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Articles 571 - 600 of 1012
Full-Text Articles in History
Arkansas And The Death Penalty: Responses To Governor Winthrop Rockefeller's Commutations Of Fifteen Death Sentences In 1970, Andrea Lynn Ringer
Arkansas And The Death Penalty: Responses To Governor Winthrop Rockefeller's Commutations Of Fifteen Death Sentences In 1970, Andrea Lynn Ringer
Theses and Dissertations
As his final act as governor, Winthrop Rockefeller commuted the sentences of all death row inmates in Arkansas in 1970. This action spurred hundreds of letters from around the world. More than three hundred letters, which represented the vast majority of responses, were positive and congratulatory. However, Rockefeller received nearly one hundred uncomplimentary letters as a result of this action. The letters offered insight to various movements and events as many people connected the commutations to developments throughout the world. The letters fell into the following categories: political responses, religious responses, racial responses, social responses, victim-based responses, and responses to …
Innovation In Tradition: Gregory The Great's Use Of Classical And Patristic Thought In His Commentary On The Song Of Songs, Caleb N. Zuiderveen
Innovation In Tradition: Gregory The Great's Use Of Classical And Patristic Thought In His Commentary On The Song Of Songs, Caleb N. Zuiderveen
Theses and Dissertations
To follow the example of Jesus and to draw closer to God in a meaningful relationship was the ultimate goal of the monastics. Starting with St. Anthony and spread by St. Athanasius in the fourth century CE, Egyptian monasticism was established in the deserts of North Africa. Around the fifth century, these monastic ideas disseminated within the western monastic world. John Cassian had brought the ideas of the east to Gaul, establishing a monastery, while Jerome translated the works of these desert monastics into Latin.1 These monks employed eastern monastic theology in order to help interpret the Bible, especially …
Southern Fiction: Southern Small-Town Culture And Its Landmarks, Candice W.N. Lawrence
Southern Fiction: Southern Small-Town Culture And Its Landmarks, Candice W.N. Lawrence
Theses and Dissertations
Southern small-town culture is marked by a close-knit community's strict societal expectations and hierarchy, the undeniable familiarity of all the residents and their business in a particular small town such as Bloomingdale, Georgia; and a resistance or inability to be affected by time. The second element—familiarity—functions not always as a means of nosiness but as a direct result of the unavoidable interconnectivity that is formed by generations of neighbors and relatives growing up together and never leaving their hometown. A final characteristic of the small-town culture is the significance of landmarks—both in a geographical and manmade sense. These elements and …
The Indian Removal Debate And The Rise Of Partisan Identity In The Age Of Jackson, Benjamin Greene
The Indian Removal Debate And The Rise Of Partisan Identity In The Age Of Jackson, Benjamin Greene
Theses and Dissertations
The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828 coincided with the rise of the nation's "second party system." The divide which emerged between Jacksonian Democrats and their opposition party, the Whigs, is generally accepted as marking the origin of an American political culture defined by a partisan divide. Political historians of the period have often focused on the key divisive issues: South Carolina's nullification agitation, the Bank Crisis, and working class identity politics have been most often featured in this scholarship. The Indian Removal Debate has generally been examined as ancillary to these partisan developments, an after-effect for …
The South Carolina Sanatorium: The Landscape Of Public Healthcare In The Segregated South, Amanda Noll
The South Carolina Sanatorium: The Landscape Of Public Healthcare In The Segregated South, Amanda Noll
Theses and Dissertations
This site-specific study examines the development of the South Carolina Sanatorium, which operated as a state-funded tuberculosis treatment center between 1915 and 1953. Using the South Carolina Sanatorium as a case study, this thesis draws upon the history of the Progressive Era, medicine, and architecture to analyze the influence of segregation on public healthcare in the South. By looking at the development of individual buildings and the site as whole, the built environment of the South Carolina Sanatorium is used as a framework to assess the effects of segregation on tuberculosis treatment in South Carolina.
The Evolution Of The Politics Of Genocide: Why American Efforts To Prevent And Intervene In The Sudan Failed, Shane Andrew Lesko
The Evolution Of The Politics Of Genocide: Why American Efforts To Prevent And Intervene In The Sudan Failed, Shane Andrew Lesko
Theses and Dissertations
DISS_para>This thesis aims to examine and critique the United States' historical response to genocide. Beginning with the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide in 1948, the author will highlight the lives of Raphael Lemkin and Senator William Proxmire in their personal crusades for U.S. ratification of the genocide ban. Culminating in a case study of the genocide in Sudan, the U.S. foreign policy towards genocide will be evaluated and charted through its evolution since 1948, through to ratification, and then at its applications in Cambodia, Iraq, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Sudan. The self-proclaimed …
"Heritage To Horizons": The History Of The 1977 International Women's Year Conference In South Carolina, Caitlin Marie Mans
"Heritage To Horizons": The History Of The 1977 International Women's Year Conference In South Carolina, Caitlin Marie Mans
Theses and Dissertations
In 1977, 800 South Carolinians came together in the state's capital of Columbia for a meeting called 'South Carolina Woman: Heritage to Horizons.' It was one of fifty-six state and territorial meetings held as part of the United States' celebration of International Women's Year (IWY.) These meetings culminated in the National Women's Conference held later that year in Houston, Texas. IWY was a federally-funded initiative to enable American women to discuss their concerns and make recommendations for national policy. It was an outgrowth of a United Nations program to advance the status of women worldwide by encouraging each nation to …
James Buchanan's Vision And The Making Of Walnut Grove Plantation, Caroline Vereen Sexton
James Buchanan's Vision And The Making Of Walnut Grove Plantation, Caroline Vereen Sexton
Theses and Dissertations
In 1961, Walnut Grove manor, an Upcountry South Carolina plantation house built around 1765, was donated to the Spartanburg County Historical Association (SCHA) for preservation and rehabilitation as a museum. James E. 'Buck' Buchanan worked as the plantation's director from 1961 until his death in 1974. Buchanan, with a background as an artist, curated Walnut Grove in a way that reflected his experience as a painter and store-front exhibit designer as well as his interest in the story of early Upcountry South Carolina settlers. Privileging the Upcountry narrative he wished to tell over authenticity, during his tenure as director Buchanan …
Writing Across Differences: Afro-Germans, Gender, And Diaspora, 1970s-1990s, Tiffany Nicole Florvil
Writing Across Differences: Afro-Germans, Gender, And Diaspora, 1970s-1990s, Tiffany Nicole Florvil
Theses and Dissertations
My dissertation, "Writing Across Differences: Afro-Germans, Gender, and Diaspora, 1970s-1990s," explores the birth of the Afro-German movement, including its two organizations: The Initiative of Black Germans (Initiative Schwarze Deutsche, ISD) and Afro-German Women (Afro-deutsche Frauen, ADEFRA) in West and then reunified Germany. In it, I uncover the efforts of Black Germans to organize a diasporic and literary movement to confront discriminatory discourses and practices that simultaneously ignored them and positioned them as "Others" in postwar German society. Through their diverse literature and coordinated events, Black Germans enacted membership in the African diaspora, articulating and claiming an identity that supported a …
"Without A Few Negroes": George Whitefield, James Habersham, And Bethesda Orphan House In The Story Of Legalizing Slavery In Colonial Georgia, Tara Leigh Babb
"Without A Few Negroes": George Whitefield, James Habersham, And Bethesda Orphan House In The Story Of Legalizing Slavery In Colonial Georgia, Tara Leigh Babb
Theses and Dissertations
A 1735 law banned slavery in the new English colony of Georgia. The colony's Trustees considered slavery to be incompatible with their aims of using the colony to provide a subsistence living for England's poor and to provide a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida. In the ensuing years, various parties linked the colony's failure to thrive (and their own failure to succeed within Georgia) to the lack of an enslaved labor force. By 1750, the Board of Trustees relented to pressure and enacted what they considered to be a humane slave code. Evangelist George Whitefield and teacher and …
For Their Mutual Benefit: Public Support And Private Development Of Historic Buildings In Columbia, South Carolina, Angi Fuller Wildt
For Their Mutual Benefit: Public Support And Private Development Of Historic Buildings In Columbia, South Carolina, Angi Fuller Wildt
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on successful rehabilitations of historic buildings in Columbia, South Carolina. All were undertaken between 1976 and 2013 by private developers in conjunction with public support. The cases presented are located in four downtown districts known as the Vista, the Main Street Corridor, the Granby and Olympia Mill Villages, and Innovista. The rehabilitations differed due to variables unique to their locations in each of these areas as well as conditions in the years that they took place. Public support included financial incentives and guidelines offered by federal, state, regional, and local governments and professional guidance provided by the …
Divine Discontent: Nathan Carter Newbold, White Liberals, Black Education, And The Making Of The Jim Crow South, Barry Malone
Divine Discontent: Nathan Carter Newbold, White Liberals, Black Education, And The Making Of The Jim Crow South, Barry Malone
Theses and Dissertations
In the first half of the twentieth century, a small but vocal group of white southerners believed it possible to protect the flanks of the South's caste system by dampening black impatience with Jim Crow. Nathan Carter Newbold, a white racial moderate and State Agent for Negro Education, became a leading voice for the 'equalization without social equality' movement. Newbold believed blacks accepted the separation of the races as natural and beneficial to both, but they also expected whites to deliver equality of opportunity. The failure to meet this responsibility led blacks to engage in political and judicial activism. This …
The Politics Of Homosexuality In The Twentieth Century Black Freedom Struggle, Glenda Elizabeth Sherouse
The Politics Of Homosexuality In The Twentieth Century Black Freedom Struggle, Glenda Elizabeth Sherouse
Theses and Dissertations
This project examines the changing status and role of queer African Americans during the twentieth century in the context of increasing black politicization. Moreover, it traces the relationship between queer African Americans and their communities until the emergence of queer black identity politics in the 1970s. Specifically, this dissertation seeks to more fully illuminate both the experiences of queer African Americans and how their communities and leaders discussed and dealt with homosexuality in the broader context of black political mobilization from the Jim Crow era and the Harlem Renaissance, through the Black Power and early Gay Liberation movements, roughly the …
Taking Oaths And Giving Thanks: Ritual And Religion In Revolutionary America, Tara E. Strauch
Taking Oaths And Giving Thanks: Ritual And Religion In Revolutionary America, Tara E. Strauch
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines the early modern ritual traditions of oaths, thanksgivings, and fast days in Revolutionary America and argues that American politicians and citizens negotiated the meanings of these rituals for American citizenship throughout the Revolutionary era. Oaths of office and allegiance, thanksgivings and fast days were tools for creating a united nation, but they also posed significant challenges because of the religious and political associations inherent in such rituals. These rituals came out of early modern Europe's religious and political culture which was useful for establishing America as a legitimate European nation. As colonials on the edge of the …
Into A Wild New Yonder: The United States Air Force And The Origins Of Its Information Age, Robert Howard Lass
Into A Wild New Yonder: The United States Air Force And The Origins Of Its Information Age, Robert Howard Lass
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force is an organization operationally focused on gathering, processing, and utilizing vast quantities of information, so much so that it added "cyberspace" to its core missions of air and space in 2005. Service leaders have argued that a USAF information revolution - its entrance into the "Information Age" - began as early as the first computers in the 1940s or as late as the proliferation of networks in the 1990s. Upon close inspection, however, it becomes clear that such assertions overlook decades of information operations and management, and overemphasize the concept of a single information age. …
Building Morale In A Soldier Town: Home Front Women And The Gi In Columbia, South Carolina, 1941-1945, Jessica Kathleen Childress
Building Morale In A Soldier Town: Home Front Women And The Gi In Columbia, South Carolina, 1941-1945, Jessica Kathleen Childress
Theses and Dissertations
As the United States mobilized for war in 1941, cities and towns across America, especially those closest to military bases, were faced with an unprecedented influx of soldiers, airmen, and sailors. To cope with these waves of servicemen in their off-duty hours, particularly to provide for wholesome entertainment and lessen the emotional weight of wartime, Columbia, South Carolina solicited participation in morale-building programs from its residents. Community leaders recognized their responsibility for funding programs and providing buildings to meet the soldiers' recreational needs, but they relied on women's organizations and female students to build morale through meaningful social interactions with …
An Institutional History Of The Higgins Armory Museum And Its Relationship With Worcester, Massachusetts, Kary Ashley Pardy
An Institutional History Of The Higgins Armory Museum And Its Relationship With Worcester, Massachusetts, Kary Ashley Pardy
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the institutional history of the Higgins Armory Museum through its connection with the industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts. It documents the museum's beginning as a commercial museum connected with the Worcester Pressed Steel Company and analyzes both Worcester and the Armory's survival methods when their affiliated industries folded under economic pressures following World War II. The thesis follows the Higgins' attempted transformation to a nationally-recognized museum of arms and armor, and concludes with the Armory's identity struggles and eventual merger with the Worcester Art Museum.
Interpreting The War Anew: An Appraisal Of Richmond’S Civil War Centennial Commemoration, Brandon Butterworth
Interpreting The War Anew: An Appraisal Of Richmond’S Civil War Centennial Commemoration, Brandon Butterworth
Theses and Dissertations
In existence from 1959 to 1965, the Richmond Civil War Centennial Committee was formed for the purpose of planning and executing Richmond’s Civil War centennial commemoration. In this thesis, the author will examine the history of the Richmond Civil War Centennial Committee (RCWCC) and its efforts to develop a new historical narrative of Richmond and the Civil War. This paper will assess Richmond’s previous attempts to commemorate the Civil War and will argue that the RCWCC contributed to the advancement of Richmond’s Civil War narrative by de-emphasizing past Confederate celebration attempts led by heritage groups and advancing a “reconciliation” narrative. …
Uwspółcześnienie: The Contemporization Of Polish Education, Politics, And Society In The Enlightenment Period, Holly Dzwilefsky
Uwspółcześnienie: The Contemporization Of Polish Education, Politics, And Society In The Enlightenment Period, Holly Dzwilefsky
Theses and Dissertations
UWSPÓŁCZEŚNIENIE: THE CONTEMPORIZATION OF POLISH EDUCATION, POLITICS, AND SOCIETY IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD examines the contemporization of educational, governmental, and societal structures that occurred in eighteenth-century Poland. Italian educational models and English governmental models influenced the development of Poland’s structures since the fourteenth century. The introduction and pervasiveness of Sarmatism in szlachta culture during the fifteenth century created the foundation for the szlachta democracy. Continued interference from neighboring rulers coupled with the erosion of educational standards inside Poland contributed to the szlachta’s susceptibility to corruption, which resulted in non-functioning government. Following the Partition of 1772, the Poles employed the assistance …
White, Black, And Blue: The Battle Over Black Police, Professionalization, And Police Brutality In Birmingham, Alabama, 1963-1979, Bryan Kessler
White, Black, And Blue: The Battle Over Black Police, Professionalization, And Police Brutality In Birmingham, Alabama, 1963-1979, Bryan Kessler
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the municipal politics and race relations in Birmingham, Alabama, from October 1963 to November 1979. While Birmingham is a centerpiece of the traditional Civil Rights Movement for its staging of the Bull Connor and Martin Luther King, Jr., confrontation in 1963, there has been little examination of the continuing struggles between the black and white communities in the years after the media spotlight. Of particular concern are the battles between the black community, white power structure, and the city’s police department over black policemen, professionalization and modernization, and police brutality. The changing role and tactics of black …
Jewish Ethnic Identity And The Dissolution Of The Black-Jewish Alliance, Nathan G. Caplin
Jewish Ethnic Identity And The Dissolution Of The Black-Jewish Alliance, Nathan G. Caplin
Theses and Dissertations
Since the early 20th century, Jews promoted civil rights for Black Americans in law, society, and employment. The Jewish hand of friendship developed into a natural alliance of African-American and Jewish leaders committed to racial equality that blossomed in the 1950s and 1960s and culminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Despite their long term mutual efforts towards racial equality, the Black-Jewish Alliance faltered after Jews and Blacks cooperated to achieve these victories, and their alliance lay in ruins by the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Black-Jewish Alliance began to wane as …
The Road Beyond Suffrage: Female Activism In Richmond, Virginia, Denise Gammon
The Road Beyond Suffrage: Female Activism In Richmond, Virginia, Denise Gammon
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on the continued activism in the YWCA, the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters after 1920. The work examines the uses of motherhood, social religion, race and traditions as tools for activism and compares the YWCA to the Equal Suffrage League and League of Women Voters after 1920. The date range is roughly from 1915 to 1925.
“The Nonmusical Message Will Endure With It:” The Changing Reputation And Legacy Of John Powell (1882-1963), Karen Adam
“The Nonmusical Message Will Endure With It:” The Changing Reputation And Legacy Of John Powell (1882-1963), Karen Adam
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the changing reputation and legacy of John Powell (1882-1963). Powell was a Virginian-born pianist, composer, and ardent Anglo-Saxon supremacist who created musical propaganda to support racial purity and to define the United States as an exclusively Anglo-Saxon nation. Although he once enjoyed international fame, he has largely disappeared from the public consciousness today. In contrast, the legacies of many of Powell’s musical contemporaries, such as Charles Ives and George Gershwin, have remained vigorous. By examining the ways in which the public has perceived and portrayed Powell both during and after his lifetime, this thesis links Powell’s obscurity …
La Grande Arche Des Fugitifs?,/I> Huguenots In The Dutch Republic After 1685, Michael Joseph Walker
La Grande Arche Des Fugitifs?,/I> Huguenots In The Dutch Republic After 1685, Michael Joseph Walker
Theses and Dissertations
In the seventeenth century, many refugees saw the United Provinces of the Netherlands as a promised land—a gathering ark, or in French, arche. In fact, Pierre Bayle called it, "la grande arche des fugitifs." This thesis shows the reception of one particular group of Protestant refugees, the Huguenots, who migrated to the Netherlands because of Catholic confessionalization in France, especially after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The thesis offers two case studies—one of the acceptance of Huguenot clergymen and one of the mixed reception of refugee radical and philosopher Pierre Bayle—in order to add nuance …
From Desegregation To Desexigration In Richmond, Virginia, 1954-1973, Leslee Key
From Desegregation To Desexigration In Richmond, Virginia, 1954-1973, Leslee Key
Theses and Dissertations
This investigation explores the relationships and experiences in the urban community that connected black and white women to understand the complexities of Jim Crow, its breakdown, and the subsequent expansion of female activism in Richmond, Virginia. By examining the South’s famous department stores, Thalhimers and Miller & Rhoads, this research attempts to focus on female-created and female-oriented spaces within downtown Richmond, from 1954 until 1973, and draws a line from the Thalhimer boycott staged by African-American women in 1961 to the sit-in performed by white women in the Thalhimers male-only soup bar in 1970. Historical context is developed to show …
Videotaping Oral Histories: Representing Individuals And Institutions, Tim Bland Muren
Videotaping Oral Histories: Representing Individuals And Institutions, Tim Bland Muren
Theses and Dissertations
Oral history interviews have traditionally been captured on audio-tape, but with emerging technologies, some oral historians are using videotape to capture interviews. Since the beginnings of oral history as an academic tool, oral historians have successfully argued the merits of oral history as a viable academic source for researchers. Some academic historians are now arguing for the use of video as a tool for oral history interviews, though the video medium has both positive and negative attributes. Capturing oral history video requires guidelines such as keeping the camera steady and a very minimal amount of editing. Editing can be used …
Mary Wingfield Scott: A Rebel With A Rubble Cause, Kay Peninger
Mary Wingfield Scott: A Rebel With A Rubble Cause, Kay Peninger
Theses and Dissertations
Mary Wingfield Scott (1895-1983) was a leading figure in the historic preservation movement in Richmond, Virginia. Scott demonstrated a preservation philosophy that transitioned from the sentimental, patriotic focus of early preservation efforts to a modern, academic approach that valued the built environment for its relationship to the city and its history. Scott educated persons on the value of preserving houses that were architecturally significant or connected to the city’s heritage. She documented the antebellum housing of Richmond in two books, founded the William Byrd Branch of the APVA, conducted walking tours throughout the city, wrote a newsletter for the William …
The Reconstruction Of Historical Buildings: A Visitor And Historical Site Study, Alyssa Holland
The Reconstruction Of Historical Buildings: A Visitor And Historical Site Study, Alyssa Holland
Theses and Dissertations
The reconstruction of historical buildings has been debated by preservationists, archeologists and historians, both with each other and within their own fields. But no matter how intensely scholars discuss and disagree on the subject, professionals at historic sites still continue to reconstruct historical buildings. The questions surrounding historical reconstruction include: is it ethical to reconstruct historical buildings? Is it worthwhile to reconstruct historical buildings for the benefit of the general public? I surveyed historical site workers from across the country and visitors from Red Hill National Memorial, the last home of Patrick Henry. From the survey, visitors seem to remember …
Privies, Politics, And Public Schools: Public Health And Education Reform In Arkansas, 1908-1917, Myra Suzanne Easley
Privies, Politics, And Public Schools: Public Health And Education Reform In Arkansas, 1908-1917, Myra Suzanne Easley
Theses and Dissertations
From 1908 until 1914, Arkansas education administrators, public health officials, and women's associations participated in Southern campaigns for hookworm eradication and the improvement of public school systems. This thesis examines the activities of these three groups in relation to school sanitation and health education as well as the results of their cooperative efforts. Local school improvement associations and the Arkansas Federation of Women's Clubs publicized the poor conditions of Arkansas schools, solicited community participation, and achieved tangible improvements in the sanitation and appearance of individual school environments. State education and public health officials used these volunteer organizations to distribute disease …
Unfamiliar Streets: The Chattanooga Sit-Ins, The Local Press, And The Concern For Civilities, Jessie Harris
Unfamiliar Streets: The Chattanooga Sit-Ins, The Local Press, And The Concern For Civilities, Jessie Harris
Theses and Dissertations
Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff in their breakthrough work, The Race Beat, contended that mainstream newspapers—white newspapers—largely ignored the black community until the 1950s and 1960s when editors gradually began opening their pages to reports of racial discrimination and the emerging protest against segregation. This coverage significantly shaped the civil rights movement, Roberts and Klibanoff argued. “Unfamiliar Streets” offers nuance to their narrative. Examining the local coverage of the 1960 Chattanooga sit-in movement as a case study, Jessie Harris contends that reporters and editors, although they should be credited for extensively covering the sit-ins, ultimately cared more for civilities than …