History Commons^™

The New Soviet History, Daniel T. Orlovsky

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Twice Condemned: Slaves And The Criminal Laws Of Virginia, 1705-1865 (Book Review), Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book, Twice Condemned: Slaves and the Criminal Laws of Virginia, 1705-1865, by Philip J. Schwarz. Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1988.

Review Of The Iww And The Paterson-Silk-Strike Of 1913, By A.H. Tripp, David J. Goldberg

History Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Commentary: Honor And Martialism In The U.S. South And Prussian East Elbia During The Mid-Nineteenth Century, Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

A commentary of Shearer Davis Bowman's essay on Honor and Martialism in the U.S. and Prussian East Elbia during the Mid-Nineteenth Century.

"Without a second and unarmed, I have no inclination to offer a fundamental challenge to Professor Bowman's argument or his character. In fact, he has served us well by focusing on honor, martialism, and dueling as indices of comparison between the antebellum planters and the pre-1848 Junkers. I would like to build on the wealth of detail he has provided to help clarify the larger comparison between the South and Prussia."

Following In His Steps: A Biography Of Charles M. Sheldon By Timothy Miller (Review), Jacob Dorn

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book Following In His Steps: A Biography of Charles M. Sheldon by Timothy Miller.

Review Of Cavalier In Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer And The Western Military Frontier, Michael L. Tate

History Faculty Publications

More than a century has elapsed since George Armstrong Custer led his command into a military disaster on the hills above the Little Big Horn River. Yet public fascination with this man and his immortalized "Last Stand" has never waned as each new generation hungers for definitive explanations of his enigmatic life.

Professionalization In Comparative Perspective: Germany, Mcclelland

History Faculty Publications

critical social-history consciousness has abandoned to some degree the old notion that modern "professions" in the Anglo-Saxon sense could not "really" exist in Central Europe because of the heavy and early bureaucratization and/or the persistence of "feudal" or at least Stand (etat) traditions. Instead, most accept the notion of a process of dialogue between independent professions and bureaucratic authority.

"Men And Measures": The Creation Of The Second Party System In New Jersey, Michael J. Birkner, Herbert Ershkowitz

History Faculty Publications

During the Jacksonian Era, politicians frequently framed election contests as choices between "men and measures." On one side, the argument ran, were politicians who cared only for the spoils of office. On the other, one found those who cared about "real" issues that mattered to voters. Voters, in this context, had a simple choice to make. [excerpt]

The Heart Of American History (Book Review), Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book, The Heart of American History by James McPherson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989.

The era of the Civil War and Reconstruction remains the crucible of American history, the trial that decisively defined this country and its self-perceived mission. The American people seem to recognize that fact, for no era in our history attracts the general reading public as does that between 1861 and 1877.

(Review) Meccan Trade And The Rise Of Islam, Frederick S. Paxton

History Faculty Publications

Review of Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam. By Patricia Crone. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987. viii, 300 pp. $32.50.

Honor, Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

Southerners of the antebellum era made it clear that they subscribed to an ethic of honor, but they never specified exactly what honor meant. In large part, this was because the meaning of honor depended on its immediate context, on who claimed and who acknowledged it.

Review Of Sentinel Of The Southern Plains: Fort Richardson And The Northwest Texas Frontier, 1866-1878, Michael L. Tate

History Faculty Publications

Slightly more than a century ago the dreaded "Comanche Moon" of each month virtually assured devastating Indian raids upon the isolated ranches of Texas' northwestern frontier. No issue raised more ire in the state legislature or produced more animosity between state and federal officials than did this. To protect these exposed settlements, the War Department established a thin line of military posts from the Red River to the Rio Grande. Anchoring the northern zone was Fort Richardson, established in 1866 with a garrison to patrol the upper Brazos River country and to turn back raiding parties of Comanches and Kiowas …

Industry, State, And Electrical Technology In The Ruhr Circa 1900, Edmund Todd

History Faculty Publications

Constructing electric power and light systems early in the twentieth century challenged existing institutional boundaries. Large-scale technological systems had a wide variety of internal components, the development of which provided new opportunities to serve more customers and wider areas. Such was the case with electricity. Deployment of electric power systems required renegotiation of institutional boundaries, as leaders of various organized bodies used new technology to promote their own interests… Around 1900 there were at least four different kinds of institutions that competed to build regional power systems in Germany: electrical manufacturers, municipal governments, county administrations, and heavy industrialists… The Ruhr …

Prisons, Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

American penitentiaries developed in two distinct phases, and southern states participated in both. Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, and Georgia built prisons before 1820, and between 1829 and 1842 new or newly reorganized institutions were established in Maryland, Tennessee, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, and Alabama. Only the Carolinas and Florida resisted the penitentiary before the Civil War.

Without Help Or Hindrance: Religious Identity In American Culture By Eldon G. Ernst (Review), Jacob Dorn

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book Without Help or Hindrance: Religious Identity in American Culture by Eldon G. Ernst.

Byzantium: Tribute To Andreas N. Stratos, 1: History - Art And Archaeology; 2: Theology And Philology (Review), Martin Arbagi

History Faculty Publications

Review of the book Byzantium: Tribute to Andreas N. Stratos, 1: History - Art And Archaeology; 2: Theology and Philology (edited by Nia A. Stratos).

Justus Von Liebig, John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

Liebig was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. In addition to pioneering experimental research that transformed the basis of modern organic chemistry, his studies on agriculture led to the development of agricultural chemistry, and his systematic processes for training students became institutionalized within the German research university.

Friedrich Wöhler, John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea in 1828 and thus first demonstrated that organic materials, heretofore believed to possess a vital force, need not be made exclusively within living organisms. He also isolated aluminum metal in 1827 and discovered the elements beryllium and yttrium.

Review: 'Alexander Von Humboldt Und Die Pharmazie', John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, when generalists rather than specialists and individuals rather than organizations dominated the course of scientific development, German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) stood out as a leading figure in such diverse yet interrelated fields as geography, geology, botany, medicine, and pharmacy. And despite the massive body of historical writings on Humboldt, little is known concerning his contributions to pharmacy and his relationship to the discipline's practitioners. Wolfgang-Hagen Hein ably fills this void in scholarship with his well-researched Alexander von Humboldt und die Pharmazie. The significance of this topic to the history of …

Presidential Politics And The Press, Michael J. Birkner

History Faculty Publications

As the Tet offensive wound down early in March 1968 with staggering losses dealt the North Vietnamese invaders, President Lyndon B. Johnson flicked on one of his White House television sets and heard CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite declare the Vietnam war to be "mired in stalemate." Johnson reportedly turned, visibly shaken, to an aide and said, "It's all over." By month's end, LBJ announced his decision not to seek reelection, in order, he said, to devote his energies to negotiating peace in Vietnam.

No single vignette more graphically symbolizes the power of the press-or at least that of its most …

Tennessee John Stoltzfus: Amish Church-Related Documents And Family Letters (Book Review), Charles T. Eby

History Faculty Publications

Book review by Charles T. Eby.

Tennessee John Stoltzfus: Amish Church-Related Documents and Family Letters. Edited and annotated by Paton Yoder. Translated by Noah G. Good. Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, 1987.

Riley’S Empire: Northwestern Bible School And Fundamentalism In The Upper Midwest, William Vance Trollinger

History Faculty Publications

In the 1920s a loosely-united band of militant conservatives launched a crusade to capture control of the major Protestant denominations. These fundamentalists staunchly affirmed the supernaturalness and literal accuracy of the Bible, the supernatural character of Christ, and the necessity of Christians to separate themselves from the world.

Most often Baptists and Presbyterians, they struggled to re-establish their denominations as true and pure churches: true to the historic doctrines of the faith as they perceived them, and pure from what they saw as the polluting influences of an increasingly corrupt modern culture. But by the late 1920s the fundamentalists had …

Rethinking The Farm Revolt Of The 1930s, Willam C. Pratt

History Faculty Publications

The northern Plains witnessed the last great farm revolt in its history during the 1930s, when a flood of protest spilled across the region, fed by the springs of hard times and earlier insurgencies. The countryside, for one last moment, forced itself upon the rest of the country and demanded attention for its plight. After a period of high visibility, these efforts receded in the wake of New Deal programs that seemingly undercut the rural revolt. Many of the protesters arrived at an accommodation with the new regime, accepting "half-aloof now" in terms of wheat allotment checks and refinanced mortgages …

Review: 'Rohm And Haas: History Of A Chemical Company', John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

A company history like Sheldon Hochheiser's Rohm and Haas -- written by an employee of the firm for the express purpose of celebrating the organization's 75th anniversary -- is almost invariably viewed with suspicion by the scholarly community. How can a study possess integrity if management has the last word on publication? Is this book nothing more than vanity press disguised beneath a university press book jacket?

Rest assured that in the case of Rohm and Haas these frequently invoked criticisms have no real merit. The author has produced a most remarkable study, for which both Hochheiser and the company …

The Defining Moment: The 1980 Nashua Debate, Michael J. Birkner

History Faculty Publications

For George H. W. Bush and Ronald Reagan, the debate in Nashua, New Hampshire marked a crossroads in their respective bids for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination. A month earlier, Bush had emerged from a seven-man field by upsetting Reagan in the Iowa caucuses. Reagan had run a relaxed and aloof campaign in Iowa. At the behest of Campaign Manager John Sears and most senor staff, Reagan had refused even to participate in a candidates' debate on grounds that debates were bad for party unity. Iowa voters responded by giving Bush a small plurality in their caucuses on January 21. …

Everyman As Master (Book Review), Edward L. Ayers

History Faculty Publications

Ayers, Edward L. Review of Tombee: Portrait of a Cotton Planter, by Theodore Rosengarten. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press,1987.

(Review) De Sancti Hugonis Actis Liturgicis, Frederick S. Paxton

History Faculty Publications

Reviews the following book: Mons. Mario Bocci, ed., De sancti Hugonis actis liturgicis. (Documenti della Chiesa Volterrana, 1.) Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1984. Paper. Pp. 345; 2 plates. L 48,000.

The Modernization Of The Louisiana Sugar Industry, 1830-1910, John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

This volume relays the history and modernization of the sugar industry in the U.S. state of Louisiana from 1830 to 1910.

Review: 'Essays On The History Of Organic Chemistry In The United States, 1875-1955', John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

While scholars perhaps will never agree on what makes our modern civilization different from those that preceded it, it is most certain that the rise of organic chemistry and the new synthetic world that was created by this discipline was integral to this transformation. Organic chemists, working within the theoretical framework of structural and physical concepts, have provided mankind with a dazzling array of products. These new substances and materials have formed the basis of chemical and pharmaceutical industries that not only improved the quality of life but also contributed to the unprecedented prosperity of our present-day world.

A New Science, And A New Profession: Sugar Chemistry In Louisiana, 1885-1895, John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

Between 1885 and 1895 the Louisiana sugar industry experienced a scientific and technological revolution in methods, process apparatus, and scale of operations. The animal-powered mills and open kettles characteristic of the antebellum period were supplanted by large, technically designed, and scientifically controlled central factories . In 1880 there were approximately 1,000 sugar houses in Louisiana with an average annual production of 110 long tons of sugar per house. By 1900 fewer than 300 factories constituted the state's sugar industry, but yearly production averaged over 980 long tons for each sugar house. One commentator of the period, Mark Twain, described a …