Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Oral History (1758)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (1468)
- Labor History (113)
- Social History (37)
- Cultural History (25)
-
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (18)
- Military History (17)
- African American Studies (14)
- Sports Studies (13)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (11)
- Political History (6)
- Aviation (3)
- Engineering (3)
- Business (2)
- History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (2)
- Architecture (1)
- Art Practice (1)
- Community Health (1)
- Construction Engineering (1)
- Creative Writing (1)
- Diplomatic History (1)
- Education (1)
- Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations (1)
- European History (1)
- Jewish Studies (1)
- Latin American History (1)
- Mental and Social Health (1)
- Other History (1)
- Keyword
-
- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History—interviews. (873)
- Oral History (587)
- Bracero (559)
- Labor History (556)
- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History--interviews (556)
-
- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History—interviews (141)
- Mexico-Revolution (96)
- University of Texas at El Paso (78)
- University of Texas at El Paso--History (68)
- Institute of Oral History—interviews. (63)
- Border-Union Strikes (60)
- Illegal Aliens-In United States (60)
- World War II (52)
- Institute of Oral History interviews (50)
- The Depression (46)
- Discrimination (45)
- Prohibition (44)
- El Paso-History (43)
- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History--interviews. (40)
- Farah Strike (37)
- Hispanic Entrepreneurs Oral History Project (36)
- Mining-Mexico (34)
- Unions (33)
- ASARCO (30)
- History (28)
- Mexican-American--Relations with Anglos (27)
- Paso del Norte Entrepreneurs Oral History Project (25)
- Chicano-The Word (24)
- Chicano-Movement (23)
- El Paso-Medical Community (22)
- Publication Year
Articles 451 - 480 of 1759
Full-Text Articles in History
Interview No. 1232, Mateo Murillo Lamas
Interview No. 1232, Mateo Murillo Lamas
Combined Interviews
Mr. Murillo vividly recalls being in México, Distrito Federal, in 1942, when he was taken at gunpoint by Mexican officials and loaded into a train; there were roughly one thousand men aboard, and by the time they reached California, there were only two hundred men, at most, because so many had jumped off the train; as he was about to be transported to his worksite, American officials asked if he would be willing to take arms and help the United States should the need arise; he agreed and signed a paper that put him on a reserve list, but he …
Interview No. 1189, Ramon Flores Gonzales
Interview No. 1189, Ramon Flores Gonzales
Combined Interviews
Mr. Flores Gonzales remembers growing up in Juquillo, Jalisco, México, and having to work from the age of five; he recalls hearing about the bracero program from his brother who worked in Blythe, California; in 1956, he joined the bracero program and worked in California until 1960 picking carrots, cotton, and watermelon; he relates what it was like to be contracted in Empalme, Sonora, México, the process they went through, the papers he needed, and the brief medical exams they received; furthermore, he describes his bus ride to Mexicali, Baja California, México, and how the contracts were created in El …
Interview No. 1195, Rodolfo J. López
Interview No. 1195, Rodolfo J. López
Combined Interviews
Mr. López remembers his childhood growing up in Angamacutiro, Michoacán, México; he completed five years of formal schooling, and worked in agriculture at an early age; furthermore, after completing his military service, he joined the bracero program in 1957; he worked in California picking cotton and driving tractors; he describes the contracting process in Empalme, Sonora, México, the trip to the border he endured in a freight train, and the fumigation and medical exams he went through at El Centro, California, México; moreover, he recounts the names of different farms in Blythe, California, as well as how his life there …
Interview No. 1194, Asterio L. León
Interview No. 1194, Asterio L. León
Combined Interviews
Mr. León remembers growing up in Palmar de Sepúlvedas, Sinaloa, México; he discusses how he started working in agriculture at an early age, and how he was able to get formal school until the third grade; furthermore, he recalls how he heard about the bracero program, how he got his first contract after being an undocumented worker in Blythe, California, and how his boss there helped him acquire the contract; he explains how contracting occurred in Empalme, Sonora, México, how potential braceros waited sometimes for months to get contracted, and how he paid coyotes to get on the list for …
Interview No. 1188, Cirilo Diaz
Interview No. 1188, Cirilo Diaz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Diaz remembers his childhood and cutting radishes and cilantro; he joined the bracero program in 1953, and from 1956 to 1960; he worked in Arizona picking cotton, lettuce, and watermelon; during 1953, he joined a group of braceros that held a strike due to bad food; he describes how the Mexican consulate representative sided with the farmer and how the group was moved to a different field and sent to México; in 1956, he was contracted in Empalme, Sonora, México; he expresses the conditions men suffered while waiting for contracts, how they were contracted, and their trip to the …
Interview No. 1192, Fernando Games García
Interview No. 1192, Fernando Games García
Combined Interviews
Mr. Games García remembers growing up in Hierbabuena, Michoacán, México, and going to school up to the fifth grade; he states that his father joined the bracero program in 1943, and worked as a bracero on and off until 1964; furthermore, he recounts his father’s memories of the process of becoming a bracero, his contracting, the treatment they received while crossing into the United States, how braceros were fumigated, and the treatment they received from foremen; he describes what life was like while his father was gone, the hardships his mother went through, and how he missed and worried for …
Interview No. 1186, Raul Cardenas M.
Interview No. 1186, Raul Cardenas M.
Combined Interviews
Mr. Cardenas briefly recalls his childhood and having to move to México City, México, to start working; when he was seventeen years of age he heard about a call for braceros; he decided to leave his job for the chance to work in the United States; he traveled to the processing center in Calexico, México; he details the harsh conditions he and other men endured while waiting there; in addition, he talks about how painful the physical exams were and how rudely they were conducted; his first contract took him to work in the tomato fields of Yolo, California; he …
Interview No. 1187, Luis C. Marín
Interview No. 1187, Luis C. Marín
Combined Interviews
Mr. Marín states that he was contracted in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, and he entered the United States through El Paso, Texas: he recalls the process he went through in El Paso, and how he was medically examined; additionally, he remembers that most braceros did not want to work in Texas due to the harsh treatment they received; he describes being at Rio Vista processing center; moreover, he recounts that he worked as a bracero until 1955 with only one farmer in New Mexico; he relates what his family life was like as a bracero, and how his children were born …
Interview No. 1190, Felipe Flores
Interview No. 1190, Felipe Flores
Combined Interviews
Mr. Flores remembers his childhood in Guanajuato, México, and his home life; he recounts that his father was a bracero before he was born, and that he only saw him about once a year; schooled up to sixth grade in México, he completed a college degree in the United States; he recalls working in the fields from age six, and the hardships they endured by not having their father around; moreover, he states that his father sent them money and cards while working in the United States; he discusses how his father moved the family to Mexicali, how then they …
Interview No. 1193, Pedro García
Interview No. 1193, Pedro García
Combined Interviews
Mr. García remembers growing up in Cederal, San Luis Potosí, México, and what his life was like as a child; he recalls wanting to leave home in 1944 and traveling to Texas to work picking carrots and cotton; furthermore, he recounts working as an undocumented worker in Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas; he states that he traveled to Blythe, California and that he couldn’t find work because all the jobs were filled by braceros; he describes trying to become a bracero, but being harassed and forced to leave while waiting in line; moreover, he expresses that braceros received better …
Interview No. 1196, Jose S. Magana
Interview No. 1196, Jose S. Magana
Combined Interviews
Mr. Magana remembers growing up in Hierbabuena, Michoacán, México; he is oldest sibling in his family, and remembers how hard it was to grow up poor in a ranch in México; he recalls that his father was a bracero from 1956 to 1960, and worked in California cutting lettuce; furthermore, he recounts the memories his father shared with him about the bracero program; he highlights the hardships his father endured, and how his father refused to work in United States again after returning to México, because of the bad treatment he received; moreover; he describes how his father arranged for …
Interview No. 1198, Jose B. Sanchez
Interview No. 1198, Jose B. Sanchez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Sanchez remembers growing up in San Miguel Epeja, Michoacán, México, and leaving home when he was thirteen years old because his father was very rough; he recalls working in agriculture throughout México; in 1953, he recounts how he was contracted in Gómez Palacio, Durango, México, the process he went through, and his trip to the border; furthermore, he describes crossing into the United States, and the medical exams he endured; he worked in Arizona and California picking cotton, lettuce, and melons; his last year as a bracero was in 1963; moreover, he states what the housing they received was …
Interview No. 1191, Jesus Flores
Interview No. 1191, Jesus Flores
Combined Interviews
Mr. Flores remembers his childhood in Jalisco, México, and working in agriculture with his parents; he states that he did not go to school and that he worked in his parents’ ranch until he was twenty-two years old; furthermore, he recalls getting his first bracero contract in 1951; he describes what the contract lengths were like, how he renewed his contract every six months, and how he was able to remain a bracero after eighteen months by crossing into México and then signing up for it again; additionally, he explains the contracting process and having to pick cotton for twenty …
Interview No. 1201, Severiano G. Villarreal
Interview No. 1201, Severiano G. Villarreal
Combined Interviews
Mr. Villarreal remembers growing up in Saguaripa, Sonora, México; he states that his father worked in agriculture, and after his death, he had to find work in the U.S.; he recounts that he worked in Yuma, Arizona planting and growing trees as an undocumented worker from 1951 to 1954; in 1954, his boss helped him become a bracero, and he worked for him until 1961; moreover, he recalls that he did not go to contracting centers in México, because he was contracted as a special bracero in San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora, México through the La Asociación, a group in …
Interview No. 1197, Francisco Murrillo Almaraz
Interview No. 1197, Francisco Murrillo Almaraz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Murrillo Almaraz remembers growing up in Tabasco, Zacatecas, México and working from an early age in agriculture; he states that he never had formal schooling; in 1942, he explains that he was contracted as a bracero in Mexico City, México; he details that many people, in 1942, did not want to join the bracero program because they were worried that they might be sent to the war; moreover, he worked in Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington; there he picked apples, beets, lemons, oranges, and peaches and also cut lettuce; he recalls the contracting process, his trip to …
Interview No. 1199, Amadeo Tapia Q
Interview No. 1199, Amadeo Tapia Q
Combined Interviews
Mr. Tapia remembers growing up in Sahuaripa, Sonora, México, and his father’s work as a civil judge; he went to school until the fifth grade; in 1958, he joined the bracero program and worked in Arizona and California picking beets, cotton, lemons, lettuce, onions, and tomatoes, until 1962; he recounts how he joined the program in 1958 and 1959 through a government list, and how for the next two contracts he had to pick cotton to acquire them; he describes what the contracting process was like in Empalme, Sonora, México, the medical exams they got, and the embarrassment of having …
Interview No. 1200, Salvador Beltran Torres
Interview No. 1200, Salvador Beltran Torres
Combined Interviews
Mr. Beltran Torres remembers growing up in Cosalá, Sinaloa, México, and working from an early age with his father in agriculture; he recalls how he heard about the bracero program, and what the contracting process was like in Empalme, Sonora, México; in 1956, he joined the bracero program, and then returned to it in 1958, because his father was killed; he worked in Arizona and California picking cotton, spreading seed, and watering until 1962; furthermore, he describes what life on the farm was like, the work he did, and the pay he received; he explains what his living arrangements were …
Interview No. 1211, Pedro Carmona
Interview No. 1211, Pedro Carmona
Combined Interviews
Mr. Carmona remembers growing up in Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México the middle child of eight siblings; he states that his parents worked in agriculture; additionally, he recalls working from an early age, and not being able to attend school because of the need to earn a wage; he discusses how he heard about the bracero program in 1945, and his decision to join the program in 1948; furthermore, he explains how he had to pay a mordida or bribe to get on the list of workers for the program; he does not go into detail about the process of being contracted …
Interview No. 1227, Guillermo C. Manzo
Interview No. 1227, Guillermo C. Manzo
Combined Interviews
Mr. Cervantes recalls his family and childhood; initially, the thought of working as a bracero was intimidating to him, because he knew how hard the work would be; when he was eighteen he traveled to Empalme, Sonora, México, with his father to enlist in the bracero program, but he became ill and had to go back home; in 1959, he returned to Empalme and began the contracting process; from Empalme he was transported by train to Mexicali, Baja California; oftentimes, he was treated poorly when he underwent physical exams and delousing procedures; he goes on to describe the various worksites, …
Interview No. 1226, Eusebio Hernandez
Interview No. 1226, Eusebio Hernandez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Hernandez briefly mentions his family, childhood, and adolescence; while working at a gas station in Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, he heard about contracts for the bracero program; in order to receive the proper documentation for the program he had to pick two thousand kilograms of cotton before being sent to the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora; he describes the journey from the centers to the border and the physical exams and delousing process he underwent as rude and embarrassing; as a bracero he worked in the fields with crops such as beets, cotton, lettuce, and onions; furthermore, he details the …
Interview No. 1243, Marcos Ruíz
Interview No. 1243, Marcos Ruíz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Ruíz briefly talks about his life in México; when he was seventeen years old, after he completed his military service, he moved to Mexicali, Baja California, México, where he learned about the bracero program; he went through the contracting center in Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; from there, he was transported by train to the border, where he was stripped and medically examined; many men fainted when blood samples were collected, because they had not eaten; worse yet, they were forced to strip in spite of the women present; an American official told them it did not matter, made them bend …
Interview No. 1252, Vidal Tafoya
Interview No. 1252, Vidal Tafoya
Combined Interviews
Mr. Tafoya briefly talks about his family and what his life was like growing up in México; he recalls that a great flood ruined all the crops, which led to government officials giving out cards to enlist in the bracero program on several ejidos; he went to Empalme, Sonora, México, where he encountered difficulties, because he had not completed his military service; eventually, he was able to pass through to the center in Mexicali, Baja California, México, where he was examined and fumigated; he was then transported by bus to the San Joaquin Valley Association where ranchers chose the workers …
Interview No. 1254, Salvador Velazco
Interview No. 1254, Salvador Velazco
Combined Interviews
Mr. Velazco talks about his family and what his life was like growing up; he recalls that at first, people were afraid of getting sent off to war if they enlisted in the bracero program; Salvador initially came to the United States, in 1947, without documents; roughly a month later, he went to the Coachella Valley Farmer’s Association (CVFA) and acquired a bracero contract; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of California, picking and packing various crops and driving a tractor until 1960; he goes on to detail housing, accommodations, amenities, provisions, duties, routines, payments, remittances, treatment, friendships, …
Interview No. 1258, Brijido Solíz
Interview No. 1258, Brijido Solíz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Solíz talks about his family and what his life was like growing up; in 1955, he was living in Poza Rica [de Hidalgo], Veracruz, México, when he decided to enlist in the bracero program; at the time, he was working on an ejido, but he was not earning enough to make a living; he went to Mexicali, Baja California, México to begin the contracting process; upon crossing into the United States he was medically examined and fumigated; on some occasions, he was able to obtain a specialized workers contract, as a palmero, or date picker, which allowed him to …
Interview No. 1209, Marcelino Burcíaga
Interview No. 1209, Marcelino Burcíaga
Combined Interviews
Mr. Burcíaga recalls growing up in Canatlan, Durango, México; he states that his father was a carpenter and a shoemaker; at an early age, he began working in agriculture; he states that in 1961 he decided to join the bracero program because of financial difficulties; he describes being contracted in Mexicali, Baja California, México and being sent to Empalme, Sonora, México for processing; while in Empalme, he states that he was given thorough medical exams; he details the treatment he received in that center, and then he explains how he was transported to the United States-México border; once he became …
Interview No. 1206, Agustin Bautista
Interview No. 1206, Agustin Bautista
Combined Interviews
Mr. Agustin Bautista recalls growing up in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, México; he states that he is the youngest sibling in his family; additionally, he explains that he was contracted for the first time on 1943, at Empalme, Sonora, México; he details how the contracting and processing of braceros was done, the treatment they received in Empalme, and how they were transported to the United States-México border; furthermore, he explains how officials had braceros shave their heads before crossing into the United States to prevent lice from spreading and how they were deloused; he relates how he worked in Arizona, California, Oregon, …
Interview No. 1216, Catarino J. Durán
Interview No. 1216, Catarino J. Durán
Combined Interviews
Mr. Durán briefly talks about his family and adolescence; several people in his community worked as braceros and returned home with new clothes and money, which was what he wanted for himself; in 1954, when he was twenty years old, he took a bus from his hometown to Mexicali, Baja California, México, where he enlisted in the bracero program; his first contract took him to Sacramento, California, to pick tomatoes for a cannery; later he worked in Stockton and Tracy, California; he goes on to describe how tiring it was to stay hunched over all day working in the fields; …
Interview No. 1212, María Serrano, María Carmona
Interview No. 1212, María Serrano, María Carmona
Combined Interviews
Ms. Carmona and Ms. Serrano discuss their childhoods and what life was like in México for them; they both explain how the bracero program impacted them directly; specifically, Ms. Carmona describes the hardships her family endured while her father worked as a bracero; she states that it was hard to never know when her father would return; additionally, she explains how her mother coped with the situation and how the children had to work from an early age to help make ends meet; for Ms. Serrano, the bracero program impacted her through her marriage; she relates how hard it was …
Interview No. 1231, Cipriano Moreno
Interview No. 1231, Cipriano Moreno
Combined Interviews
Mr. Moreno briefly speaks about his family; in 1960, when he was twenty-three years old, he decided to enlist in the bracero program; he signed up in his hometown of Irapuato, Guanajuato, but he was sent to Empalme, Sonora; he was assigned a number based on his home state, and once he was called, he was transferred to Mexicali, Baja California, México, and then to El Centro, California; while there, he was stripped, medically examined and deloused; as a bracero, he completed two contracts and labored in the fields of California, cleaning, pruning and picking beets, cantaloupe, grapes, lettuce and …
Interview No. 1210, Gregorio Canseco
Interview No. 1210, Gregorio Canseco
Combined Interviews
Mr. Canseco talks about several of his family members serving in the bracero program; in 1948, he also enlisted in the program out of necessity; he went through contracting centers in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Irapuato, Guanajuato and Empalme, Sonora, México; in Chihuahua, soldiers kept order at the center, and if the men did not follow instructions, they were beaten; they suffered greatly just to be braceros, including being stripped, medically examined and deloused; although he went to the centers with family and friends, they were inevitably separated; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Arkansas, California …