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Full-Text Articles in History

James Grant, British East Florida, And The Impending Imperial Crisis, 1764-1771, Susan Schwartz May 2022

James Grant, British East Florida, And The Impending Imperial Crisis, 1764-1771, Susan Schwartz

Florida Historical Quarterly

When newly appointed governor James Grant arrived in St. Augustine on August 29, 1764, the tiny population greeted him with all the pomp and circumstance they could muster.1 A few weeks later, attended with "all due Solemnity" by the members of the Governor's Council, civil and military officials, and "many other Gentlemen of Distinction," Grant took his oaths of office.2 As Grant thanked his subjects for their deferential welcome, he was unaware that he had entered into the beginnings of a political morassan imperial crisis that would culminate in the separation of the American mainland colonies from Great Britain. In …


500 Years Of Florida History - The Eighteenth Century, Connie L. Lester May 2022

500 Years Of Florida History - The Eighteenth Century, Connie L. Lester

Florida Historical Quarterly

Upheaval characterized eighteenth-century Florida. European powers continued to fight for dominance in the region and Great Britain emerged as Spain's primary competitor, obtaining control of the peninsula and its environs, at least on paper, for two decades (1763-1783) before Spain again claimed ownership. Most native groups continued to decline in population due to disease, migration, warfare and enslavement while others, specifically the Seminoles, grew in numbers and regional influence for many of the same reasons. African Americans, both enslaved and free, expanded their presence in Florida, steadily asserting their autonomy militarily, socially and culturally. St. Augustine and Pensacola remained the …


The Historiography Of Eighteenth-Century Florida, Sherry Johnson May 2022

The Historiography Of Eighteenth-Century Florida, Sherry Johnson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida is the neglected stepchild of Spain's American empire, wrote Carl L. Swanson in his introduction to the reprint of Joyce Harman's Trade and Privateering in Spanish Florida, 1732-1763.1 Written in 2004, Swanson's observation decrying the limited number of books that dealt with early Florida was not too far from the mark. Like Jane Landers'observation on the difficulty in placing Florida into one historical tradition or another, such statements underscore the obstacles in crafting a cohesive article that overcomes the problems not encountered in writing historiographical essays for the other centuries of La Florida.2 The challenges begin when one realizes …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 93, Number 3. Includes the Table of Contents


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Brinkmann, Florida Sinkholes: Science and Policy. by Christopher F. Meindl; Bonner and Pennington, eds., The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. Volume 21: Art and Architecture. by Christine Madrid French; Stern, Southern Crucifix, Southern Cross: Catholic-Protestant Relations in the Old South. by Robert H. Craig; Gallagher and Shelden, eds., A Political Nation: New Directions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century American Political History. by Grant R. Brodrecht; Gillespie, Katharine and R.J. Reynolds: Partners of Fortune in the Making of the New-South. by J. Vincent Lowery; Cassanello, To Render Invisible: Jim Crow and Public Life in New South Jacksonville. by Tom Hanchett; Knowles, Long Key: Flagler's …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ada Coats Williams (1920-2014); Annual Meeting and Symposium of the Florida Historical Society; FHS Acquires the Brevard Museum of History and Natural Science; The Florida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; The Lawton M. Chiles, Jr. Center for Florida History Presents the Florida Lecture Series 2014-2015; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


A Few Crazy Ladies: How Women Broke Down Barriers And Created A Place For Female Martial Artists In Florida, 1974-1983, Christopher David Thrasher May 2022

A Few Crazy Ladies: How Women Broke Down Barriers And Created A Place For Female Martial Artists In Florida, 1974-1983, Christopher David Thrasher

Florida Historical Quarterly

In September 1974, Black Belt Magazine published a letter from Karen Swanson, a school teacher living in Tallahassee, Florida. Swanson thanked the editors for their recent hire of the New York historian and martial artist Valarie Eads to write a reoccurring column in their magazine on female fighters titled "Fighting Woman." Swanson described herself as an active feminist who wanted to learn self-defense under the guidance of a female teacher. Swanson lamented that there were no female martial arts teachers in north Florida and therefore she had been forced to look for a male instructor. Swanson explained that most male …


Time To Grow Up: The Rise And Fall Of Spring Break In Fort Lauderdale, James Schiltz May 2022

Time To Grow Up: The Rise And Fall Of Spring Break In Fort Lauderdale, James Schiltz

Florida Historical Quarterly

Every year millions of American college students embark upon their spring break odysseys south to enjoy a break from classes and inclement weather. Contrary to the degenerative nature of today's spring breaks, the genesis of the custom was rather innocent. In 1934, before the ubiquity of collegiate indoor swimming pools, Colgate University's swimming coach Sam Ingram became concerned that the harsh winters of upstate New York were inhibiting his team's strength and conditioning. At the suggestion of a swimmer's father who hailed from South Florida, Ingram and his team traveled to Fort Lauderdale to train at the Las Olas Casino …


Wishing That Right May Prevail: Ethan Allen Hitchcock And The Florida War, C. S. Monaco May 2022

Wishing That Right May Prevail: Ethan Allen Hitchcock And The Florida War, C. S. Monaco

Florida Historical Quarterly

On a spring evening in 1841, Major Ethan A. Hitchcock (1798-1870), mindful of the rare privilege of spending a night alone in a "small neat house" overlooking Tampa bay, rather than encamped in the East Florida wilderness, opened a trunk containing his flute and some sheet music and proceeded to play a few pieces. Pausing for a moment, he put his instrument down and walked over to an open window where he "sat in the light of the moon." As the air blew gently, Hitchcock was overcome by a rush of feeling. "I could haye wept," he confided to his …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 93, Number 2. Includes the Table of Contents


New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill May 2022

New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

Grant, the first governor of the British province of East Florida, arrived at St. Augustine in 1763 with a determination to prioritize Indian diplomacy. He desperately wanted to avoid violence between settlers and the neighboring Creek Indians, as he feared that internecine warfare on the frontier would scare potential immigrants from moving to the colony. The governor sought peaceful relations, not as a humanitarian aim, but as a means of advancing his goal of developing East Florida. To this end, Grant devised what he called a "new system" for the management of Indian affairs. This "new system," actually relied on …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Society 2014 Award Recipients; Dorothy Dodd Lifetime Achievement Award; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Timucuan Science and History Symposium; The Lawton M. Chiles, Jr. Center for Florida History Presents the Florida Lecture Series 2014-2015; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Stojanowski, Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples: Historical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Intracemetery Bioarchaeology in Spanish Florida. by Robert L. Thunen; Block, Ordinary Lives in the Early Caribbean: Religion, Colonial Competition, and the Politics of Profit. by Kris Lane; Watson, Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821. by Jimmy L. Bryan Jr; Harvey, Moses,Jesus, and the Trickster in the Evangelical South. by Bill J. Leonard; Taylor, Reconstructing the Native South: American Indian Literature and the Lost Cause. by Mick Gidley; Zieger, Life and Labor in the New New South. by Erik S. Gellman; Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: …


The John's Committee: A Historiographic Essay, Judith G. Poucher May 2022

The John's Committee: A Historiographic Essay, Judith G. Poucher

Florida Historical Quarterly

As more Johns Committee sources become available in both traditional and online format, scholars can benefit rom an analysis of key primary and secondary sources on the Committee. This essay examines the evolution of Johns Committee historiography, originating with Steven F. Lawson and followed by the works of James Schnur, Stacy Braukman, Judith Poucher, and Karen L. Graves. The latter four authors are the only scholars who have written both book-length studies and articles solely on the Committee. The essay concludes with a review of recent developments inJohns Committee historiography.


Bootlegging Aliens: Unsanctioned Immigration And The Underground Economy Of Smuggling From Cuba During Prohibition, Lisa Lindquist Dorr May 2022

Bootlegging Aliens: Unsanctioned Immigration And The Underground Economy Of Smuggling From Cuba During Prohibition, Lisa Lindquist Dorr

Florida Historical Quarterly

Adolinae Marcinskas seems an unlikely candidate to be derided as an illegal immigrant. She had lived in New Jersey from 1907 to 1921, married there and had two children who were American citizens. But for some reason, her husband convinced her that life would be better back in their native Lithuania, and in 1921 he sent her and her children there, promising that he would soon follow. He never did, and in December 1922, she decided to return to the United States on her own, hoping to reunite with her husband. As a woman traveling alone, however, entering the United …


Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch May 2022

Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch

Florida Historical Quarterly

James William Allen's career as a Confederate soldier lasted only six months; he doubled over with a hernia and was discharged on the last day of 1861.2 His reaction to this medical condition is unknown since Allen left no letters,journal, or public pronouncement. Did he have dreams of military glory that were squashed by his rather inglorious medical condition? After all, Allen's unit, the St. Augustine Blues, had moved only 60 miles up the road to Fernandina.3 He had not left his home state nor, we assume, had he fired a weapon except to practice his marksmanship. However, judging by …


A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot Of 1920, Carlee Hoffmann May 2022

A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot Of 1920, Carlee Hoffmann

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the morning of November 2, 1920, Moses Norman went to the polls in his hometown of Ocoee, Florida, to cast his ballot. Norman was a prominent black man in the small community, owning property that included a productive citrus grove. When he tried to vote, the poll workers turned him away and told him to go home, claiming that he had not properly registered or paid his poll tax. Norman then drove the thirteen miles to Orlando, where he met with John M. Cheney, a prominent Orlando lawyer, Republican candidate for the United States Senate, and trustee of Rollins …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 93, Number 1. Includes the Table of Contents


Florida History In Publications, 2013, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Florida History In Publications, 2013, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Cumulative Index, Volume 92, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Cumulative Index, Volume 92, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Society 2014 Award Recipients; Dorothy Dodd Lifetime Achievement Award; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Foster, Climate and Culture Change in North America AD 900-1600. by David McCally; Din, War on the Gulf Coast: The Spanish Fight against William Augustus Bowles. by Kristofer Ray; Millett, The Maroons of Prospect Bluff and Their Quest for Freedom in the Atlantic World. by Jeffrey L. Fortney; Lawson, Jim Crow's Counterculture: The Blues and Black Southerners, 1890-1945. by Court Carney; Reid and Bennett, eds., Beyond Forty Acres and a Mule: African American Landowning Families since Reconstruction. by Dolita D. Cathcart; Boyd, Georgia Democrats, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Shaping of the New South. by Sarah H. Brown; De …


Nature On A Leash: Tourism, Development, And The Environment On Amelia Island, Florida, Patrick H. Cosby May 2022

Nature On A Leash: Tourism, Development, And The Environment On Amelia Island, Florida, Patrick H. Cosby

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the 2002 film, Sunshine State, writer and director John Sayles fictionalizes the recent history of Amelia Island, Florida. Sayles tells the tale of how unscrupulous developers attempted to acquire the most valuable beachfront properties from local African-American residents to build condominiums and golf courses, transforming Florida's weather and environment into a commodity to be sold to northern retirees and vacationers. Like the developers in Sunshine State, the Amelia Island Plantation sold dreams of "nature on a leash."1 Beginning in the early 1970s, the Amelia Island Plantation and its planners imposed a meticulously crafted, and prohibitively exclusive, version of living …


Race, Education, And Regionalism: The Long And Troubling History Of School Desegregation In The Sunshine State, Irvin D. S. Winsboro May 2022

Race, Education, And Regionalism: The Long And Troubling History Of School Desegregation In The Sunshine State, Irvin D. S. Winsboro

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1845, as Florida joined the Union, the state legislature promulgated a law which stated that any "assemblies ... by free negroes and mulattoes, slave or slaves, shall be punished ... with a fine not exceeding twenty dollars, or stripes, not exceeding thirty-nine." This measure, along with extensive and punitive slave codes, virtually eliminated opportunities to establish African American schools in the newest slaveholding state. Florida, true to the code of the white South, wanted to eliminate opportunities for slaves and free blacks to congregate and to pursue education for their children. Although based on the pervasive racial norms of …


The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton May 2022

The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in the spring of 1656, the principle cacique of Timucua, Lucas Menendez, led a group of twenty Indians on an attack of the La Chua cattle ranch of north Florida.1 The raiding Indians murdered a Spanish soldier and two African slaves in addition to slaughtering all the cattle. Lucas Menendez spared the surprised ranch owner, Juan Menendez Marquez, but ordered him to abandon the ranch and leave Florida for Spain.2 These events, together with four other murders in the Western Timucua mission province, are known as the Timucuan rebellion.


An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin May 2022

An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin

Florida Historical Quarterly

In June 1850, several months before the United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, a runaway slave from Pensacola, Florida, became embroiled in the growing sectional conflict. The bondsman's name was Adam, and he was a twenty-one year old blacksmith at the Pensacola Navy Yard who snuck aboard the brig Mary Farrow just prior to its departure for New England. When the ship's captain discovered the stowaway in the ship's hold three days after embarking, he ordered a keelhauling, an archaic punishment whereby victims were thrown overboard and dragged by a rope underneath the boat's keel; the crew refused …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 92, Number 4. Includes the Table of Contents


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Memorium: Patrick Smith (1927-2014); Annual Meeting and Symposium of the Florida Historical Society; The FLorida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Jennings, New Worlds of Violence: Cultures and Conquests in the Early American Southeast. by David A. Nichols; Frank and Kilbride, eds, Southern Character: Essays in Honor of Bertram Wyatt-Broum. by Adam Tate; Carey, Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia. by Lauren K. Thompson; Bush, I Fear I Shall Never Leave This Island: Life in a Civil War Prison. by Steven J. Ramold; Barnes, ed., The Materiality of Freedom: Archaeologies of Postemanicipation Life. by Stacy Pratt McDermott; Way, Conerving Southern Longleaf: Herbert Stoddard and the Rise of Ecological Land Management. by Tom Okie; …


Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan May 2022

Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

The status of indigenous chiefs in the Americas was acknowledged by Spaniards in 1492.1 This resulted in a hierarchical social order of republics, including "a Republic of Spaniards, a Republic of Indians, and a "third order" of free blacks and mixed bloods ... presumed to have an African taint."2 During the seventeenth century, this framework became an important element in structuring the Indies and other colonies such as La Florida.3 In exchange for allegiance and tribute obligations, chiefs received special privileges, immunities, honorific titles, and material gifts that reinforced their status. However, the recognition of native nobility and indigenous political …