History Commons^™

Lanthorn, Vol. 37, No. 35, June 19, 2003, Grand Valley State University

Volume 37, July 11, 2002 - June 19, 2003

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

Fynewever, Ruth Oral History Interview: Polio Survivors In Holland, Matthew Nickel

Polio Survivors in Holland

Oral Histories conducted with Polio Survivors in Holland, Michigan in 2003.

Ccu Newsletter, June 16, 2003, Coastal Carolina University

Coastal Carolina University Newsletter

A newsletter for faculty, staff and friends of Coastal Carolina University. Volume 13, Number 11

Interview No. 988, Andrés Héctor Quezada Lara

Combined Interviews

Mr. Quezada quit school in order to go to the United States and work as a bracero; he was hired in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, but was sent to Querétaro, Querétaro to sign the job contract; his first contract took him to work in the Chicago Milwaukee Pacific Union railroads; after working there, he was sent to Kansas to work in the fields; while there, he organized a meeting to ask for better salary for the braceros; their pay was increased from 50¢ to 90¢ per hour; he was then sent to work in Missouri, where he had an accident while …

Ada News - 06/16/2003, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 41, June 16, 2003, Grand Valley State University

2002-2003, Volume 27

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

Maxie Coney Dunlap

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Interview No. 989, Jesús Rodríguez Méndez

Combined Interviews

Mr. Rodríguez learned of the Bracero Program while living in his hometown of Guerrero, Chihuahua, México; he traveled to Chihuahua, Chihuahua, in order to begin the enrollment process; he had to wait for two weeks to be called; during this time, he did not have money or a place to stay; he recalls that people coming from southern México waited for months at El Trocadero, the processing center in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, to be hired; when the braceros were officially hired, the United States government paid the Mexican government 10¢ per bracero; in 1963, he was hired and sent to work …

Interview No. 966, Raúl Enriquez González

Combined Interviews

Mr. Enríquez recalls the privileges the people from Chihuahua, México, enjoyed during the hiring process; he raised cattle and worked in the cotton fields of the same ranch for six years; the ranchers he worked for spoke Spanish, and the rancher’s wife would bring him lunch while he was out working in the fields; although he also worked in Arizona and Texas, working in Colorado was the best experience he had as a bracero.

Interview No. 970, Socorro Flores Pando

Combined Interviews

When Mr. Flores began the hiring process in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, he was asked for a Mexican military ID and a recommendation letter; he came to the United States as a bracero when he was only eighteen years old; upon entering the United States, he was sent to El Paso, Texas, and then to Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas, for a physical examination; while there, he signed a job contract and was sent to the ranch where he would work; he worked in Fort Stockton, Texas, for seven months watering the fields; his weekly salary was $116.00.

Songs Of Freedom, Buffalo Gay Men's Chrous

Programs

Welcome to the Spring concert of the Buffalo Gay Men's Chorus. This is our fourth concert since our founding in 2001 and we've grown from 50 men for that first concert in February of 2003 to 70 men tonight. Our mission is not only to entertain, but also to present different kinds of choral music that a talented male chorus under the leadership of an experienced and skilled music director can perform. So we have a very broad repertoire for a discriminating, eclectic audience that includes both vocal and instrumental pieces, classics, Broadway, and somewhat lighter selections. As well, because …

Interview No. 981, Guadalupe Nuñez

Combined Interviews

Mr. Núñez recalls that during his enrollment process in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, there were only Mexican officers present; there were no American representatives; in addition, there were no exams or contracts given there; the United States government paid the Mexican government about 27¢ for each bracero that was hired; it was when they were moved to Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas, that they were medically examined and signed contracts; he recalls that it was the last year of the program; his work contract lasted only three months, and took him to work in the cotton fields of …

Interview No. 980, Gonzalo Morales

Combined Interviews

Mr. Morales briefly recounts his childhood; in 1954, he heard about the Bracero Program; due to financial difficulties, he decided to go to Chihuahua, Chihuahua México, to begin the hiring process; he recalls how the Mexican President, Lázaro Cárdenas, prohibited people on ejidos from being hired as braceros; only people from ranches were allowed to be braceros; while working as a bracero he was unaware that the Mexican government received 10¢ per bracero that was hired from the ranchers; while waiting in Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas, the food the braceros were given was rotten; the water …

Fynewever, Forrest Oral History Interview: Polio Survivors In Holland, Matthew Nickel

Polio Survivors in Holland

Oral Histories conducted with Polio Survivors in Holland, Michigan in 2003.

Toni Lashay Glover Mobley

African American Funeral Programs

Funeral Program for Toni LaShay Glover Mobley on June 12, 2003 at Whitaker Funeral Home

Interview No. 986, Roberto Ponce Covarrubias

Combined Interviews

Mr. Ponce and his brother decided to enroll in the Bracero Program due to their family’s financial difficulties; when they were taken to Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas, they were deloused and given a blood test; they were offered help when filling out work contracts; Mr. Ponce’s first work contract took him to Las Cruces, New Mexico; the worst place he worked was Lamesa, Texas; he recalls that the graveyards near the ranch were said to have been for the braceros; he sent money to his family via certified mail.

Interview No. 967, Elías Espino

Combined Interviews

Mr. Espino was first hired in Las Cruces, New Mexico, where he worked for a year; during his time as a bracero he worked in Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and Arizona; he recounts his difficulties while working illegally; he also recalls the percentage the Mexican government received from the United States for each bracero worker; he lead a protest to stop the delousing process for braceros entering the United States; in addition, he also remembers that the Bracero Program was suspended for an entire year in 1959.

Interview No. 973, Mauro González Gómez

Combined Interviews

In 1947, Mr. González worked illegally in the United States; when he learned of the Bracero Program he returned to Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, to begin the hiring process; while there, people were given the necessary papers to be hired as braceros; he recalls that the bracero center in El Paso, Texas, was the County Coliseum; people with less experience were sent to work in Pecos, Texas; he also recalls one bracero who was a Mexican soldier that liked to play poker; because of his gambling habits, he once killed another bracero who had won his money.

College Sport Just Keeps Getting More Bizarre In Its Excesses, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

In the past two months I have come to an entirely new appreciation of intercollegiate athletics. I now see how it serves the aims of higher education and builds character. It is clear that it is not about the money and that coaches are true educators guiding young men and women to a life of the highest ethical and moral standards. I have been wrong and I am willing to stand tall and admit it. This is clearly an institution within the institution of higher learning that is worth protecting, preserving, and cherishing.

Dr. Joel B. Burrell

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Deacon Pervit Byrd, Sr.

African American Funeral Programs

Deacon_Pervit_Byrd_Sr.pdf - Funeral program for Pervit Byrd

Sosa's Corked Bat: Much To Do Over Not Much, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

It is so. It is also Sosa.

Robert D. Pierce

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

2003 Commencement For Jefferson Medical College And College Of Graduate Studies

Sidney Kimmel Medical College Commencements

No abstract provided.

50th Anniversary Of The Everest Conquest And The Everest Obsession, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

The second of June is the anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of England. On that same day in 1953 news arrived in London that Sir Edmund Hilary and Tenzing Norgay had reached the summit of Mount Everest a few days earlier on May 29th. It seemed like a fortuitous convergence of events celebrating resurgent British Imperial power. In fact it was but an illusion, a false echo of past glory for a fading empire economically drained by the ravages of war.

Ms. Joanna Boley-Lee On Leisure, Maureen Elgersman Lee

We Exist Series 4: Quotes

Interviewer: Maureen Elgersman Lee.

Interviewee: Ms. Joanna Boley-Lee (age 66; born 1937 in Newark, New Jersey; lived in Maine for 8 ½ years)

“I think my closing reflections would be that when I came to Lewiston I remember walking across the bridge that goes across the Androscoggin, the extension of Main Street, just sort of looking out, and there was a black man with a camera and I thought, good, there's a black person. So I went up to him and I introduced myself, told him I was new in the area and he tells me he was visiting. I …

Interview No. 1017, Alejandro Ruteaga Rivas

Combined Interviews

Mr. Ruteaga recalls his childhood and the stories his father told about the Mexican Revolution; in 1953, he entered the Bracero Program; he describes the hiring process in Durango, Durango, México, the requirements, and the medical exams performed by American doctors at Rio Vista, a processing center in Socorro, Texas; he worked in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, New Mexico, Texas and Wyoming; additionally, he recounts daily activities, what braceros did on weekends, their contracts, and their wages; he states that ranchers hired undocumented workers along with braceros; furthermore, he relates how representatives from the Mexican consulate visited …

Interview No. 1005, Felipe Hernández Zapata

Combined Interviews

Mr. Hernández briefly recalls his family, childhood, and early adolescence; the poverty he experienced growing up coupled with his desire to earn money and have a better life led him to enroll in the Bracero Program in 1952; he chronicles the hiring and contracting process he went through in Durango, Durango, México, including the requirements for enlisting and the medical exams he endured; from there he was transported to the border via bus; as a bracero, he worked in Texas, picking cotton, grapefruits, oranges, and peas; he explains how the various tasks were carried out, the different events that transpired …

Souter, Ken Oral History Interview: Polio Survivors In Holland, Matthew Nickel

Polio Survivors in Holland

Oral Histories conducted with Polio Survivors in Holland, Michigan in 2003.

Interview No. 1019, David Salcido Martínez

Combined Interviews

Mr. Salcido remembers a hard childhood that forced him to work at an early age so he could help his family economically; these hardships led him to enlist in the Bracero Program in 1964; he worked in Colorado cleaning sugar beet fields; additionally, he describes the hiring process, the contracting center in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, the difficulties he endured there, and the train trip to the México-United States border in cattle cars; furthermore, he explains how the reception center in El Paso, Texas worked, the disinfection procedures they endured and the signing of his contract; he continues to recount the …