: The Anglo-American Rivalry In The Arabian Peninsula, 1949-1955, Omar S. Abdellatif, Abdulaziz Al Meajel

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Through the case study of the Buraimi War, this essay aims to dissect the impact of British and American influence on political systems in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly as a result of their post-Second World War rivalry in the region. It is argued that as a result of Great power rivalry and the clash between traditional political concepts and that brought on by Western powers, that the adoption of political institutions of European conception would accelerate. Thus, the modern state system in Arabia was born marked by territorially defined boundaries and increased authoritarianism.

The Economics Of Empires: An Analysis Of British Railway Investments In 1850s Imperial Brazil, Scott Benigno

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

While Brazil is not often thought to be connected to Britain in our present day, Brazil’s early independent history was inextricably linked with the European imperial power. Using A Report on the Proposed Railway in the Province of Pernambuco, Brazil written by British civil engineer Edward De Mornay in 1855 as an example, this paper looks specifically at Britain’s interests in developing railways in the mostly non-industrialized Brazil and the reasons behind.

Review Of "Sultans And Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture Of Bangladesh", Himadri Mukherjee

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This is a review of Sultans and Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh authored by Perween Hasan.

2021-10-01 Newsletter, Morehead State University. Staff Congress.

Staff Congress Records

Staff Congress newsletter from October 1, 2021.

Behind The Smoke Screen: Literary Resistance To The Trujillo Dictatorship, 1943-1947, Sokeyra Francisco , '22

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Several scholars have engaged with the era of the Dominican Republic’s history, approximately 1930-1961, defined by Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship, focusing on the political and economic repercussions of the regime. However, studying the era of the Trujillo dictatorship from the perspective of its social history reveals the extent to which the dictatorship permeated Dominican society and its citizens both on the island and in exile. This essay will expand on the history of the era through a focus on the efforts of writer activists living in the country and in exile to resist the dictatorship and its rhetoric, investigating the ways …

“The Music Did All The Talking:” Community, Resistance, And Improvisation In Louis Armstrong’S Cultural Diplomacy, Leo Posel , '22

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

This paper examines the many meanings and implications of Louis Armstrong’s role in the Jazz Ambassadors program, and his tours of West and Central Africa in the 1950’s and 60’s. Specifically, I argue that musical evidence is crucially important in a comprehensive understanding of this program, as well as the politics of creating and consuming Black American music at this time. By relying on live recordings, documentary footage, and radio interviews as well as a rich historiography that relates this music with American Cold War culture, I demonstrate the underlying connections between Armstrong’s performances and American notions of race, diaspora, …

“Either On Account Of Sex Or Color”: Policing The Boundaries Of The Medical Profession During Reconstruction, Adam Lloyd-Jones , '22

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

In 1868, the American Medical Association (AMA) was asked to permit consultation with female physicians and admit them as delegates. In 1870, a delegation of Black doctors sought entrance to an Annual AMA meeting. The AMA refused entrance to both female and Black physicians. This paper argues that these meetings, and the question of inclusion for Black and female practitioners, arose out of the political climate that Reconstruction created. Expanding from previous scholarship, this paper further analyzes the role of Chicago doctor Nathan Smith Davis in the perpetuation of a white medical profession.

Islamic Library: History, Classification, And Waqf Role, Muhammad Syafii Antonio, Aam Slamet Rusydiana, Dwi Purwoko, Husnul Khatimah, Amelia Tri Puspita

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Islam provides a great impetus for humans to pursue knowledge. The first verse revealed from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is Iqra, which means “to read”. The Qur’an uses repetition to instill certain concepts in the consciousness of its listeners. Allah (God) and Rab (Sustainer) are repeated 2,800 and 950 times, respectively, in the Alquran and Ilm (knowledge) 750 times. The need to preserve the Alqur’an aroused a passion for compiling writings in various forms, which paved the way for establishing the earliest libraries in the Muslim world. Libraries in Islamic history occupy an important position. Its existence is very …

Distribution Struggle: Assembling A Media History Of J. Brian’S Enterprises With Court Proceedings And Public Records, Finley Freibert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

This article introduces the concept of “distribution struggle”—the panoply of cultural and industrial conflicts that must be traced and accounted for in distribution histories—to sequence a primary-sourced media history of J. Brian’s gay media enterprises. In tracing this history, primary sources are surprisingly accessible, and provide new insights into J. Brian’s industrial operations. By triangulating archival records with secondary accounts, this article provides a more nuanced cultural and industrial portrait of J. Brian. It argues that media industry historiography must frame historical narratives by accounting for the cultural and industrial struggles that culminated in the available archival sources, in this …

Narciso Martínez: El Huracán Del Valle De Sol A Sol, Manuel F. Medrano

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

International Students Finding Ways To Be More Involved, Hadel Abdelkarim

Lindenlink (2012- )

No abstract provided.

Rec Hall Stl Will Be Kicking Off Their Second “Underachiever’S Run” This Saturday, Ben Kaiser

Lindenlink (2012- )

No abstract provided.

'Our Duty Is To Furnish Such Education:' Black Children And Schooling In Baltimore City, 1828 - 1900, Lisa Rose Lamson

Dissertations (1934 -)

This dissertation focuses on the ways Baltimore City’s public school system developed in the nineteenth century as it was shaped by Black Baltimorean’s expectations of their children’s schooling. From the beginning of the city’s public school system, established in 1828, Black Baltimoreans advocated for their children’s futures by demanding access to universal, state sponsored education. Black Baltimoreans declared that children had a right to an education that was in sufficient buildings, had appropriate graded curricular choices that would benefit their futures, and were taught by black teachers or those “in sympathy” with them. This dissertation argues that for Black Baltimoreans, …

Review Of Upon The Altar Of Work: The North-South Divide Over Child Labor, 1850–1939, James Marten

History Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.